Mayiko - ASEAN mamembala: mndandanda

Chitatu August 1967, chaka Asian ku Southeast chakwaniritsidwa mgwirizano wa limati mu gulu limodzi. Mayiko - ASEAN ophunzira kuzindikiridwa zolinga ziwiri mosavomerezeka wa Bungwe la: Kupititsa patsogolo chitukuko cha chikhalidwe ndi umoyo ndi zachuma co-ntchito mamembala a gulu ndi kulimbitsa bata ndi mutendele kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia.

The ndondomeko ya kulowa

Poyamba, a Association anali asanu: Malaysia, Indonesia, Thailand, Singapore, Philippines. Only mu 1984, dziko - ASEAN ophunzira anatenga m'maudindo ake Boma la Brunei Darussalam.

Mu 1995, Vietnam Chinawonjezeka mu 1997 - Myanmar ndi Laos, ndipo mu 1999 - Kambozhda. Pa nthawi, dziko - mamembala a ASEAN ali mamembala khumi la Association wake. Plus Papua - New Guinea ndi udindo wa chidwi chapadera.

zolinga za Association

bungwe anali ntchito ndi kobvuta kwambiri, ndi zambiri mawu akuti: kudzam'patsa grouping dera mu dziko pakati chuma ndi ndale za dziko Mipikisano kumalo ozizira, ndipo ntchito imeneyi inali pa kutsogolo, m'pofunika kupanga ufulu zone malonda ndi zone ndalama.

Koma zimenezi n'zosatheka popanda kukhazikitsa ndalama limodzi ndi chilengedwe cha m'ziwawa mtundu zomangamanga zachuma. Ndi kuchita zonse za pamwamba, m'pofunika kupanga wapadera kasamalidwe dongosolo. Kuyambira pamenepo, ndipo anaganiza kuyamba.

Vuto la 1997

ndalama Global ndi mavuto azachuma mu 1997, sakanakhoza kulephera kwa bwanji Asia Southeast. Mayiko - mamembala ASEAN mayeso, chifukwa mavuto anali kungasokoneze njira chuma ndi ndale. Pang'ono zochepa anapita ku Singapore ndi Brunei, koma iwo adamlaka mitundu yonse ya mavuto kwa zaka ziwiri. mayiko ena amene amapanga ASEAN akhala pafupi kusiya Association.

Komabe, "dazeni" anapitiriza malamulo a kusakanikirana mu dera la zachuma, kuswa mayeso ndi kulimbitsa kutsimikiza kuti asachoke mapulani theka njira. kukana kwawo anadalitsidwa mapeto a 1999, ambiri a mumaganiza choimira anatha kugonjetsa, ndipo, popanda lonse, Zinaonekeratu ngakhale kuyamba ena kukula zachuma, amene anafika zosakwana asanu peresenti mu 2000.

kapangidwe

Thupi wapamwamba wa gulu, amene anakhazikitsidwa ndi mayiko a ASEAN - msonkhano wa atsogoleri a boma ndi maboma, amene asankha mafunso onse akuluakulu anakweza ndi Association. Imayang'anira ndi amene amayang'anira ntchito za msonkhano wapachaka, yomwe imachitika pa mlingo Utumiki zakunja, aliyense dziko iwonso (CFM). Utsogoleri wa masiku ano chinkhoswe mu komiti ndi mbiri, amalamulidwa ndi Nduna ya za okhonda za dziko limene pa nthawiyo zoti lotsatira Utumiki Council.

Komanso, mu mzinda wa Jakarta nthawi zonse ntchito Secretariat, lotsogoledwa ndi Mlembi General. Gawo lililonse la ntchito lizigwira khumi makomiti apadera. Mosapatuka wa ASEAN mayiko membala, ndiwo mndandanda wa pamwamba, ikuchitika pa zochitika mazana atatu pachaka. Chimango malamulo wabweretsedwanso mu 1976 (Bali Pangano akuthandiza ubwenzi ndi mgwirizano mu Asia South-East).

chuma

Area chuma kum'mwera chakum'mawa kwa Asia ali pangozi yaikulu, choncho mayiko a Association anagwirizira mzere pa liberalization ndi kusakanikirana, pa maziko a mgwirizano pa kukhazikitsidwa kwa ufulu wochita malonda malo (AFTA), sikapangano M'chilamulo pa malo a ndalama (AIA) ndi mgwirizano Basic za mafakitale ziwembu co-opareshoni (AIKO) .

Popeza chitukuko cha pulogalamu ali ndi njira yaitali, amene mwakuchita ndi gulu Katswiri asayansi otchuka ndi andale, amalonda ndi atsogoleri a asilikali, ASEAN akufuna kukwaniritsa kusakanikirana kuposa European Union. Ndipo izi: kaphatikizidwe banki States kwathunthu logwirizana ankhondo ndi apolisi kwa Association lonse, wamba Office, monga mfundo yachilendo, ndi sayansi. Ndipo ichi si zolinga zonse zimene anamanga kuti iye ndi mayiko a ASEAN. List of sizinathe kusinthidwa, koma zonse ndi zotheka.

AFTA

The grouping kwambiri Consolidated a ku Asia, United chomwecho zolinga za chuma - ndi ASEAN Free Trade Area. Ndi "kucha" zokakambirana chachinayi maboma ndi atsogoleri a boma mu 1992. Poyamba panali mayiko asanu okha, ndipo izo sizinali mpaka mu 1996, pamene kulowa kwa AFTA ASEAN anagwirizana Vietnam. Pang'onopang'ono mpaka 1999, chaka zikuchokera anauka kwa ophunzira khumi.

