"Bagration" - kugwira ntchito mu 1944. Kufotokozera mwachidule ophunzira, zotsatira

Pa Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako nkhondo zinachitikadi angapo zikuluzikulu asilikali yokopa amanyansidwa a asilikali Soviet. Mmodzi wa n'kumene ntchito "Bagration" (1944). Ntchito ya dzina lake polemekeza ndi ambiri kwambiri za nkhondo kukonda dziko lako za 1812. Kenaka ganizirani mmene ntchito "Bagration" (1944). Adzakhululukidwa mwachidule anafotokoza mizere waukulu wa nagonjetsa Soviet.

siteji kuyambirira

nkhondo "Bagration" anayamba chikumbutso lachitatu la German nkhondo ya USSR. opaleshoni zinachitikadi mu 1944 pa Berezina mtsinje. asilikali Soviet anakwanitsa anagumula chitetezo German m'madera ambiri. Yogwira thandizo kuchita zimenezi, iwo anapereka zigaŵenga zankhondo. Intensively anali asilikali amanyansidwa wa 1 Baltic, 1st, 2 ndi 3 amadzibisa Belorussia. Ndi zochita za mbali awa ndi asilikali kampeni "Bagration" - opareshoni (1944; wotsogolera ndi woyang'anira za dongosolo - G. K. Zhukov). magulu anali Rokossovsky, Chernyakhovsky, Zakharov, Bagramyan. M'chigawo cha Vilnius, Brest, Vitebsk, Bobruisk kum'mawa kwa Minsk anagwidwa ndi inathetsedwa mdani. Chigaŵenga ochepa bwino akhala ikuchitika. Chifukwa cha nkhondo linatulutsidwa mbali yaikulu ya Belarus, likulu la dzikolo - Minsk, malo Chilituyaniya, zigawo kum'mawa kwa Poland. asilikali Soviet anafika m'malire a East Prussia.

Waukulu mzere kutsogolo

"Bagration" dongosolo (opareshoni 1944) adaganiza magawo awiri. Ena mwa iwo yokopa angapo amanyansidwa a asilikali Soviet. Malangizo a "Opaleshoni Bagration" mu 1944 anali motere mu gawo loyamba:

1. Vitebsk.
2. Orsha.
3. Mogilev.
4. Bobruisk.
5. Polotsk.
6. Minsk.

gawo Izi zinachitika pa 23 June 4 July. Kuchokera July 5 August 29 kuukira anali nawo amadzibisa angapo. Mu ntchito gawo lachiwiri anakonza:

1. Vilnius.
2. Siauliai.
3. Bialystok.
4. Lublin-Brest.
5. Kaunas.
6. Osovetskaya.

Vitebsk, Orsha zolawula

Pa malo chitetezo lili pa nambala 3 Panzer Army, analamula Reinhardt. Mwachindunji ku Vitebsk anali Army ake 53 Corps. Anauza mbewu. Golvittser. Near Orsha anali pa 17 Corps wa 4 Field Army. Mu June 1944, ntchito "Bagration" zinachitikadi mothandizidwa ndi nzeru. Zikomo kwa iye, asilikali Soviet anakwanitsa ozama mu chitetezo cha German ndi kutenga ngalande choyamba. 23,06 atsogoleri Russian anachitira nkhonyayo chachikulu. A mbali yofunika nyimbo ndi 43. ndi makamu 39. Woyamba chimakwirira kumadzulo kwa Vitebsk, wachiwiri - kum'mwera. 39 Army anali pafupifupi munthu saposa manambala, koma mkulu wa ndende asilikali m'dera walenga chidwi ntchito ina ku gawo yoyamba ya "Bagration" dongosolo. Opaleshoni (1944) mu Vitebsk ndi Orsha zinachitika bwinobwino lonse. M'malo mofulumira kuti anakwanitsa anagumula la kumadzulo kwa chitetezo ndi kutsogolo kum'mwera. 6 TH Corps, yomwe ili kutali mbali ya kum'mwera ya Vitebsk inakhala kuligaŵa zidutswa zingapo ndipo kuugwira. Kwa masiku angapo otsatira, atsogoleri a magulu ndi Corps anaphedwa. Mavesi kugwirizana otaika ndi mzake, akusuntha mu timagulu kumadzulo.

kumasulidwa m'matauni

June 24 kutsogolo 1 Baltic anafika Dvina. Army Gulu "North" ayesera kauntala-kuukira. Komabe, yojambula awo sizinandithandize. Mu Beshenkovichi atazunguliridwa nduna gulu D. kum'mwera Vitebsk polima makina apakavalo brigade Oslikovskogo. gulu wake wakhala moti kusuntha kwa kum'mwera kumadzulo.

