The Fuhrer ndi ... Tanthauzo la mawu akuti "Fuhrer"

"Führer" ndi mawu achijeremani. Kumva iye, kawirikawiri kukumbukira dzina la woipitsitsa kwambiri m'zaka za zana la 20 - Adolf Hitler. Kodi liwuli limasuliridwa bwanji? Ndipo kodi liri ndi tanthauzo lina?

Mtsogoleri, iye ndi Fuhrer

Kutembenuzidwa kuchokera ku German kumadziwika, mwinamwake, kwa aliyense. "Mtsogoleri", "mtsogoleri" - zifananalo za dzina ili zilipo mu Russian. Mawu akuti der Führer amachokera ku vesi f ühren , lomwe m'mawu omasuliridwa limatanthauza "kutsogolera," "kutsogolera," kuti "alamulire." Pali malingaliro ena.

D er Führer - mutu, mutu. Liwu limeneli likhoza kumasuliridwa kuti "kutsogolera", "woyendetsa", "kutsogolera". Makhalidwe amenewa ali ndi mgwirizano wapatali ndi lingaliro limene tikulingalira m'nkhaniyi. Pambuyo pake, Fuhrer ndi amene samangoyendetsa. Amatsogolera anthu ku cholinga chofunika, pambuyo pake chimwemwe chonse chiyenera kubwera.

Zoonadi, chimwemwe chimakhudza osankhidwa okha. Mwachitsanzo, oimira "mpikisano wapamwamba". Mawu akuti "Fuhrer" adakhala tanthauzo lalikulu. Kutembenuzidwa kuchokera ku German mpaka 1941 ku Soviet Union, mayanjano oipa mwa anthu sanapangitse. Pambuyo pake, dziko lino linali lolamulidwa ndi Fuhrer - mwamuna yemwe pa chifukwa china amatchedwa mtsogoleri.

Hitler

Ajeremani anapatsa Hitler dzina la "Fuhrer." Zimamveka chachilendo kwa wina yemwe amadziwa kumasulira kwa mawu. Koma alendo akunja omwe ankawoneka ngati akugwiritsa ntchito mawu oti "mtsogoleri" poyerekezera ndi Stalin.

Mtsogoleri ndi mtsogoleri. Camaraden ndi mnzanga. Ulamuliro wankhanza wa Hitler ndi Stalinist ndi wofanana kwambiri. Mabuku ambiri alembedwa za izi lero. Ngakhale Vasily Grossman mu buku lake lakuti "Moyo ndi Tsoka" anafanizira olamulira a zaka makumi awiri, omwe adabweza. Mawu awa ali ndi mithunzi yambiri. Ndipo zoipa zinawonekera mu theka lachiwiri la zaka za makumi awiri.

Wa Fuhrer ndi wolamulira wankhanza. Zinganenedwe kuti chifukwa cha Hitler, chidziwitso cha semantic neologism chinawonekera m'Chijeremani. Ndipo patatha zaka makumi angapo nkhondo ya Great Patriotic, dziko lathu likuyamba kufanana ndi lingaliro lachijeremani la "Fuhrer" ndi mawu a Chirasha "mtsogoleri." Koma, mosiyana ndi Stalin, Hitler adali ndi udindo woterewu.

Fuhrer ndi Duce

M'zaka makumi atatu ndi makumi atatu ndi theka la makumi asanu ndi atatu Hitler, anthu ake okonda dziko lapansi nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Führer . Jawohl mein Führer anakhalabe wodekha! (Jawol, Mayn Fuhrer). Kutembenuza: "Inde, mtsogoleri wanga!" Dzina la mtsogoleri wa Germany silinatchulidwe pachabe. Ajeremani oopa Mulungu adayiwala za lamuloli: "Usadzipangire iwe fano!" Ponena za momwe Hitler anapambulitsira kupambana chikondi chodziwika, pamalire pa kudzipatulira kwachangu, ntchito zambiri za mbiriyakale zalembedwa. Komabe, a Fuehrer adatha kukhala kutali kwambiri.

