"Chachirendo nkhondo" - uyu ... "akathyali nkhondo" wa 1939-1940. pa Front Western

Nkhondo Yachiwiri ya World lagawidwa ndi kuchuluka kwa nthawi. Pa chiyambi cha nkhondo ya, ngakhale kuti Britain ndi France ayamba kumenyana pa Germany, ndi Nkhondo m'ziwawa sizinachitike kufalitsidwa. Choyamba, kumadzulo, kenako M'nkhani ya mu historiography dziko ankatchedwa "nkhondo yachilendo".

Zikamera akuti

Mawu akuti "wabodza nkhondo" - amamasulira ufulu wa American journalistic cliché akathyali nkhondo. Mawu akuti anaonekera atolankhani US mu masiku oyambirira a nkhondo European. The pomasulira mawu akuti - onyenga kapena yabodza nkhondo.

Kamodzi Germany, anayamba kulamulira, Adolf Hitler, anayamba mfundo za kugwirizana kwa mayiko anthu Chijeremani ambiri. Mu 1938, ulamuliro wa Hitler anagwirizana ndi Austria. Patapita miyezi ingapo izo anagwiritsidwa Sudetenland ku Czechoslovakia.

Zochita aukali a Hitler mantha anansi ake. Poland anali pafupi asokonekera. Malinga ndi zotsatira za First World nkhondo , iye analandira zigawo wakale German, amene analola dziko kuwafika Baltic Sea. Mfumu inalamula kubwerera ya mayiko amenewa. Boma Polish wakana kupita ku zokambirana woyandikana nyumba. Chitetezo wamkulu Warsaw boma analowa mgwirizano ndi France ndi England. Malinga ndi chikalata latsopano, mayiko amayenera kubwera kwa thandizo la Poland mu mwambo mokwiya German.

Nkhondo anali kudikira nthawi yaitali. September 1939 1 , Germany atalanda Poland. Patapita masiku awiri, France ndi Britain kulengeza nkhondo pa ulamuliro wa Hitler malinga ndi mapangano ndi Warsaw. Mu Poland tidayembekeza kuti thandizo la ogwirizana Western zimalepheretsa magulu ambiri German. Ndipotu zonse kunapezeka sizitero.

Siegfried mzere

oimira Polish ku London ndi Paris analimbikitsa ogwirizana ndi kuyamba mwamsanga onse-amanyansidwa kuteteza Germany kulanda kanthu njira. Pasanapite nthawi zinadziwika kuti Britain ndi France ngakhale anakonza utheke ngati chiyambi cha nkhondo zikuluzikulu. "Akathyali nkhondo" zikusonyezedwa kuwala zoipa.

akazembe anagwirizana mu September oyambirira anaganiza kuti milungu ina iwiri adzakhala yolimbikitsa, kenako French kuti aukire pa Siegfried. Ilo linali dzina la dongosolo zikuluzikulu za malinga, yomwe inamangidwa mu dera la kumadzulo kwa Germany. makilomita 630 mzere wa chitetezo zinali zofunika pofuna kuteteza dziko ku nagonjetsa French. Panali kulimbitsa konkire, komanso nyumba zofunika kutetezela akasinja ndi oyenda.

mzere Maginot

France komanso ali mzere yake ya chitetezo, anamanga vuto la nkhondo ndi Germany. Iwo ankatchedwa Maginot Line. Ndi pa malire awa anaima asilikali imachitika mpaka "nkhondo chabodza." Ichi chinali chosemphana ndi malonjezo a Zitsulo pa thandizo mwakhama polimbana ndi dziko la Germany.

Lamulo German adasamutsidwa malire ake kumadzulo 43 magawano. Iwo anali kudziteteza bola agonje kwa Poland. Mu Germany moyenerera agwirizana kuti nkhondo ziŵiri adzakhala wolemera kwambiri dziko.

