Kaswili wa mandible anthu. Mtunda thunthu la mano a nsagwada chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi

Pakati pa ziwalo zina zofunika kwambiri m'thupi la munthu lili ndi mano. Aliyense ali ndi dongosolo lolozeka ndi kukachita ntchito yeniyeni. Kodi dzino ndi chapamwamba ya mano? ndi thunthu la mandible chiyani? Mu awa ndi zina zokhudza ya kapangidwe ka mano, tiyenera kumvetsa.

General zokhudza mano

Mu munthu wamkulu m'kamwa zambiri zingakhale za mano 28 32. Iwo maphunziro apadera, ndi dongosolo zovuta. Mbali yapadziko lapansi ya lililonse dzino amatchedwa korona. Mmodzi mwa zigawo zake ndi dentin - zovuta calcified zinthu zimene alibe Mitsempha. Kuchokera pamwamba ndi lokutidwa dzino enamel. Iwo amachita monga chipolopolo zoteteza akunja.

Mbali zobisika za dzino - muzu. Izo aikidwa mu recess la fupa lake, nayitana alveoli. Pa muzu, nayenso, ndi dentin. Limafotokoza wosanjikiza simenti kudzera amene dzino umachitika mu recess cha pachibwano. Bone mapangidwe mkati chipinda zamkati wapangidwa ndi mitsempha, ziwiya ndi zofewa connective minofu.

Mitundu ndi ntchito mano

Kaswili wa mandible ndi maxilla subdivides fupa mapangidwe, zomwe zili M'mimbamo m'kamwa kwa mitundu yambiri:

• muzu lalikulu (molars);
• kutsogolo (incisors);
• conical (canines);
• premolars (premolars).

Mano ntchito zingapo zofunika. Choyamba, iwo amapereka mawotchi processing chakudya. Chifukwa mano anthu kukhoza bwino chakudya. Kachiwiri, nyumba izi fupa zimakhudzidwa mapangidwe kulankhula. Ndi iwo anapanga phokoso osiyana. Chachitatu, mano ndi mbali ya kumwetulira. Iwo amasewera yofunika zokongoletsa udindo.

Mukhozanso kusankha ntchito chibadidwe lililonse dzino payekha. Osema miyala inali kutsogolo M'mimbamo m'kamwa, kupereka slicing chakudya. Zimenezi chisel awo mosabisa pang'ono. Canines ndi ntchito ya onongani ndi misampha ya chakudya, monga ananena mawonekedwe conical. Molars ndi premolars zimakhudzidwa akupera chakudya, chifukwa pamwamba ndi lonse zokwanira.

mano Location pa nsagwada za

The thunthu la chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi nsagwada dentition limasonyeza kuti fupa mapangidwe imakonzedwa mu mawonekedwe a arcs, omwe akhoza kugawidwa mu mbali ziwiri (nusu). nusu limodzi la munthu wamkulu tichipeza mano 8:

• 3 molar;
• 2 tsamba;
• 1 dzino;
• 2 premolar.

Mu anthu ena molars, zomwe zili arches atsopano mano ndipo amatchedwa "nzeru mano" zikusowa. Aliyense nusu analandira si 8, 7 ndi fupa mapangidwe. Chosowa "mano nzeru" - akukhuzidwa. Mu anthu ena iwo tadulidwa zaka 24-26 ndipo amafuna kuchotsa kukula pa mbali yolakwika, pamene ena siziwoneka.

molars chapamwamba

Ngati thunthu la nsagwada chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi, zovuta kwambiri mayunitsi morphological ndi dentition molars anthu dongosolo. Iwo ali mu Chipilala cha mano kumbuyo premolars lapansi. Chapamwamba nsagwada 6 molars - 3 ndi dzino limodzi ndi mbali ina. Akatswiri kusiyanitsa woyamba, wachiwiri ndi wachitatu molars lalikulu.

Waukulu pakati lalikulu dzino muzu - woyamba chapamwamba molar. Iye trehkorennym. Pamwamba molar akukumana mano a mzere moyang'anizana, mawonekedwe ake akhale lalikulu kapena diamondi woboola pakati. Iwo ali protuberance 4 (onse kukwezedwa zotsatirazi anagawa grooves):

• wapotalikira-palatal;
• wapotalikira-buccal;
• medial-buccal;
• mesial-palatal.

The chachiwiri chapamwamba molar osiyana kutafuna pamwamba woyamba. Pa pa 30-40% ya anthu pali 3 tubercle. Mu 5% milandu zimachitika dvuhbugorkovy chapamwamba molar. Pa dzino zambiri zikujambulidwa 3 mizu. Nthawi zina awiriwo zikulire pamodzi.

Wachitatu chapamwamba molar korona yayifupi. Kutafuna pamwamba kungakhale trehbugorkovoy. Mu anthu ena, dzino langa lili 4 phiri. Dvuhbugorkovaya mawonekedwe ali osowa kwambiri. Molar mwina 2, 3, ndi mizu. Nthawi zina pali maphatikizidwe wa iwo.

