Opaleshoni "Bagration". Belarus kumasulidwa dongosolo (1944)

M'chaka cha 1944 a Soviet Army anatengera yomasulira lenileni la Belarus ku Germany. Okhutira waukulu "Bagration" dongosolo ntchito unapangidwa bungwe zolawula pa amadzibisa angapo, amene anali kuponya mphamvu Wehrmacht kunja kwa dzikoli. bwino analola USSR kuyamba kumasulidwa kwa Poland ndi East Prussia.

pa Hava

Strategic Plan "Bagration" udaikidwa malinga zinthu mosavuta pa chiyambi cha 1944 mu Belarus. The Red Army ali gawo ukapolo wa Vitebsk, Gomel, Mogilev ndi Polesie m'madera a dziko. Komabe, zambiri za m'gawo lake linali likadali wotanganidwa ndi mayunitsi German. Kutsogolo, anapanga ziyerekezo kuti Wehrmacht ankatchedwa "Chibelarusi khonde". Ku likulu la ulamuliro wa Hitler anachita zonse zotheka ngati n'zotheka kusunga ili njira malo ofunika.

Kuteteza malire atsopano maukonde padziko makilomita 250 m'litali analengedwa. Iwo anali kunkhondo, waya waminga ndi minefields. M'madera ena yomweyo anakumba odana thanki ngalande. German lamulo anatha kuwonjezapo chimadalira chake pa Belarus, ngakhale wosaperewera a anthu ogwira ntchito. Malinga ndi kafukufuku Soviet nzeru mu dera, izo zinali chabe miliyoni asilikali a Wehrmacht. Kodi uyu akhoza kutsutsa "Opaleshoni Bagration"? dongosolo zinali zochokera kuukira, oposa theka miliyoni asilikali.

chiyanjo cha dongosolo

Kukonzekera ntchito kuti agonjetse Germany mu Belarus anayamba malamulo Stalin mu April 1944. Pa nthawi yomweyo General Wogwila anayamba kuganizira gawo zogwirizana a asilikali kutsogolo ndi materiel. The original dongosolo "Bagration" anali bungwe General Alekseem Antonovym. Chakumapeto May, iye anakonzera kusodza ntchito.

Pa nthawi yomweyo mu Moscow akhala chifukwa atsogoleri ofunika pa Western Front. Zinali Konstantin Rokossovsky, Ivan Chernyakhovsky ndi Ivan Bagramyan. Iwo anati zinthu zinalili mu zigawo zawo za kutsogolo. pokambirana anali nawo Georgy Zhukov ndi Alexander Vasilevsky (nthumwi limaitana Lamulo). Plan kusinthidwa ndi kuyengedwa. Pambuyo pake, pa May 30 ndipo anavomereza ndi Commander Wamkulukulu.

"Bagration" (dongosolo chinatchedwa choncho polemekeza General wa kukonda dziko lako Nkhondo ya 1812 zaka) zochokera pakati zotsatirazi. chitetezo cha mdani anayenera kukhala imodzi wosweka kumabungwe sikisi kutsogolo. Pambuyo kuti zinakonzedwa lazungulira wa asilikali German pa flanks ndi (pafupi Bobruisk ndi Vitebsk), tiponye malangizo a Brest, Minsk ndi Kaunas. Pambuyo kugonjetsedwa kotheratu kwa Army 1 Belorussia Front ndidayenera pa Warsaw, 1st Baltic - by Konigsberg ndi 3 Belarus - kwa Allenstein.

zigawenga kanthu

Bwino opaleshoni chinaperekedwa "Bagration"? dongosolo zinali zochokera osati pa ntchito malamulo limaitana asilikali, komanso mgwirizano wake wachangu zigaŵenga zankhondo lapansi. Kuti athe kulankhulana pakati pawo analenga mphamvu yapadera ntchito. Pa June 8, zigaŵenga zankhondo anali kalikiliki mobisa, ndipo anawalamula pokonzekera chiwonongeko cha njanji, anakhazikika m'dera limene mukukhala.