Mayiko ndi a ASEAN - kudziwika. Ndipo chimene chirichonse akhoza kujowina Association posachedwapa? Papua - New Guinea pamene eyeing ziyembekezo. A malonda m'dera ufulu analengedwa ndi diso pa malonda kum'mwera dera, kuti kwambiri kwapakati pa-ASEAN malonda. ngati malonda mwagwirizana zinthu kukula anali kusonkhezera mpikisano wa chuma chawo. Plus kuti ichi - kuphatikiza ndale ndi kugwirizana kwa mgwirizano umenewu zochepa otukuka m'mayiko South-East Asia.

kupatula

Zone ufulu wochita malonda amafuna makina apadera a zachuma. ASEAN ali ndi mgwirizano pa wamba ogwira ŵakwenera tariff (kupatula). Mayiko onse nawo kuti anasaina mgwirizano pamwamba Singapore mu 1992. Amawatenga ndi akhulupirire chiwembu ukugawa mankhwala onse m'magulu anayi. The choyamba - ndi kuchepa kwa tariffs kuti kuchepetsedwa mogwirizana labwinobwino kapena inapita ndandanda. Gulu la mankhwala ndi 88% wa chofunika nomenclature a m'mayiko onse ASEAN ndipo komabe likukula.

Zotsatirazi magawo awiri a katundu anagwira mndandanda. Mmodzi wa iwo ndi katundu ofunikira nat. chitetezo chitetezo cha makhalidwe, thanzi ndi moyo wa anthu, komanso zinyama ndi zomera, zonse zokongola, pofukula ndi mbiri yakale phindu. The chachiwiri gulu la mankhwala kwa achire kosamugonjera kuchepetsa tariffs pa malo a zachuma zoweta, ndi imapereka azilandira kuchepa kwa chiwerengero cha katundu wotereyu. Wachinayi gulu - ulimi uphungu - poyamba kwathunthu itachotsedwa akhulupirire chiwembu. Koma mu 1995, kumatanthauza zinthu wapadera kuchepetsa tariffs pa magulu mankhwala awa.

Industrial mgwirizano

Kuonjezera mpikisano wa katundu opangidwa m'dera ASEAN, ndipo, chotero, kukopa ndalama m'deralo, ndi mitundu yatsopano ya mgwirizano mafakitale akhala nawo. Kuweta Mgwirizano (AIKO) ASEAN mayiko membala Mukalowa mu 1996, chaka.

Pansi chiwembu ichi, AIKO cholinga zonse kupanga, kuwonjezera mankhwala aphatikizidwa ndi mndandanda wa osaphatikizidwamo pansi Pangano la akhulupirire. Tsopano kokha ntchito kwa mafakitale, koma alowererepo anakonza mu mpumulo wa chuma. Ndipo chiwerengero cha magawo mapologalamu mafakitale mgwirizano linasinthidwa. Achita zambiri ankagwiritsa ntchito tariff ndi njira sanali.

Zolinga AIKO

Choyamba, njira anatengedwa ndi kukula zokolola, kuwonjezera chiwerengero ndi khalidwe la ndalama m'mayiko ASEAN ochokera m'mayiko lachitatu, kuzama kwa kusakanikirana, patsogolo malonda mkati, kuwongolera m'munsi luso, kulanda dziko msika ndi katundu mpikisano, pantchito, kukula ndi chitukuko cha ogwira ntchito payekha. Chikhalidwe cha chilengedwe cha aliyense kampani latsopano anali nawo makampani osachepera awiri ochokera m'mayiko osiyanasiyana pamaso pa peresenti makumi atatu mwa likulu lawo.

Imakhala zosiyanasiyana zokonda - ŵakwenera mitengo tariff kuyambira pa chiyambi, amene amapereka mwayi poyerekeza ndi opanga amene, monga mwa kupatula, anafika motere zaka zochepa. Kuwonjezera kuti zokonda anapereka ndipo sanali tariff - kupeza infestitsy kuphatikizapo. Ngati Mlengi adzakhala refocus kampani ndi zipangizo ndi mankhwala theka-yomalizidwa kuti chomaliza mankhwala, AIKO amapereka zolimbikitsa zina - mitengo tariff ŵakwenera ndi unrestricted malonda ku misika ASEAN, pamene mwayi kwa intermediates ndi zipangizo ndi n'zochepa kwambiri.

AIA

Kupanga ndalama mabacteria chifukwa cha mgwirizano 1998 M'chilamulo. Kudera limeneli chimakwirira m'madera onse a ASEAN, ndi zoweta ndi achilendo ndalama amakopeka chifukwa chilolezo kuti: Makampani adzapatsidwe chithandizo dziko, kuwachepetsera msonkho, zochotsa zoletsa zinthu zambiri, analola ndalama kumabungwe kufikako za chuma, koma iwo amene ali pa mndandanda wa exclusions zosakhalitsa kapena wosakhwima mndandanda.

The peculiarity ya mgwirizano uno kuti amangonena za ndalama mwachindunji, ndalama mbiri popanda olimbikitsa. Mayiko - mamembala ASEAN asemphana kwambiri mlingo wa chitukuko chuma limati, kotero M'chilamulo panganoli chimapanga kutenga nkhani kuchepetsa pang'onopang'ono wa List of kuchotserapo wosakhalitsa ndi wolephera - koma osati kwa aliyense, koma kwa Indonesia, Brunei, ndi Philippines, Malaysia, Thailand ndipo Singapore - mu 2010 chaka TH. Nayenso mayiko ASEAN akhala ntchito List kwambiri yaitali. AIA Council kwathetsa mndandanda onse m'chaka cha 2003.