Photo ndi mbiri Artura Konan Doyle. mfundo zosangalatsa

Kumene, pamene dzina la zikumveka Artura Konan Doyle, ambiri nthawi yomweyo anati chifanizo cha wotchuka Sherlock Holmes, amene analenga mmodzi wa alembi wamkulu wa chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi ndi zaka makumi awiri. Komabe, pang'ono kudziwa kuti wolemba ndi ngwazi chitsutso lonse alipodi mpikisano aukali, imene wanzeru ofufuza kangapo mwankhanza anawononga cholembera. Komanso sizikudziwika kuti ambiri owerenga mmene zosiyanasiyana komanso wofuna moyo anali Doyle, mmene ambiri anasankha kuti mabuku ndi anthu onse. The zachilendo moyo wa wolemba wina dzina lake Arthur Conan Doyle, chidwi mbiri mfundo, masiku, etc. amene timapemphera mu m'nkhani ino.

Childhood wa wolemba tsogolo

Arthur Conan Doyle anabadwa pa May 22, 1859 mu banja la chithunzicho. Malo obadwira - mzinda wa Edinburgh, Scotland. Ngakhale mfundo yakuti banja Doyle ku mavuto chifukwa aakulu uchidakwa mutu wa banja, mnyamata anakulira mwaluso ndiponso ophunzira. Chikondi mabuku wakhala katemera ana aang'ono, pamene amake a Arthur, Mary maola ambiri kuuza mwana wanu zosiyanasiyana nkhani, tikaona mabuku. A zosiyanasiyana zinthu kuyambira ali mwana, mabuku ambiri kuwerenga ndi erudition anatsogolera patsogolo, umene unachitikira Artur Konan Doyle. Mwachidule yonena za wolemba lopambana ili.

Maphunziro ndi ntchito zisankho

Maphunziro a wolemba tsogolo analipira abale olemera. Iye anaphunzira loyamba kusukulu ya Akatolika, ndiye iye anasamutsidwa kuti Stonyhurst, kumene kuphunzira inali kwambiri moti ndi wotchuka chifukwa chikhalidwe zake zikuluzikulu. maphunziro apamwamba pa nthawi yomweyo alibe kuchepetsa zovuta kukhala lanu mu malo awa - mu bungwe maphunziro ndi kuchita mwachangu aakulu ogwirika chilango, amene pansi ana onse mopanda tsankho.

Yogonera komweko, ngakhale zovuta za moyo, izo zakhala malo Arthur anazindikira chilakolako chake kwa chilengedwe cha ntchito mabuku ndi luso kuchita malonda. Pa nthawi imeneyo zinali molawirira kwambiri kulankhula za talente, koma ngakhale ndiye wolemba m'tsogolo anasonkhana anzawo a kampani, wofunitsitsa zatsopano nkhani ya mnzakeyo luso.

Pakutha maphunziro ku koleji Doyle mbacita kuzindikira - anafalitsa magazini kwa ophunzira analemba zambiri za ndakatulo, amene wakhala ankalandira mkulu chilemekezo mwa ophunzira ndi aphunzitsi. Kuwonjezera kulemba mwauchidakwa, Arthur bwinobwino katswiri Cricket, ndiyeno pamene anasamukira kwa kanthawi Germany, ndi zina zolimbitsa thupi monga mpira wamiyendo ndi Masewera a Luge.

Pamene iye anali kusankha zimene chivomerezo kuti, anayenera incomprehension pa mbali ya banja lake. Native kuyembekezera kuti mnyamata mapazi a makolo ake luso, koma Arthur mwadzidzidzi anadwala chidwi mankhwala ndi pa mfundo ya amalume ake ndipo iye analowa University of Edinburgh ku mphamvu ya Medicine. Kumeneko anakumana ndi mphunzitsi zokhudza zachipatala Joseph Bell, yemwe anali zinachitika kwa chilengedwe tsogolo la fano la wotchuka Sherlock Holmes. Doctor wa Science Bell inali khalidwe zovuta ndi chodabwitsa nzeru kuti kumulola molondola oterewa anthu ndi maonekedwe awo.