Usiku wa pa June 20 litaphulitsidwa oposa 40,000 mayendedwe. Komanso zigaŵenga zankhondo msewu sitima ya Wehrmacht. Gulu "Center" anabwera pansi vuto yolongosoka ndi ankhondo Soviet, sanathe kukokera ku nkhokwe mzere kutsogolo chifukwa ziwalo za mauthenga awo.

Vitebsk-Orsha zolawula

"Bagration" ntchito pa June 22 anayamba gawo yogwira. Amaphatikiza tsiku ili palibe mwangozi. General amanyansidwa inayambanso mwamsanga pa tsiku lachitatu la kuukira German pa Soviet Union. 1 Baltic Front ndi 3 Belarus ankagwiritsa ntchito Vitebsk-Orshanskaya ntchito. M'kupita kwa zinali kubweretsa pansi chitetezo kumanja phiko gulu "Center". The Red Army anamasula ochepa malo dera dera Vitebsk, kuphatikizapo Orsha. The Germany anali kuthawa kulikonse.

June 27 Vitebsk anali Achotsa mdani. Madzulo a gulu German, amene opareshoni m'dera la mzinda, wakhala pansi ambiri lolemera zida zankhondo ndi mpweya kunyanyala. A mbali yaikulu ya asilikali German anali atazunguliridwa. Zoyesayesa za ena magulu umayamba anabwera kanthu.

June 28 linatulutsidwa Lepel. Chifukwa, Vitebsk-Orsha zolawula wa Red Army anatha pafupifupi kwathunthu kuwononga 53 Army Corps mdani. The Wehrmacht anataya 40,000 anaphedwa ndi 17,000 analandidwa.

kumasulidwa kwa Mogilev

Amawatenga ya General Likulu usilikali Plan "Bagration" chinali Mogilev ntchito adzakhala nkhonya zoopsa kwa Wehrmacht. M'dera limeneli, magulu German anali pang'ono zosakwana kumabungwe ena kutsogolo. Komabe, nagonjetsa Soviet apa zinali zofunika kwambiri, chifukwa mdani anadula maulendo kuthawa.

The Mogilev malangizo a asilikali German anali lokonzedwa bwino chitetezo. Tawuni iliyonse yaing'ono, pafupi ndi msewu waukulu, anasanduka mphamvu. likuyandikira kum'mawa Mogilev munali ndi mphete zingapo kumbuyo. Hitler mu mawu ake onse, ananena kuti mzinda chiyenela kuchitika zivute zitani. Zisiyeni izo tsopano analolera ndi chilolezo la Fuehrer.

Pa June 23, pambuyo zida zankhondo ndi kunyanyala magulu ankhondo 2 Byelorussian Front anayamba kukakamiza mtsinje Prony. Pamodzi magombe ake unachitikira ndi Germany anamanga mzere kumbuyo. Kuwoloka mtsinje ziletso ambiri milatho. mdani ali pafupifupi munthu kukana, chifukwa iye anali akufa ziwalo ndi zida zankhondo. Posapita nthaŵi ndinayamba chapamwamba Dnieper dziko dera Mogilev. mzinda anatengedwa pa June 28 kuukira mofulumira. Palimodzi pa ntchito anatengedwa mkaidi German asilikali oposa 30 zikwi. mphamvu Wehrmacht poyamba anali kuloŵa mu bungwe, koma atakhala Mogilev mthunzi izi inasanduka nyamazo ndi.

Bobruisk opareshoni

Bobruiskaya ntchito kunachitidwa motsogozedwa kum'mwera. Iye amayenera kuyamba kuchita lazungulira wa mayunitsi German, umene mlingo kukonza nkhani zikuluzikulu kukatentha. Plan ntchito "Bagration" anali kuti ntchito imeneyi anali kuchita 1st Belorussia Front, analamula Rokossovsky.