Mu June 1944, ntchito "Bagration" zinachitikadi pa malo Orsha pang'onopang'ono. Ichi chinali chifukwa chakuti pali wakhala mmodzi wa wamphamvu kwambiri oyenda German m'magulu - kumenya 78th. Zinali bwino n'zochititsatu kuposa ena, anali kutithandiza 50 mfuti kudziletsa injini. Komanso munali gawo la 14 Moto Division.

Komabe, lamulo Russian anapitiriza litsatira "Bagration" dongosolo. Opaleshoni 1944 ikukhudza oyamba 5 alonda thanki Army. asilikali Soviet kudula njanji kuchokera Orchies kumadzulo mu Tolochin. The Germany anakakamizika kapena achoke mu mzindawo, kapena kuwonongedwa kwa "mphika".

Morning 27,06 Orsha linayeretsedwa Aisiraeli. 5 alonda. Panzer Army anayamba patsogolo kwa Borisov. 27,06 m'mawa ndi anamasulidwa ndipo Vitebsk. Apa kumbuyo gulu German, ongoyendayenda madzulo a zida zankhondo ndi mpweya kunyanyala. Ankhondowo kuti ankafuna angapo kugumula lazungulira lapansi. 26,06 Mmodzi wa iwo anali opambana. Komabe, maola angapo za 5 zikwi. Germany zinayamba atazunguliridwa.

zotsatira yojambula

Ndiyamika nagonjetsa a asilikali Soviet pafupifupi mwathunthu 53 Corps anawonongedwa ndi Germany. Ndi mayunitsi lopondereza anakwanitsa kuswa anthu 200. Haupt Monga akusonyeza pafupifupi onse a iwo anavulala. mphamvu Soviet komanso anakwanitsa kugonjetsa 6 Corps ndi Gulu D. Izi zidatheka ndi "Bagration" dongosolo la mgwirizano kukhazikitsa gawo loyamba. Opaleshoni 1944 mu Vitebsk ndi Orsha walola kuthetsa pambali kumpoto kwa "Center". Icho chinali chiyambi choti zina wathunthu chilengedwe gulu.

Nkhondo Mogilev

Ankaona ngati gawo kutsogolo kwa wothandiza lapansi. 23,06 ogwira zida zankhondo kukonzekera zinachitikadi. Magulu ankhondo 2 Byelorussian Front anayamba kukakamiza mtsinje. Prony. Pakuti anatenga German kumbuyo mzere. "Opaleshoni Bagration" mu June 1944 chinachitika ndi ntchito yogwira zida zankhondo. Mdani anali pafupifupi mwathunthu mosavuta mwa izo. Mu Mogilev malangizo akatswiri kudya mokwanira kuti motsogozedwa milatho 78 kuti muyende a oyenda, ndi 4 60 matani katundu wopita ku luso.

Koma patapita maola angapo, ambiri m'kamwa German anthu a waponya ku 80-100 kuti 15-20 anthu. Koma mbali ya 4 Army, anakwanitsa kusamukira ku chizindikiro chachiwiri pa p. Basho ndithu mwadongosolo. "Opaleshoni Bagration" mu June 1944, anapitiriza ndi Dnieper kukakamiza kum'mwera ndi kumpoto kwa Mogilev. 27,06 mzinda atazunguliridwa ndi anatenga lotsatira tsiku kuukira. Mogilev analandidwa 2 zikwi. Akaidi. Mmodzi mwa iwo anali mkulu wa 12 oyenda Division Bamler ndi mkulu maziko Ermansdorf. Yotsirizira kenako anapezeka wolakwa pa kuchita zambiri milandu yoopsa, ndi kumpachika. The mthunzi wa ku Germany ndinayamba zambiri yosalongosoka. Mpaka 29,06 linanyeka ndi kulanda 33 chikwi. Asilikali German, 20 akasinja.