Doyle banja anali ndi ana ambiri, ndi kuwonjezera Arthur, izo zinabweretsa ana sikisi. The bambo panthawiyo anali wopenga, ndipo palibe amene anali kwenikweni kupeza, monga mayi uja amamizidwa thupi lonse mu maphunziro a ana. Choncho, wolemba tsogolo anaphunzira kwambiri amalanga mathamangitsidwe, ndipo mwaulere nthawi odzipereka ganyu dokotala kuthandiza.

Popeza pa msinkhu wa zaka makumi awiri, Arthur umabwerera kwa amafuna kulemba. Kuyambira wake cholembera kunja zingapo yochepa nkhani zina zomwe kudzachitika kusindikiza odziwika magazini. Arthur Mzimu mwayi kupeza kudzera m'mabuku, ndipo akupitiriza kulemba ndi ofalitsa kupereka zipatso za ntchito yawo, nthawi zambiri bwinobwino. Nkhani yoyamba kusindikizidwa Artura Konan Doyle anakhala "Zinsinsi Sesassa Valley" ndi "Nkhani ya American."

Medical yonena Artura Konan Doyle: wolemba ndi dokotala

Wambiri Artura Konan Doyle, banja, malo, zosiyanasiyana kusintha zosayembekezereka ndi ntchito ina yapadera. Choncho, atalandira mu 1880 mwatsatanetsatane kuti atenge malo a dokotala adakwera m'chombo otchedwa "Hope," Arthur anayamba ulendo zaka zopitirira 7 miyezi. Ndiyamika chinthu chachilendo chidwi akubwera nkhani ina, lotchedwa "Captain" wa North Star. "

Zinthu ulendo wothira ludzu zilandiridwenso ndi kukonda ntchito, ndipo pa mapeto a University of Arthur Conan Doyle anakonza dokotala adakwera m'chombo mwangofikira pakati pa Liverpool ndi gombe African West. Komabe, ziribe kanthu momwe wokongola kunapezeka miyezi isanu ndi ulendo ku Arctic, kotero n'kulakwa anali otentha Africa kwa iye. Choncho, posakhalitsa anasiya ngalawa ndi kubwerera ku ntchito mpandawo ku England monga dokotala.

Mu 1882, Arthur Conan Doyle amayamba ntchito yake yoyamba zachipatala Portsmouth. Poyamba, chifukwa cha ochepa makasitomala zinthu Arthur kachiwiri osamukira ku mbali ya mabuku, ndi kuwala pali nkhani zoterezi pa nthawi imeneyi ndi "Blumensdayksky chigwa" ndi "nthabwala April waopusa." Izo zinali mu Portsmouth Arthur akukumana chikondi chake choyamba - Elmu Wealden, kumene ngakhale Mukwatira, koma chifukwa cha zoipa yaitali awiri akusankha kuchoka. zaka zonse wotsatira, Arthur anapitiriza kuthamangira pakati pa ntchito awiri - mankhwala ndi mabuku.

Ukwati ndi zolembalemba yojambula

Fateful anali pempho la mnzake Pike kuona mtima umodzi, wodwala ndi meninjaitisi. Kuti kunapezeka kuti mtima, koma kumuyang'ana iye anali chifukwa chibwenzi mlongo wake dzina lake Louise, lomwe kale mu 1885, Arthur ankaimba ukwati.

Atakwatira kutchuka novice olemba anayamba kukula bwinobwino. Iye anakhala mabuku pang'ono bwino magazini yofanana ndi ndimafuna kulenga chinachake chachikulu ndi lalikulu limene mwakhala pamtima owerenga ndi kwafika mabuku kwa zaka zambiri. Mu buku limeneli linali "Phunziro mlangali", lofalitsidwa mu 1887 ndi Woyamba anafika ku dziko la Sherlock Holmes. Malinga ndi Doyle kwambiri kulemba buku zinali mosavuta kuposa kukwaniritsa kufalitsa ake. Kufunafuna anthu amene akufuna buku anatenga pafupifupi zaka zitatu. Amalipiritsa kwa chilengedwe yoyamba anali mapaundi 25.

