Kufika kwa Dnieper ndi asilikali a Soviet mu 1943

Nkhondo ya Dnieper anali mmodzi wa yamagazi kwambiri mu mbiri ya nkhondo. Malinga ndi magwero yosiyanasiyana zomvetsa mbali zonse, kuwerenga akufa ndipo anavulazidwa, ranged anthu 1.7 miliyoni 2,7. Nkhondo imeneyi ndi lonse mndandanda wa wotuluka njira ikuchitika ndi asilikali a Soviet mu 1943. Ena mwa anthu amenewa ulendo wa Dnieper.

waukuru Firate

Dnipro ndi mtsinje wachitatu waukulu ku Ulaya pambuyo Volga ndi Danube. m'lifupi mu pambuyo pake ndi za 3 Km. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti banki bwino ndi apamwamba kwambiri ndi steeper kuposa kumanzere. Mbali imeneyi kwambiri complicates ulendo wa asilikali. Komanso, mogwirizana ndi malangizo a Wehrmacht, zosiyana banki la asilikali German anapita zambiri mavuto ndi mpanda wolimba kwambiri.

kukakamiza options

Takumana ndi vuto ili, lamulo la Soviet Army Anayamba kuganiza za momwe kuti asilikali anabwera ndi zipangizo mtsinjewo. Iwo anayamba kupanga mapulani awiri umene ungachitike Kuoloka kwa Dnieper. Njira yoyamba chikuphatikizapo asilikali amasiya pa magombe a mtsinje ndi chidule cha mbali owonjezera malo ananena kuwoloka. dongosolo Zimenezi zinathandiza kuti azindikire deficiencies mu mzere chitetezo cha mdani, ndipo mukazindikira malo kuukira lotsatira zidzachitika.

Ndi zina ankaganiza yojambula chachikulu, chimene chinali chifukwa kumwalira chilengedwe German kumbuyo mizere ndipo zinali magulu awo ku malo akumane nawo. Mmalo awa, asilikali a Wehrmacht kwathunthu amalephera kupereka wotsutsa aliyense kugonjetsa mizere awo kumbuyo. Ndipotu njira zakhala zofanana kwambiri amene anagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dziko la Germany kudutsa Maginot Line pa chiyambi cha nkhondo.

Koma njirayi angapo a kuipa. Iye anapereka lamulo German kwa chidule mu dera la Dnieper mphamvu zina, komanso regrouping mphamvu komanso kulimbitsa ya chitetezo ya bwino kuganizira kukula alimbane ya Soviet Army mu malo oyenera. Komanso, monga dongosolo kuvumbula asilikali athu ngozi yaikulu ya akuukira ndi German kugwirizana makina mayunitsi, ndipo izi tisaiwale, anali pafupifupi chida yabwino kwambiri ya Wehrmacht ku chiyambi cha nkhondo ku Soviet Union.

Chachiwiri chimake - kukakamiza Dnieper mphamvu Soviet kutsatira kukopa anthu amphamvu, popanda kukonzekera kulikonse kuchokera kutsogolo lonse. Dongosolo ili sanapereke Germany nthawi zida otchedwa East Wall, komanso kukonzekera chitetezo cha bridgeheads awo pa Dnieper. Komabe, njirayi zingachititse zomvetsa yaikulu mu Soviet Army.

maphunziro

Monga mukudziwa, malo German inali m'mphepete lamanja la Dnieper. Ndipo mbali ina ya asilikali Soviet wotanganidwa gawo kutalika kwa amene ali pafupi 300 Km. Apa izo akaganizira yaikulu, kotero maboti wokhazikika kwa chiwerengero lalikulu la asilikali analibe. Mbali yaikulu anakakamizika kudutsa malire a Dnieper amatanthauza pa dzanja. Anawoloka mtsinje pa mosintha anapeza mabwato ophera nsomba, Hiramu anatumiza zinawonongeka, anagogoda pamodzi ku mitengo, matabwa, makungwa a mitengo ndi ngakhale ng'oma.