Bobruisk

"Opaleshoni Bagration" (1944) kumatanthauza mapangidwe ya South "chiombankhanga" chilengedwe zikuluzikulu. Zimenezi zinachitikadi amphamvu kwambiri ndiponso ochuluka Belorussia kutsogolo, analamula Rokossovsky. Poyamba kumatanthauza nagonjetsa phiko bwino. Kulimbikira iye anagwira 9 Field Army mbewu. Jordan. kuthetsa vuto mdani anali anathana ndi kulenga m'dera "kukatentha" pafupi Bobruisk.

Nagonjetsa anayamba kumwera 24,06. "Opaleshoni Bagration" mu 1944 zimaphatikizapo kugwiritsa ntchito ndege pano. Komabe, nyengo kwambiri kusokoneza ntchito yake. Komanso, dera palokha sanali kwambiri nyengo tingalimbanirane. anatumiza asilikali Soviet kugonjetsa ndithu lowe chithaphwi. Komabe, njira imeneyi anasankhidwa dala chifukwa tsidya lino la chitetezo German anali ofooka. 27,06 unachitikira kukakumana misewu ku Bobruisk kumpoto ndi kumadzulo. Kiyi mphamvu German anali atazunguliridwa. The awiri a mphete anali pafupifupi 25 Km. Ntchito mwaulere Bobruisk wopambana. Pa tingalimbanirane, nyumba ziwiri zinawonongedwa - pa 35 Army ndi 41st Panzer. The atasokonezeka wa 9 Army analola kutsegula njira Minsk kuchokera kumpoto, kum'mawa ndi kum'mwera chakum'mawa.

Nkhondo Polotsk

Izi mzere wa nkhawa manda lamulo Russian. Kuthetsa vuto anayamba Baghramyan. Ndipotu, pakati Vitebsk, Orsha ndi Polotsk ntchito sanali kusiya. Mdani waukulu kulimbikitsa 3 Panzer Army, magulu ankhondo "North" (asilikali 16 munda). Mu malo, dziko la Germany anali 2 magulu oyenda. Polotskaya ntchito si anamaliza kuchotsa monga Vitebsk. Komabe, amaloledwa kumana mdani linga, sitima zolumikizanazo. Chifukwa, kuopseza chachotsedwa 1st Baltic Front ndi gulu la asilikali "North" akhala molambalala kum'mwera, zimene zikuphatikizapo flanker.

The mthunzi wa 4 Army

Akadzagonjetsedwa flanks kum'mwera ndi kumpoto pafupi Bobruisk ndi Vitebsk Germany anasowa kothawira mu rectangle a. khoma kum'mawa anapanga Drut Mtsinje, Western - Berezina. Kuchokera kumpoto ndi kumwera anali asilikali Soviet. Kumadzulo kwa Minsk inali. Kuti ndi nkhonya zazikulu za asilikali a Soviet anali umalimbana umenewu. Pa flanks wa 4 Army kwenikweni analibe chivundikirocho. Gene. maziko Tippelskirch analamula mthunzi kudutsa Berezina. Kuchita izi, ife tinali kugwiritsa ntchito njira nthaka Mogilev. Malinga ndi mlatho yekha magulu German anayesa kusamukira ku gombe kumadzulo akukumana zonse zoponya mabomba moto ndi kuukira ndege. Ndi kulamulira kuwoloka kuthana ndi apolisi usilikali, koma iye anasiya ntchitoyo. Komanso pamalowa anali yogwira partisans. Anakhala kuukira zonse zokhudza malo German. The mkhalidwe mdani anali kumva chifukwa chakuti ndi funneling mbali anagwirizana ndi gulu kuchokera kumadera wosweka m'madera ena, kuphatikizapo mwa Vitebsk. Mu nkhani imeneyi, mthunzi wa 4 Army inali yowawa komanso anali limodzi ndi zomvetsa lalikulu.

Nkhondo pa kum'mwera kwa Minsk

Mu nagonjetsa anali kutsogolera magulu mafoni - oti muli nazo zida, makina ndi apakavalo-makina mayunitsi. Part Pliev patsogolo mofulumira zokwanira kuyamba Slutsk. mzinda wa gulu lake anachoka madzulo 29,06. Chifukwa chakuti pamaso pa 1 Byelorussian Germany kutsogolo anataya katundu wolemera, iwo ndi kukana pang'ono. Slutsk anadziteteza pawiri 35 TH ndi 102 TH magawano. Iwo akupingapinga. Pliev ndiye anapezerapo kuukira flanks atatu nthawi imodzi. Kuukira inayenda bwino, ndi 11 m'mawa 30,06 mzinda Achotsa Germany. Ndi 2 July kavalo-makina mayunitsi Pliev anatenga Shults, kudula gulu m'njira kum'mwera chakum'mawa. The yojambula zinachitikadi mwamsanga mokwanira. Kulimbikira anagwira kakang'ono osati wa bungwe gulu Germany.