The molars m'munsi

Mosiyana ndi molars m'munsi mwa chapamwamba kwenikweni mu mawonekedwe a korona. Zimakhala amakona anayi kapena pentagonal. Chinthu china chapadera ndi molars m'munsi mwa chapamwamba - chiwerengero cha mizu. Mu dongosolo Bony ili pansi pali 2 mizu.

Matenda a molars mandibular chiri motere:

1. Pa molar woyamba ali wapotalikira, wapotalikira-lingual, buccal, wapotalikira, medial-lingual ndi mesial-buccal timabamputimabampu.
2. Pa lotsatira lalikulu molar palibe tuberosity wapotalikira. Korona wa chibadidwe chetyrehbugorkovy maonekedwe.
3. Chachitatu molar, lomwe ndi laling'ono kwambiri pa molars la nsagwada m'munsi, 50% ya anthu ali 4 hillocks, 40% - 5. kuli wamba three- kapena shestibugorkovaya kutafuna pamwamba.

The incisors chapamwamba

Bone mapangidwe ili patsogolo pa nsagwada chapamwamba ndipo ndi muzu, wotchedwa incisors chapamwamba. Mwachibadwa, dzino 4 kukhala - 2 2 ndi mbali chapakati. Komabe, madokotala ambiri anakumana ndi edentulous chachikulu (kusowa) wa chapamwamba incisors lateral. Kale, anthu anadyetsedwa chakudya chotafuna. The kuluma chakudya anatenga gawo ndi chapakati ndi lateral incisors. Masiku ano, anthu amadya zakudya lililonse limatisokoneza. Tsopano kuluma chakudya chokwanira mphamvu incisors chapakati. mano ofananira ndi katundu osachepera. Pa nkhani imeneyi, pali kuchepetsa awo.

Korona pa incisors chapakati lonse. Motsogozedwa medio-wapotalikira, m'lifupi ndi za 8-9 mm. Pankhani pamwamba vestibular ndi Dziwani kuti incisors chapamwamba izo zimasiyanasiyana. Matenda a nsagwada m'munsi ndi chapamwamba mano zikusonyeza kuti:

• chapamwamba mano chapakati kungakhale mu mawonekedwe a rectangle ndi kansalu;
• anthu ena mtundu wa incisors chapamwamba ndi mbiya woboola pakati;
• chapamwamba lateral mano zambiri chibadidwe triangular kapena mbiya mawonekedwe.

Palatal padziko incisors chapamwamba kungakhale mosabisa, uniformly concave fosholo (noctuoidea). chikuoneka zimadalira mmene zinthu medial ndi wapotalikira zitunda mmphepete anakafika ku m'munsi korona ku ngodya ya kudula m'mbali mwa mano. Akadaulo a akadaulo ndi pa nestershihsya anaŵerama - kinks ndi tokhala. ripple Izi Mwamsanga pamene mano logwirira ntchito M'mimbamo m'kamwa.

incisors m'munsi

Mano wamng'ono M'mimbamo m'kamwa, ngati thunthu mtunda wa mandible asapatsiridwe incisors. Iwo incisors otsika kukula kwake, lili dentition chapamwamba. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti mu ndondomeko ya raskusyvaniya chakudya mano pansi ntchito wothandiza.

Pa wodula m'munsi nsagwada 4 imakonzedwa - 2 2 ndi mbali chapakati. Mano chapakati amakhala ndi amakona anayi kapena ovoid vestibular pamwamba. Mu incisors lateral ili mtundu wa chinthu cha makona isosceles ndi maziko m'dera la akadaulo ndi pamwamba pomwe khosi la dzino ili.

The lingual padziko incisors m'munsi ndi yosalala, concave. mawonekedwe ndi triangular. Pamodzi m'mbali mwa pamalo lingual mano m'munsi ndi wapotalikira ndi mesial zitunda mmphepete. Iwo sakhala olemera kuposa mu incisors chapamwamba. Ife posachedwapa linaphulika mano zotsogola ndi sinuous. The tokhala kuoneka bwino bwino. Pang'onopang'ono iwo zikawoneka. Akadaulo amakhala yosalala.

The canines chapamwamba

Mtunda thunthu la mano a nsagwada chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi kumaphatikizapo kufufuza canines dongosolo. Lalikulu fupa mapangidwe dongosolo mano kukhala amphamvu ndi yaitali muzu ndi korona odnobugorkovuyu. Chotero Kapangidwe ka mano chapamwamba chifukwa ntchito iwo kuchita.