Osati pa nkhani linali funso mmene kunyamula kwa zosiyana gombe zimagalimoto. Ndipotu ambiri mwa bridgeheads ake sanathe kubweretsa zedi lamanja, nchifukwa chake katundu waukulu ankawoloka Dnieper anagwa pa mapewa a mayunitsi asilikali oyenda. Izi zilili zinachititsa kuti nkhondoyo yaitali ndiponso kuchuluka kwambiri zomvetsa pa mbali ya asilikali Soviet.

kukakamiza

Potsiriza tsiku linafika pamene asilikali mwina anasamukira ku tingalimbanirane. Iwo anayamba kuwoloka wa Dnieper. Tsiku loyamba mozemba kuwoloka mtsinje - September 22, 1943. Ndiye, ndipo anatengedwa kufalikira, ili m'mphepete bwino. Ichi chinali Malo confluence a mitsinje awiri - Pripyat ndi Dnepr, yomwe inali kumpoto kwa kutsogolo. Makumi anai, gawo la Voronezh Front, ndi wachitatu Panzer Army pafupifupi nthawi yomweyo anatha kukwaniritsa ziyenda m'dera la kum'mwera kwa Kiev.

Patapita masiku 2, malo lotsatira ili kugombe la kumadzulo, analandidwa. Pa nthawi imeneyi chinachitika pafupi Dneprodzerzhinsk. Patapita masiku wina 4, asilikali a Soviet bwinobwino mtsinje m'dera la Kremenchug. Choncho, pofika kumapeto kwa mwezi wa ku khundu banki ya Dnieper Mtsinje inakhazikitsidwa 23 bridgehead. Ena laling'ono kwambiri moti m'lifupi wawo akayamba 10 Km ndi akuya Km 1-2 yokha.

Nkosafuna Kuoloka kwa Dnieper anagwirizira 12 makamu Soviet. Kuti mwanjira kumwazikana moto lolemera, opangidwa ndi zida zankhondo German, iwo unalengedwa bridgeheads zambiri zonyenga. Cholinga chawo chinali yesezera misa kuwoloka.

Kukakamiza Dnieper Soviet asilikali - ndiye chitsanzo momveka bwino ungwazi. Ine ndiyenera kunena kuti asilikali anagwiritsa ntchito ngakhale mwayi pang'ono kuwoloka kupita kutsidya lina. Anawoloka mtsinje pa luso aliwonse, zomwe mwina kukhala pa madzi. Asilikali anataya katundu wolemera, zonse zili pansi pa moto katundu mdani. Anakhoza kupeza ankamvetsa mu bridgeheads anagonjetsedwa kale, kwenikweni m'manda mu nthaka ku matenda a zida zankhondo German. Komanso, asilikali a Soviet yokutidwa moto awo nyonga zatsopano amene anabwera kwa iye kuti athandizidwe.

bridgeheads chitetezo

asilikali German mwaukali kumbuyo maudindo awo, ntchito zamphamvu kauntala aliyense kuwoloka pa. Cholinga chawo chachikulu chinali kuwononga magulu ankhondo poti monga katundu magalimoto oti muli nazo zida kuwafika banki lamanja la mtsinje.

Kuwoloka poyera ndi nthenda yaikulu mpweya. zoponya mabomba German zipolopolo pa anthu pamadzi, komanso mayunitsi asilikali, ili pamtunda. Pa chiyambi cha zochita za ndege Soviet anali osati wa bungwe. Koma pamene izo zinapangidwa kalunzanitsidwe ndi ena mphamvu nthaka, kuwoloka chitetezo ya mwakale.

Zochita za Soviet Army analephera. Kukakamiza Dnieper Mtsinje mu 1943 zinachititsa kuti kulanda anthu bridgeheads m'mbali mdani. Aukali ndewu lonse la October, komabe anagwira ku madera German anali kufooka, ndipo ena kukodzedwa. asilikali Soviet opulumutsidwa mphamvu zawo kwa nagonjetsa lotsatira.

ungwazi

Choncho anathetsa Kuoloka kwa Dnieper. Zimphona Soviet Union - ndi mutu kwambiri wolemekezeka anali kupereka mu 2438 kamodzi asilikali amene anamenya nkhondo ya. Nkhondo ya Dnieper - chitsanzo cha wolimba mtima kwambiri komanso nsembe kukuonetsedwa asilikali Soviet ndi alonda. Izi alidi mphoto yaikulu inali chabe nthawi ya Wamkulu zosonyeza kukonda nkhondo.