Choncho, njira yokha France kuthandiza Poland kukhazikitsa ndi zolawula pa gawo yopapatiza kwa malire ndi ulamuliro wa Hitler. Mu Paris, sakanakhoza kuti kupita asilikali kudzera Belgium ndi Netherlands, chifukwa chochita zimenezi linaphwanya chosalowerera ananena. Choncho, mphamvu yaikulu German anaikidwa pa 144-kilometre Tambasula la mtsinje Mosel ku Rhine. Siegfried mzere apa anali atazungulira minefields. Zinali pafupifupi angaloŵe mzere.

Chilichonse cha ogwirizana ndi

Mpaka September 17 "nkhondo chabodza" - ndi ndewu m'dera pakati pa maiko awiri m'madera zochepa. Anauka pafupifupi zokha ndipo alibe mphamvu pa zinthu chonse kutsogolo. yolimbikitsa French anachedwa chifukwa obsolescence a dongosolo ambiri usilikali. Kulemba anthu usilikali alibe nthawi ngakhale kudali koyamba maphunziro ukufunika kuti adzapulumuke pa nkhondo. Chifukwa china pochedwetsa isanayambike Paris anali kulephera kwa UK mwamsanga kusamutsa asilikali Africa lapansi. "Akathyali nkhondo" chinakhalapo mpaka Poland anali kutenga mzinda pambuyo m'tawuni. Pa September 17, monga nkhondo ya USSR, ndiye Republic potsiriza inagwa, sandwiched pakati aggressors awiri. Pa nthawi imeneyi, "wabodza nkhondo" pa Western Front sanam'bweretsere Germany palibe mavuto: The ulamuliro wa Hitler ankachita nawo methodically kugonjetsa anansi chitetezo. Pambuyo ntchito ya Poland anayamba ntchito ndi Denmark ndi Norway.

Saar zolawula

Pakali pano, French potsiriza anapezerapo kuukira, lomwe anadziwika mu historiography ngati Saar. Zinali gawo la msonkhano, omwe ndi "wabodza nkhondo." Khama la dongosolo ntchito anagwa pa mapewa a Gustave Gamelin. asilikali French patsogolo kwambiri sabata loyamba makilomita 20-30 yekha.

French m'ziwawa amanyansidwa anali kuyamba pa 20 September. Komabe, pa 17 ndi, anaganiza kusuntha chifukwa cha zinthu wosimidwa la Poland. Ndipotu Western adani anagonja, osati kuyamba nkhondo yaikulu yolimbana ndi Ulamuliro wa Nazi, manja wosamangidwa Hitler, amene mosavuta mlandu wawo kumadera ena kuti mapeto ake ndi zomveka. Izi zinali zotsatira, amene anatsogolera "wabodza nkhondo". Khama la theka mtima yokopa ogwirizana ndi mu US, kumene atolankhani anakwiya passivity la France ndi Great Britain.

Plan "Gelb"

Choyamba Germany linakhazikitsa potsimikizira-zolawula pa 16 October. Pa ntchito imeneyi, French adasiya zonse unatenga malo ochepa ndipo anali kumbuyo kumayambiriro kwa Maginot Line. Patapita nthawi, komabe anapitirira chimodzimodzi "wabodza nkhondo." Kodi izo kuyesera kuyankha azambiriyakale ambiri kale mu yamtendere. Iwo onse anazindikira kuti mkhalidwe kutsogolo zinasintha pamene Wehrmacht anayamba kukhazikitsa dongosolo "Gelb". Zinali opareshoni Nkhondoyo zikuluzikulu za Belgium, Netherlands ndi France. "Wabodza nkhondo" zinatha tsiku la nagonjetsa German (May 10, 1940). tanthauzo limeneli anali atathana miyezi yowerengeka a m'mayikowo chilichonse. Panthawi imeneyi, Germany anakhoza akathyole ndi mayiko angapo a ku Ulaya ndi kukapempha kumbuyo kwake, kuyamba zikuluzikulu nkhondo ndi France, imene inatha June 22, 1940 kusaina wa Armistice Compiegne. Malinga ndi chikalata ichi, France linatengedwa.