Mu 1887, khalidwe wopanduka wa Arthur kumafuna iye ulendo watsopano - kuphunzira ndi kukhulupirira mizimu. A malangizo latsopano chidwi kudzoza kwa nkhani latsopano, makamaka, ndi za ofufuza wotchuka.

The kupikisana ndi khalidwe lake zolembalemba analenga

Pambuyo "Phunziro mlangali" adaona kuwala kwa ntchito yakuti "Zopatsa Chidwi cha Miheya Klarka," ndi "The White Company". Komabe, olowa mu moyo ndi owerenga, ndi ofalitsa Sherlock Holmes nafunsa kachiwiri kwa masamba. An kutsogolera zina kupitiriza nkhani ya ofufuza anadziwa Oscar Wilde ndi mkonzi wa munthu magazini otchuka amene azitengapo Pokopa Doyle kupitiriza kulemba za Sherlock Holmes. Kotero kuti "Lippinkots Magazine" magazini pali "Chizindikiro cha anayi."

Mu zaka wotsatira, akuponyera pakati kudzinenera kukhala chofala kwambiri. Arthur wasankha kuyamba ochita maso ndipo anapita Vienna maphunziro. Komabe, pambuyo pa miyezi inai ya khama, iye amazindikira kuti simuli okonzeka kukhala katswiri Chijeremani ndi kuthera nthawi zina malangizo latsopano zochiritsira. Anabwerera ku England ndi lofalitsidwa angapo nkhani yochepa zoyenera Sherlock Holmes.

Kusankha kotsiriza ntchito

Pambuyo matenda aakulu ndi fuluwenza, amene Doyle pafupi kufa aganiza zosiya kuchita mankhwala muyaya ndi nthawi zake zonse mabuku, makamaka popeza kutchuka kwa nkhani zake komanso mabuku pa nthawi imeneyo anali pa chimake. Choncho zachipatala yonena Artura Konan Doyle, amene mabuku anakhala zambiri wotchuka, zinatha.

Wosindikiza "chingwe" kuti alembe wina mndandanda wa nkhani Holmes, koma Doyle, kumverera wotopa ndipo sakusangalala ndi wosangalatsa ngwazi anafunsa ija £ 50 chiyembekezo oona mtima kuti wofalitsa adzataya moyo wotere mgwirizano. Komabe, "chingwe" zinasaina pangano kuchuluka koyenera, ndipo afika nthano zake zisanu ndi chimodzi. Owerenga ndikuzikonda izo.

Zotsatirazi nkhani asanu a Arthur Conan Doyle, wofalitsa sizigulitsidwa mapaundi 1000. Hayala "kugula" pa malipiro apamwamba ndipo kukhala openga pa Holmes pokhala kumbuyo kwa iye sanaone analenga zikuluzikulu, Doyle wasankha "zopha" ofufuza zonse okondedwa. Imodzi ndi ntchito pa "chingwe" Doyle analemba amalowa, ndi chochitika ichi Mzimu Iye zambiri. Komabe, "imfa" Holmes simunabwere naye wosangalala kuyembekezera. zoyesayesa Komanso kulenga chidutswa wamakhalidwe anagonjetsedwa, ndipo Arthur kwambiri anaganizira funso ngati angachite kulenga chinachake wabwino, koma nkhani za Holmes?

Mu nthawi yomweyo, Artur Konan Doyle ndi chidwi chowerenga nkhani pa mabuku amene ali otchuka kwambiri.

mkazi Arthur ndi Louise anali kudwala kwambiri, pankhani imeneyi, olondera nkhani ankayenera kuti anasiya. Pofunafuna nyengo yabwino kwambiri chifukwa iwo anali mu Igupto, kukhala sizidzakumbukiridwa osasamala masewera Cricket, akuyenda mu Cairo ndi kuvulala analandira chifukwa cha Arthur akugwa pa kavalo.

Kuuka Holmes, kapena kuthana ndi chikumbumtima

Atabwerera ku England Doyle banja amavutikira ndalama chifukwa cha maloto anazindikira - yomanga kwawo. Kutuluka vuto mawu a zachuma, Arthur Conan Doyle anaganiza kuthana ndi chikumbumtima chawo ndi kukwezedwa Sherlock Holmes mu masamba a kusewera watsopano, amene analandira mwansangala ndi anthu. Ndiye, mu ntchito zambiri watsopano Doyle pamaso pafupifupi yosaoneka kuonekera sawakonda iwo ofufuza, ndi bwino kuti kulibe umene wolemba anali akadali kuti mulimbane.

