Kodi ndizomveka bwanji kugwiritsa ntchito prepositions mu German ndi zomwe zimachitika?

Zolemba m'Chijeremani zili ndi cholinga chimodzimodzi ndi Chirasha. Amathandizira kugwirizanitsa mawu kapena mawu mu chigawo chimodzi chokha, chomwe chiri, mu chiganizo. Zomwe zimachitika m'Chijeremani kawirikawiri zimakhalapo asanayambe Kuwonjezera, zomwe zimagwirizana.

Kulemba

Chigawo ichi chovomerezekacho chili ndi mndandanda. Zolinga zimagawidwa m'magulu atatu: zomwe zimayambitsa vuto limodzi; Kulamulira nthawi yomweyo maulendo awiri (awa ndi Dativ ndi Akkusativ), komanso zomwe sizifunikanso malamulo ena. Tiyenera kuzindikira mfundo imodzi yokondweretsa. Zolinga zingathetse mavuto osiyanasiyana - izo zimadalira zomwe malemba awo alili. Ndikokutanthauza kuti tanthauzo la nkhaniyi silofunika. Ndiponso, palibe malamulo okhwima omwe angayang'anire kulamulira konse. Choncho, ma prepositions a milandu m'chinenero cha Chijeremani ayenera kokha kuloweza pamtima, kumbukirani. Izi ndizochitika ndi zosavomerezeka.

Kugwiritsa ntchito maumboni okhudzana ndi milandu

N'zochititsa chidwi kuti zina mwazolembazo zili ndi imodzi mwa milandu yomwe ilipo mwalamulo lovomerezeka. Yachiŵiri ingapezeke kokha nthawi zina. Ndi bwino kusonyeza chirichonse mu chitsanzo chowonekera. Tangoganizani, pempho limeneli: Trotz dem Schneefall (Dativ) wollte Mark akudzidzimutsa ku Berge fahren. Likutanthauzira motere: "Ngakhale kuti chipale chofewa chija, Mark ankafuna kupita pagalimoto kupita kumapiri." Malingaliro awa akuwonetsa bwino kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwa mlandu wachiwerewere. Ndipo izi, ndiyenera kunena, sizodziwika m'Chijeremani, kapena mmalo mwake, poyankhula mwachiyanjano. Nanga bwanji zina? Mwachitsanzo, vutoli limagwiritsidwa ntchito nthawi zambiri poyang'anira malemba ("mu"), m'ziganizo zomwe zimachitika, des are after the name.

Nominativ ndi Akkusativ

Palinso malemba omwe sali oyenera kugwiritsa ntchito zowonjezera muzochitika zenizeni zenizeni. Kuti ndiwone bwino, iwo ndi als ndi wie. Maina omwe amatsata ndondomeko izi zimakhala chimodzimodzi ndi ziganizo zomwe zimagwirizana nawo. Izi zikhoza kuwonedwa mu chitsanzo chotsatira: Mario kannte ihren Schwester als Schüler (uyu ndi Dzina). Chigamulocho chimasuliridwa motere: "Mario adadziwa mlongo wake ngati msukulu." Kapenanso, pogwiritsa ntchito Akkusativ, mawuwo akhoza kupangidwa motere: Mario kannte ihren schwester als Schüler. Anamasulira izi mofananamo: "Mario ankadziwa mlongo wake, ngakhale ali mwana wa sukulu." Zitsanzo zonsezi zimagwirizana molumikizana. Izi ndizoyambirira, mutuwu umagwirizanitsidwa ndi "dzina" pambuyo pa als (motero, dzina lamanenedwe liyenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito), koma mu yachiwiri Akkusativ imagwiritsidwa ntchito, popeza pali kuwonjezera. Kawirikawiri, ma chitukuko cha chiyanjano m'chinenero cha Chijeremani sichiyimira chirichonse chovuta, apa chinthu chachikulu ndikutanthauzira ntchito ya milandu ndi kumasulira kwa mawu okha.

Kugwiritsidwa ntchito kwapadziko lonse

Ichi ndi phunziro lochititsa chidwi kwambiri, ndipo liyenera kudziwika kuti limatha kufotokoza malingaliro anu moyenera. Ngati mukufuna, nenani, nenani: "Ndikupita ku Germany" - ndiye kungakhale kwanzeru kugwiritsa ntchito nach. Maumboni awa amasonyeza malangizo, ndipo pakali pano chiganizo chidzawoneka monga: Ich fahre nach Deutschland. Mwa njira, nach imagwiritsidwa ntchito poyanjana ndi mayiko omwe alibe nkhani mu German. Awa ndi mayina apakatikati, monga Russia, Italy, Germany, France, ndi zina zotero. Izi zikufotokozedwanso ngati kuli kofunikira kuyankha funso lomwe liri nthawi yanji tsopano. Mwachitsanzo: zwanzig Minuten nach fünf (makumi awiri mphambu zisanu). Pokhapokha pokhapokha mawuwa akumasuliridwa kuti "pambuyo" (ngati verbatim). Ndikufuna kuti ndizindikire nthawi zambiri za Für. Kawirikawiri zimenezi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito poyerekezera ndi wina. Für dich, Für mich, Für alle da (kwa inu, kwa ine, kwa aliyense), ndi zina zotero, amasonyeza cholinga, cholinga, wothandizira. Koma nthawi zambiri izi zimagwiritsidwa ntchito monga cholozera tanthauzo la "munthu". Mwachitsanzo: Sewon schon für mich bezahlt (iye analipira kale ine).

Kodi zotengerazo ndi zotani?

Chotsatira, ndikufuna kulembetsa ndondomeko zonse zomwe zilipo m'Chijeremani. Gome, lomwe amaimiridwa kawirikawiri, si lalikulu kwambiri, ndipo ndikosavuta kukumbukira chirichonse kuposa momwe chikuwonekera. Anthu amene amaphunzira chinenerochi amawakumbukira poyerekezera. An-kutembenuzidwa monga "pamwamba" kapena "pa", zimadalira kugwiritsa ntchito mlandu. Auf amapezera munthu, chinthu kapena chodabwitsa: Alles anali auf der Bühnepassiert, ndi Wahnsinn (kumasuliridwa kuti: "Zonse zomwe zimachitika pa siteji ndizonyansa"). Hinter ndikutembenuzidwa kwa malemba athu "kwa", ndipo Chijeremani mwachimodzimodzi ndi mawu omwewo mu Chingerezi. Izi zikutanthauziridwa kuti "mu": Ich bin jetzt in der Kneipe (yomasulira: "Ndine tsopano"). Palinso maumboni über (kudutsa, kupitirira) ndi vor (kale, kale, kale).

Kunena zoona, izi ndi zolemba zomwe zilipo kale ndizogwiritsidwa ntchito kwambiri ndipo zimapezeka m'Chijeremani. Nkhaniyi si yovuta monga, mwachitsanzo, kugwiritsa ntchito mawu. Zolemba m'Chijeremani ziri ndi tanthawuzo lomwelo ndi kumasulira monga mu Russian, ndipo izi zimatsimikizira kufanana kofananako kowadziwa bwino. Ndipo ngati mumagwiritsa ntchito, ndiye posachedwa zotsatirazo zidzawonekera, ndipo munthuyo sangazengereze kupanga malangizowo mokwanira.