Nkhondo Minsk

Kutsogolo anayamba kufika nkhokwe m'manja mwa Germany. Iwo anachokera makamaka kuyendetsa m'madera Ukraine. Choyamba anadza 5 Panzer Division. Izo zinali kuopseza lalikulu, kutenga nkhani yakuti pa miyezi ingapo yapitayi, iye pafupifupi sanali kuchita nawo nkhondoyo. Kudulidwa anali yokonzedwa bwino, ndipo rearmed analimbitsa 505th katundu battalion. Komabe, mfundo ofooka cha mdani apa panali oyenda. Mpheroyi kapena chitetezo, kapena amene akuvutika awiri magawano. Kumbali kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa Minsk zapita nkhondo yaikulu. Mathanki ananena mdani pa Kucotsa makina 295 Soviet. Komabe, mosakayika kuti iwo anataya katundu kwambiri. Chigawo 5 zochepa akasinja 18 anasowa ndi "akambuku" onse 505 Battalion. Choncho, pawiri anataya mphamvu yake kulimbikitsa njira ya nkhondo. 2 alonda. July 1 Corps anayandikira mzinda wa Minsk. Yendani padziko, adaunyema mu mzinda kuchokera kumpoto chakumadzulo. Imodzi kuchokera kum'mwera anabwera Rokossovskogo detachment kuchokera kumpoto - 5 Panzer Army, ndi kum'mawa - magulu ophatikizana mphamvu manja. Minsk chitetezo chawo sizinakhalitse. Mzindawu lowonongeka ndi Germany mwamsanga 1941. Kwawo zowonjezera kuwomba maofesi.

Kugwa kwa 4. Army

Gulu German unazunguliridwa, koma anayesa kubooleza kumadzulo. Nazi ngakhale kunkhondo ndi zikwanje. Lamulo la 4. Army, anathawira kumadzulo, kotero kuti ulamuliro leni anasonyeza m'malo maziko Tippelskirch mutu wa 12 Army Corps Mueller. July 8-9, kukana German mu Minsk "mphika" potsiriza wosweka. manambala mpaka 12 zinatha kuyeretsa: mayunitsi zonse, pamodzi ndi zigaŵenga zankhondo ndi zopanda mu nkhalango ya magulu a mdani. Pambuyo pa nkhondo imeneyi kwa kum'mawa kwa Minsk inatha.

mwendo yachiwiri

Nditamaliza gawo loyamba la ntchito "Bagration" (1944), mwachidule kulankhula, pazipita ankaganiza kumanga akwaniritsa bwino. Pa nthawi yomweyo asilikali German anayesa kuti abwezeretse kutsogolo. Mu gawo lachiwiri la mayunitsi Soviet kulimbana ndi nkhokwe Germany. The malangizo a asilikali Ulamuliro wa Nazi wachitatu nthawi yomweyo panali ogwira kusintha. Pambuyo athamangitsidwe wa ku Germany kuchokera Polotsk inali ntchito yatsopano pamaso Bagramyan. 1 Baltic Front amayenera akachite zinthu tiponye kumpoto chakumadzulo, motsogozedwa Daugavpils, ndi kumadzulo - kuti Sventsyanam ndi Kaunas. Anakonza kugumula ku Baltic ndi zolowerana kugwirizana mauthenga Makamu "North" kwa onse a magulu ankhondo Wehrmacht. Pambuyo flanking permutations anayamba nkhondo aukali. asilikali German azungu anapitiriza m'mizinda yawo. 20,08 nagonjetsa anayamba pa Tukums ochokera kum'mawa ndi kumadzulo. Pakuti yochepa, dziko la Germany anakwanitsa kubwezeretsa mgwirizano pakati pa mbali ya "Center" ndi "North". Komabe, 3 Panzer Army kuukira mu Siauliai analephera. Chakumapeto August, yopuma zinachitika mu nkhondo. 1 Baltic Front anamaliza ambacita ntchito amanyansidwa "Bagration".