Indian chilimwe

Arthur Conan Doyle ankaona kwambiri makhalidwe munthu ndi mfundo olimba, ndipo pali zambiri umboni kuti mkazi wake, iye sanasinthe. Komabe, iye sakanatha kuthawa chikondi mwankhanza ndi mtsikana wina - Dzhin Lekki. Pa nthawi yomweyo, ngakhale amphamvu chikondi ubwenzi izo, iwo anakwatira patapita zaka khumi pokhapokha naye, pamene iye anafa ndi matenda a mkazi wake.
Gene anamuuza akucheza watsopano - kusaka ndi nyimbo makalasi, komanso zimakhudza zina ntchito mabuku a wolemba amene nkhani akhala zochepa pachimake, koma matupi komanso chozama.

Nkhondo, andale, ntchito chikhalidwe

Doyle moyo zina amalembedwa mwa nawo Boer nkhondo, kumene adapita kuphunzira nkhondo moyo weniweniwo Komabe, monga dokotala kumunda, amapulumutsa moyo wa msilikali si kwa oopsa mabala nkhondo, koma kwa imamenyedwa malungo ndi malungo.

ntchito mabuku a wolemba anadzidziŵikitsa kumasuka buku latsopano za Sherlock Holmes "posakasaka wa Baskervilles" limene iye anadalitsidwa ndi funde latsopano chikondi owerenga, komanso milandu kuba lingaliro kwa bwenzi lake Fletcher Robinson. Komabe, iwo sanali zikutsimikiziridwa ndi kulemera kwa umboni.

Mu 1902, Doyle kamakhala knighted, malinga ndi zimene mabuku ena amanena - chifukwa cha kuphunzira mu Boer nkhondo, pa ena - chifukwa cha kuphunzira m'mabuku. Mu nthawi yomweyo, Arthur Conan Doyle akufuna kuzindikira okha malamulo amene anasiya mbiri za zotentheka chipembedzo chake.

Malo ofunika a ntchito chikhalidwe Doyle anachita litigation ndi postsudebnyh Kuthi monga malangizo a mlandu. Pamaziko a zinachitikira apindulira pogwira kulemba nkhani Sherlock Holmes, iye anatha kutsimikizira kusalakwa a anthu angapo amene anapanga chopereka chidwi kuti kutchuka kwa dzina lake.

Yogwira zandale ndiponso malo a mawu Arthur Conan Doyle wa chakuti iwo ananeneratu ambiri masitepe mphamvu kwambiri mu chimango cha First World nkhondo. Ngakhale mfundo yakuti wake maganizo kunaoneka ndi anthu ambiri kukhala chipatso cha wolemba m'maganizo, ambiri maganizo matupi. Mbiri anazindikira mfundo n'chakuti zinali Doyle anali anayambitsa kumanga njira yotulukira mu English Channel.

malangizo oyenera: zamatsenga, zamizimu

Mu World nkhondo Doyle iye nawo mongodzipereka Corps ndipo anayamba maganizo kusintha chivomerezocho wa asilikali a dziko. anthu ambiri pafupi ndi iye anafa mu nkhondo, kuphatikizapo m'bale, mwana kuchokera ukwati wake woyamba, asuweni ake awiri ndi nephews. zomvetsa Zimenezi zinachititsa kuti adzabweranso chidwi posonyeza zamizimu, kukwezedwa amene Doyle anakhala masiku onse a moyo.

Wolemba anamwalira pa July 7, 1930 ku angina, izi zinachititsa kuti chidwi zonse zodabwitsa zodabwitsa moyo akutembenukira yonena Artura Konan Doyle. Photos wolemba decorates imodzi mwa mpanda wa London laibulale wotchuka, akupitiriza kukumbukira izo. Chidwi moyo mlengi wa Sherlock Holmes suzimitsidwa, ndi lero. Short yonena Artura Konan Doyle mu English nthawi zonse m'gulu mabuku mabuku British.