Near Bobruisk amanyansidwa anayamba pa June 24, kuti ndi pang'ono pasanafike kumabungwe ena kutsogolo. M'dera limeneli, panali zithaphwi ambiri. The Germany sayembekezera kuti Red Army Adzagonjetsa dambo ili. Komabe, mchitidwe kovuta anali koma unachitikira. Chifukwa cha zimenezi, asilikali 65 TH anapanga nkhonya mwamsanga ndipo zidzasintha ku mavuto si anadikira mdani. June 27, asilikali a Soviet anatenga ulamuliro wa misewu mu Bobruisk. Anadzasokoneza mzinda. Bobruisk linayeretsedwa wa Wehrmacht madzulo a 29. Pa ntchito anawononga 35 Army ndi 41 Panzer nyumba. Pambuyo bwino asilikali Soviet pa flanks pakuti anatsegula njira Minsk.

Polotsk nkhonya

Pambuyo bwino Vitebsk 1 Baltic Front molamulidwa ndi Ivan Bagramyan anachita gawo lotsatira la nagonjetsa pa udindo German. Tsopano, Soviet Army anali kumasula Polotsk. Choncho tinaganiza ku likulu, Kutsata machitidwe "Bagration". kugwila dongosolo zinkayenera kuti zichitidwe mwamsanga, chifukwa m'dera limeneli panali gulu amphamvu wa makamu "North".

Mwamphamvu kuti Polotsk anapangidwa pa June 29 ndi ochepa mphamvu Soviet njira. Red Army anathandiza zigaŵenga zankhondo, mwadzidzidzi anaukira kumbuyo kwa ang'ono kuwanditsa asilikali a ku Germany. Nkhonya mbali zonse kuti chisokonezo chachikulu ndi chipwirikiti cha chiwerengero cha mdani. Kaboma Polotsk anaganiza duu pamaso pa mphika chatsekedwa.

July 4 Soviet asilikali anamasula Polotsk, umene unali pamalo abwino ofunika komanso chifukwa ndi sitima zolumikizanazo. kugonjetsedwa Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti kuchotsa Wehrmacht. Iye anataya mkulu udindo wake wa Army Gulu "North" George Lindemann. atsogoleri German Koma chochita kumeneko sadakhoza. Kumayambiriro, pa June 28 Zinachitika chimodzimodzi Field polimbana Ernst Chitsamba Choyaka analamula Army Gulu "Center".

kumasulidwa kwa Minsk

The kupambana wa Soviet Army Likulu mwamsanga amaloledwa kuvala watsopano "Bagration" ntchito opareshoni. Free Belarus dongosolo anali chilengedwe cha kukatentha pafupi Minsk. Inakhalapo pambuyo Germany kuugwira wa Bobruisk ndi Vitebsk. 4 German asilikali anali kum'mawa kwa Minsk ndipo asakhalenso mu dziko lonse mu malo oyamba, asilikali a Soviet anali kukanikiza kuchokera kumpoto, ndi kum'mwera, ndipo kachiwiri, zopinga zachilengedwe mu mawonekedwe a mitsinje. West la mtsinje unaturuka. Berezina.

Pamene General Kurt Von Tippelskirch analamula bungwe mthunzi, asilikali ake anafunika kuwoloka mtsinje pa limodzi mlatho ndi wamchenga. Ku Germany ndi anzawo anaukira zigaŵenga zankhondo. Komanso, dera ndizi shelled zoponya mabomba. The Red Army anawoloka Berezina Mtsinje pa 30 June. Minsk linatulutsidwa July 3, 1944. Mu likulu la Belarus anju wazunguliridwa ndi asilikali 105 zikwi za Wehrmacht. Kupha oposa 70, ndipo ina 35 anatengedwa ukapolo.

March ku Baltic States

Panthawiyi, asilikali a 1st Baltic Front adapita tiponye kumpoto chakumadzulo. Asilikali lamulo la Baghramyan anali kugumula ku Nyanja Baltic namdula Army Gulu "North" kuchokera mayunitsi ena a German asilikali. Plan "Bagration" Mwachidule, kuyembekezeredwa kuti bwino ntchito anali ndi kuwonjezeka kwambiri gawo ili la kutsogolo. Choncho 1 Baltic kutsogolo anasamutsa 39 ndi 51th Army.