The canines chapamwamba ili mu malo kupinda chapamwamba mano Chipilala kutsogolo kupita kumbuyo. Vestibular korona pamwamba chibadidwe diamondi mawonekedwe. Ndipo lagona pa wodzigudubuza pakati, umatchedwanso mamelon chapakati. Mu anthu ena ndi bwino kuonekera pamene ena - sadzachitanso kulitchula. Izo ukutha ndi wodzigudubuza apakatikati akugwera phiri, lomwe ndi chizindikiro cha canines lapansi. Pamodzi m'mbali mwa korona alinso mbali mamelons - mesial ndi wapotalikira. Iwo apanga mbali nkhope tuberosity.

kali Palatal kwa canines ndi pang'ono otukukira kunja ndi embossed. M'dera khomo lachiberekero anaona bampu yaing'ono. Kuchokera ku mbali yake ya phiri lalikulu akuthamanga midline lokwera. Pa mbali mukhoza kuzindikira wapotalikira ndi mesial zitunda mmphepete. Iwo kuyambira korona ngodya kuti palatal timabamputimabampu.

dzino m'mimba

More yopapatiza ndi elongated korona, kupatula chachikulu - makhalidwe kusiyanitsa chapamwamba ku canines m'munsi. Komabe, kukonza ndi mano ofanana. Ngati Tikayerekeza mano a nsagwada m'munsi ndi chapamwamba, tikuona kuti korona ali daimondi mawonekedwe. Only pano pamwamba pa mano m'munsi m'dera la rhombus akugwera tubercle ndi zambiri flattened, truncated.

anthu ambiri kuyang'ana otukukira kunja canine mandible. Anatomy ndi anafotokoza ndi chakuti wodzigudubuza pakati anakafika pamodzi pamwamba vestibular chimaoneka bwino. The umalimbitsa mbali amakhala zochepa kuonekera. Komabe, m'madera ena anthu vestibular padziko mano ali ndi mawonekedwe flattened. The wodzigudubuza pakati pa Zikatero sichidziwika kutchulidwa.

Mpumulo wa lingual padziko canines m'munsi zochepa kwambiri. Pa m'dera khomo lachiberekero ali cusp lingual. Iwo merges bwino ndi lokwera waukulu mathero wachitatu pakati padziko lingual. Pamodzi m'mbali mwa korona kuonekera zitunda mmphepete.

premolars chapamwamba

Mu maxilla munthu ali premolar 4 - 2 molars yaing'ono mbali iliyonse. Iwo zili mu gawo pakati pa Chipilala mano, kutenga udindo wa 4 ndi 5. Premolars, umboni ndi thunthu la mano a nsagwada chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi, kuchita ndi ntchito wothandiza pa Machining chakudya. Iwo wosweka ndi pulverized ntchito chakudya.

Kusiyanitsa yoyamba ndi yachiwiri premolars chapamwamba. The premolar woyamba ndi korona prismatic mawonekedwe kungakhale thuu kapena muzu chomwecho. Padziko occlusal alipo tubercle 2 - buccal ndi palatal. Choyamba, monga ulamuliro, ikuluikulu ndi apamwamba. Pakati pa iwo ndi intertubercular mzere. Pamodzi m'mbali mwa korona ndi zitunda mmphepete.

The chachiwiri chapamwamba premolar ali zayamba dongosolo lomwelo. makhalidwe ochepa chosiyana tingaone:

• dzino ambiri ali limodzi mizu ngalande ndi muzu;
• pang'ono see mtunda;
• kutafuna apezeka ndi pafupifupi kutalika yemweyo;
• zitunda lateral ndi underdeveloped.

premolars m'munsi

M'munsi yaing'ono molars, mosiyana ndi mzere ali ang'onoang'ono, wautali umodzi muzu ndi korona anamaliza mawonekedwe mu gawo yopingasa. Anthu amene mumadziwa thunthu la mano m'munsi nsagwada, kusiyanitsa ndi premolars yoyamba ndi yachiwiri m'munsi, yosiyaniranapo mu dongosolo.

Choyamba ndi ofanana canine lapansi. mano izi ngati akorona. Komabe, bicuspid, mosiyana canines, pali 2 hillocks padziko kutafuna. The woyamba amatchedwa buccal, ndipo chachiwiri - lingual. Anagawa tokhala intertubercular mzere. Chifukwa anthu ambiri, ndi mawu ndi apakatikati yopingasa chisa.

Chachiwiri premolar, umboni ndi thunthu anthu a nsagwada m'munsi ndi akuluakulu pang'ono kuposa poyamba. Kutafuna pamwamba dvuhbugorkovoy. Nthawi zina kuzindikiridwa 3 ndipo ngakhale 4 tubercle. Pa padziko bicuspid ali kwambiri yopingasa mzere ndi ramifications mapeto. Muzu chachiwiri premolar ndi wautali kuposa poyamba.

Choncho, mano umene chapamwamba ndipo m'munsi nsagwada, kapangidwe, thunthu la zinthu izi - ndi zovuta chidwi mutu. Aliyense mapangidwe fupa anamanga kwa minofu wapadera amakhazikitsa ziwiya magazi ndi zida mantha. mano dongosolo n'kovuta kwambiri, chifukwa izo zimatengera ntchito iwo kuchita.