Ivan Gonta: yonena

Ivan Gonta - mmodzi wa kanjedza chapadera cha mbiri Chiyukireniya. dzina lake chizindikiro ya kulimbana kwa ufulu wa dziko. Chifanizo cha ngwazi yadziko mokwanira anafotokoza mu ndakatulo T. G. Shevchenko "Haydamaky". Information za otchuka kugalukira ndakatulo anafuna mu nkhani wowerengeka ndi nthano, imene zochita khalidwe anali Ivan Gonta.

yonena

Information za kubadwa kwa Ivan woumira kwambiri. Amadziwika kuti anabadwa m'mudzi wa Rossoshka, amene panopa lili ku dera Cherkassy. Makolo ake anali serfs. Tsiku lenileni la kubadwa kwake akadali sanaidziwe, koma ofufuza amaipidwa kuchokera 1740. Pa zaka oyambirira Ivan Gonta, kudzera khama lake, anali asilikali Cossack wa Court magnate Potocki, amene panthawiyo anali mwini mtheradi wa Uman. Ngakhale chiyambi chake otsika, Ivan anali ophunzira bwino. Chapamwamba umwini wa chinenero Polish, kutchuka ndi luso gulu inakhala maziko a Kukwezeleza mofulumira. Mu 1757, mwana m'mphawi anali osankhidwa Kenturiyo wa asilikali Court Potocki.

trasti

Ophunzira ndi luso wamng'ono Cossack anafotokoza magnate Potocki. Ndipo posachedwapa mu msasa akulankhula za latsopano Myang'aniri wa Zithunzi, amene anakhala Ivan Gonta. Outbuildings Cossacks, mwina ankadandaula ngati patsogolo mbadwa ya makalasi m'munsi. Earl anabweretsa pafupifupi subordination wake wa olemekezeka ndi kuikidwa pansi pa lamulo la bwanamkubwa wa Uman. Pa utumiki wake Ivan Gonta mu 1755 makolo kumudzi kwawo ndi m'mudzi woyandikana Rossoshka Odarovku. Panthawiyo, achibale ake onse ankakhala Rossoshka: mayi, mkazi, ndi ana. Banja la ana anayi akuluakulu ndi mwana wamwamuna. Mwini m'midzi anamupatsa phindu zlotys 20 zikwi chaka -. A ndalama olimba kwambiri masiku amenewo.

Gaunt ndi chikhulupiriro

phindu lalikulu kutumikira Mulungu mokhulupirika Potocki sanathe kumana Kenturiyo ndi zikhulupiriro yekha ndipo sichinali chida mu manja a anthu ena. Ivan Gonta analibe maganizo chilakolako cha Zitsulo wokakamiza Chikatolika ndi anthu Orthodox a Ukraine. Pa zopereka wake anamanga zazikulu Orthodox mu kumudzi kwawo, ndi banja otchedwa Kenturiyo churchwarden - kuti ndalama zawo anamangidwira ndi utoto kutamandira Cross mpingo mzinda Volodarka. Icho chinali mu mpingo anasunga izi zojambula pakhoma, chimene chimafotokoza Ivan Gonta. Photo Kenturiyo, Tingaone mu mabuku amakono, izo atachotsedwa chithunzi.

Posachedwapa I. Gaunt unadziwika ngati munthu amene kuteteza chikhulupiriro chikale. Iye anali anapita ndi nthumwi za mipingo Orthodox ochokera konsekonse Ukraine. thandizo chilengedwe wakonza umunthu zodziŵika, amene kunathandiza yaikulu pa zolinga ndi maganizo a anthu a makalasi Chiyukireniya.

Haydamaky

Pakutha May 1768 kuti Uman atamva mphekesera za misa kugalukira Haidamaks, amene anali kuyang'anira limakhulupirira Zhelezniak. Iwo anatenga m'tawuni akutiakuti, pang'onopang'ono kufika Uman. Rafał Mladanovich bwanamkubwa wa Uman, anakakamizika kanthu mwamphamvu kulimbitsa mzinda. Iye anatseka chipata chachikulu, mlonda analowa mosamala kufufuzidwa onse amene ankafuna n'kukalowa mumzindawo. Mu msewu panali ambiri ankhondo a Cossacks, malo omwe ali pa Uman. Kuchepetsa mosavuta wosakhulupirika, Mladanovich Cossacks amakakamizidwa alumbire kuti azimvera Potocki.