Pamene nkhokwe pomalizira pake kwathunthu anafika malo zamakono, dziko la Germany anakwanitsa kukokera kuti Daugavpils mphamvu ndithu. Tsopano kuti asilikali Soviet sanali chotero kutchulidwa n'zosangalatsa kumva ntchito, onse pa siteji yoyamba ya ntchito "Bagration". Dongosolo kwa blitzkrieg ndi nthawi kuti anali kale pafupifupi onse. Asilikali anakhalabe ayambe otsiriza potsiriza kumasula gawo Soviet kwa adani. Daugavpils ndi Siauliai anamasulidwa ngakhale slippage m'dera kumuukira, pa 27 July. 30 chiwerengero cha asilikali kudula otsiriza njanji zomwe zinachititsa ku Baltic kuti East Prussia. Tsiku lotsatira, mdani anali atathamangitsidwa Jelgava, kulola asilikali Soviet anafika nyanja.

Vilnius opareshoni

Pamene Chernyakhovsky anamasula Minsk ndipo anagonjetsa 4 asilikali Wehrmacht, General Likulu anamutuma lamulo latsopano. Tsopano magulu ankhondo 3 Belorussia Front ufulu Vilnius ndi kuwoloka mtsinje Neman. Kukwaniritsa kuti anayamba pa July 5, mwachitsanzo tsiku nkhondo mu Minsk.

Mu Vilnius anali otetezedwa asilikali, wopangidwa mwa asilikali 15,000. Hitler, kuti musunge likulu la Lithuania anayamba amachita ukusunthira mwachizolowezi mabodza, akuitana mzinda "lomaliza mpanda wolimba". Pakali pano, Army 5 kale pa tsiku loyamba la tingalimbanirane linaphulika makilomita 20. Kutetezedwa German anali kulekerera ndi kumasura chifukwa chakuti zonse zikugwira ntchito mu Chigawo Baltic anatengera mauled mu nkhondo yapita. Komabe, pa July 5 Anazi akadali anayesa counterattack. kuyesa uyu anadza kanthu. Asilikali Soviet anali kale pa njira mzinda.

9 chiwerengero iye anagwira mfundo pamalo abwino zofunika - siteshoni ndipo ndege. Oyenda ndi thanki oyeretsa linayamba kumenya mwachangu. Likulu la Lithuania anatulutsidwa pa July 13. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti asilikali a 3 Belorussia Front anathandiza asilikali Chipolishi Home Army. Atatsala pang'ono kugwa kwa mzindawo analera izo kupanduka a.

Kutha kwa opareshoni

Pa chomaliza opaleshoni ya Soviet Army anamaliza kumasulidwa kwa dera Western Belarus, lili pafupi ndi malire a dziko Poland. July 27 anaipidwa Bialystok. Choncho, asilikali anafika chisanadze nkhondo malire boma. August 14 Osovets Army anamasulidwa ndipo unatenga bridgehead pa mtsinje Narew.

26 July mphamvu Soviet anali kunja kwa mzinda wa Brest. Patapita masiku awiri, mzindawu otsala a Aroma omwe ankalamulira dzikolo German. Mu August ndi tiponye kum'mawa Poland. Germany anagonjetsa pafupi Warsaw. 29 August linasindikizidwa ndi malangizo a Wamkulukulu Lamulo, malinga ndi zimene Red Army anali kupita kumbuyo. amanyansidwa anali inaimitsidwa. ntchito inatha.

Kamodzi dongosolo wakhala anaphedwa "Bagration", Wachiwiri World nkhondo anasamukira ku mbali yake yomaliza. The Soviet Army kwathunthu anamasula Belarus ndipo anali tsopano mungathe kuyamba latsopano amanyansidwa bungwe mu Poland. Germany anali pafupi kugonjetsedwa komaliza. Choncho Belarus itatha Nkhondo Yaikulu ya. Plan "Bagration" zinachitikadi mu nthawi yaifupi zotheka. Belarus pang'ono ndi pang'ono nakhala, kubwerera kwa munthu wamba. Dziko anadwala Germany, mwinanso kuposa wina aliyense wamphumphu mayiko.