Njira ya munthu uyu kupita ku zandale za Olympus inali yaitali. Hitler anali ndi udindo wovuta. Kuti apeze dzina la Führer, iye kwa zaka zopitirira khumi akufalitsa propaganda, kukhala wofunika kwambiri ndi kulemekeza pakati pa mamembala a German Workers 'Party. Poyamba iwo sanamuzindikire. Ndiye iye anayamba kudabwitsa, ndipo kenako ndi kulemekeza. Pofika kumapeto kwa zaka makumi atatu, gawo lalikulu la anthu a Chijeremani lidamangirira munthu wamng'ono yemwe anali wofanana kwambiri ndi German.

Mu 1922, Hitler anauzira chitsanzo cha Mussolini, chomwe chinali pulogalamu yake yolimbana ndi Roma. Wolemba ndale wa ku Italy, posakhalitsa anaposa zonse: mwaukali, changu, mphamvu ya mphamvu pa anthu. Komabe, patapita nthawi. Ndipo poyamba Hitler adakongoletsa mutu wa Mussolini. The Fuhrer ndi ofanana Duce, mwachikhalidwe chabe German.

Reichsfuehrer SS

Chimodzi mwa matanthauzo a der Führer ndi mtsogoleri. Mawu akuti "SS Fuhrer" sali olondola. A SS ndi chidule cha mawu a Schutzstaffel, omwe amatanthauza mapangidwe apamwamba, omwe, monga bungwe lirilonse, anali ndi mtsogoleri. Iye anali Reichsfuhrer. Mutu uwu mu Chirasha ukhoza kumasuliridwa ngati "mtsogoleri wa mtsogoleri".

Msilikali womaliza wa ku Germany, yemwe akugwira ntchito ya SS Reichsfuhrer, anali Karl Hanke. Komabe, mu chikhalidwe ichi anali masiku asanu ndi limodzi okha. Heinrich Himmler, SS Reichsführer kuyambira 1929 mpaka 1945, amadziwa zochuluka za mbiriyakale. Ndipo chidwicho si moyo wokha wa umunthu uno, komanso imfa.

Himmler anamangidwa kumapeto kwa nkhondo ndi akaidi omwe kale anali Soviet. Iye sankadziwa kuti iye anali Reichsfuehrer, mpaka iye mwini avomereza izi. Kenako Himmler adatha kutenga mlingo wa potassium ya cyanide yosungidwa mu miyambo ya apolisi, nkumwalira, ndipo sanakhalenso ndi moyo kuti afunsidwe. Mfundo yakuti munthu amene adamuwuza Himmler mwiniwakeyo ndi kudzipha yekha adali Reichsfuhrer, kwa nthawi yaitali atakayikira. Choncho, nkhondo itangotuluka.

Standartenfuhrer

Ili ndilo udindo wina wa SS. Standartenfuhrer ikufanana ndi udindo wa koloneli. Ili ndilo udindo umene unali ndi mtsogoleri wa Soviet wotchuka "Makamu sevente a Spring" Isaev. Mawu oti "Standartenfuhrer" amapezeka m'mafilimu ndi m'mabuku. Dzina la malo amenewa latchulidwa, mwachitsanzo, m'buku la Strugatsky "Lolemba limayamba Loweruka."

Sönderführer

Pomaliza mndandandanda wa malingaliro ochokera kumagulu a asilikali, wina ayenera kutchula dzinali. Sönderführer ndi msilikali yemwe ali ndi udindo winawake chifukwa cha luso lina laumisiri.

Mfundo zina

Morpheme führer ndi mbali ya mawu ambiri achijeremani omwe ali ndi tanthauzo lamtendere. Chitsanzo:

• Parteiführer (mtsogoleri wa phwando).
• Oppositionsführer (mtsogoleri wa otsutsa) .
  
• Spielführers (woyang'anira gulu).
• Abteilungsführer (mutu wa dipatimenti).
  
• Zugführer (mutu wa sitima) .