Gaunt ndi Zhelezniak

Mwa dongosolo la kazembe tikalowe asilikali kukakumana opandukawo. Koma ntchito asilikali awo monga kazembe wa alonda Polish analephera. Near mudzi wa Sokolovka anakumana Ivan Gonta limakhulupirira Zheleznyak. Pambuyo pa nkhani, ndi Cossacks lankhosa akazembe ake ndi kulumikiza opanduka. Pophatikizana chomaliza cha magulu awiri ankhondo 18 June 1768 kunachitika pansi Uman makoma. Opandukawo anaganiza kukathyola mzinda.

Uman tsoka

Uman kutenga unatha pafupi wina ndi theka masiku. The chitetezo cha mzindawo ayenela militias, amene ofooka anali mikono yaing'ono. Kamodzi ananyoza pa mfuti onse a linga anazungulira mu utsi, kupanga chophimba wandiweyani. Anapezerapo mwayi uwu, opandukawo bwinobwino anadzasokoneza mpanda wolimba makoma ndipo analowa mumzindawo. The mitembo zotsatira zinali zoopsa.

Haydamaky anapha Zitsulo, Ayuda Ruthenians, yosalekerera ngakhale anthu okalamba, kapena akazi. Malinga ndi pakuona moyo, magazi a anthu amene anaphedwa unatsanuliridwa pa pakhomo la nyumba zawo ndi akachisi ndi kuchucha m'misewu. Malinga ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana, afa tsiku limenelo anthu awiri zikwi makumi awiri.

Wapolisiyo Gaunt

Atakhala Uman ambiri ankaopa kubwezera ndi yomweyo anasiya tithe mwa opandukawo. Gonta Ivan ndi Zhelezniak limakhulupirira unachitikira akulu onse. Kusankha ambiri anapatsidwa lamulo la asilikali kupanduka. Limakhulupirira Zhelezniak - Hetman wa asilikali watsopano, ndi Ivan Gonta - msilikali. Mu madera pansi pa ulamuliro wopanduka, kuthetsa udindo ntchito, malamulo okhazikika Cossack ndi miyambo. Atsogoleri a gulu kupanduka anayesetsa kufalitsa malingaliro awo mu Ukraine.

Kusakhulupirika ndi imfa

The lonse la chiwembu la kwambiri kusokonezedwa boma la Russia Ufumu. Mu malamulo a Catherine II kukumana opandukawo anasamukira asilikali msilikali Guryev. Vtershis kukhulupirira opanduka, iye azungulira asilikali Cossack ndi akazembe ake analandidwa. Ivana Gontu chinaperekedwa kwa Poland, ndi limakhulupirira Zhelezniak analamulidwa kuti imfa ndi gudumu. Komabe patapita Mfumukazi alowa m'malo chiweruzo ndi kumutumiza kutumikira yakalavula gaga.

Ivana Gontu chinaperekedwa kwa akuluakulu Polish. Pambuyo wozunzikirapo, umene unatenga masiku khumi, Gaunt adatsutsika khoti wapadera, wopangidwa mwa wansembe ndi agulupa atatu. Iye analamulidwa kuti imfa imene anali limodzi ndi kuzunzika kowopsya - quartering, ukuchoka khungu, ndi zinthu zina. Pa tsiku lachitatu, poyamikira kulimba mtima Cossack korona hetman Ksaveriy Branitsky Gonta analamula kudula mutu wake ndi zosowa kulimba mtima ndi mphamvu alamulidwa. Alamulidwa anafa July 13, 1768. Zotsalira za ngwazi yadziko anali kukhomedwa zokoloweka mu mizinda 14 Ukraine.

dziko Chiyukireniya mobwerezabwereza wodetsedwa ndi mwazi wa zipolowe otchuka, koma kukumbukira Ivan Gonta ndi Maksim Zheleznyaki anatsala ku nthano, m'Chiarabu wa anthu Chiyukireniya.