Chiphunzitso zakuthupi a boma ndi malamulo

Zakuthupi chiphunzitso cha chiyambi cha moyo kuimira chitukuko ngati mlingo mwachilungamo mkulu wa katswiri wa masoka achilengedwe. Izo zikusonyeza patsogolo luso, zimathandiza kuonetsetsa masoka wabwino. Kufala kwa kufufuza mwaukatswiri anali pa moyo chikhalidwe cha mphamvu zoonekeratu opindulitsa. Pamodzi ndi zochuluka zinthu sizikutanthauza kukula mwauzimu ndi chikhalidwe. Izo sizingakhoze imawunikidwa monga alibiretu abwino kapena oipa monga unambiguously. patsogolo luso imatengedwa kuti ndale ndi kulemekeza chodabwitsa chikhalidwe cha dziko.

Chitukuko monga phunziro la

Chiphunzitso zakuthupi za chiyambi cha chikhalidwe amaona patsogolo sayansi ndi nkhani yake. Mwachitsanzo, kufunika kwa zinthu zofunika ndi luso osati kwa kuthirira dziko kale osabereka, komanso kulenga zida zoopsa. Lingaliro la chitukuko, monga ulamuliro, amagwirizana ndi chikhalidwe ndale analandira chitukuko luso. The sipekitiramu wa ntchito wake mu nkhani iyi ndi lonse. Lingaliro la chikhalidwe, nayenso ali pafupi kupita patsogolo mwauzimu. Chitukuko ndi dziko zinthu zakuthupi, munthu wotembenuka. Culture amati ndi katundu mkati mwa munthu, anapeza mwauzimu, ufulu kapena kuponderezana, amadalira kotheratu anthu a momuzungulira, kapena kudziyimira pawokha wake ndi kudzipatula.

Mtima wa Philosophy Western

Mu ntchito za aphunzitsi ambiri anapeza ziyenera zikuchepa zoipa chodabwitsa amenewa, monga chitukuko. Maganizo oterowo kuti ngati "m'chipsinjo chikhalidwe" zowonetseredwa ndi ntchito yake Spengler. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, ziyenera zoipa Enanso mphamvu. Pakati pa katundu zoipa chitukuko zambiri yang'anirani chizolowezi standardize maganizo, kuganizira molondola mtheradi choonadi ochiritsira. Iwo amaganiza kuti kafukufuku otsika zochokera ndi ufulu nzeru, amene amatengedwa kuti ngozi chikhalidwe. Ngati mfundo imeneyi, chikhalidwe kumathandiza kuti mapangidwe umunthu wangwiro, chitukuko amalenga langwiro zomvera wa gulu la anthu. Iye amakhutira phindu okhawo amene amapereka.

Chitukuko nthaŵi zambiri kumaoneka ngati n'chimodzimodzi ndi mizinda makina nkhanza, mopanikizana, gwero la dehumanization a dziko. Inde, kodi aliyense malowedwe zozama za maganizo a anthu mu zinsinsi zachilengedwe, dziko wake wauzimu amakhalabe kwakukulukulu mwachinsinsi. Science ndi chitukuko sangathe kupereka patsogolo chikhalidwe. Pakuyenera kukhala chilli zina za uzimu ongokhala zosiyanasiyana labwino, nzeru, zomwe wakwaniritsa koyenela ka anthu onse. Sayenera kuchita zinthu zikuluzikulu monga chabe kuli chuma, ndi palokha ndipo yogwira wosanjikiza mwa cholinga cha kukhala ndi ndondomeko mbiri.

formations umoyo ndi zachuma

Nthumwi yowala kwambiri chiphunzitso zakuthupi wa Boma la chiyambi - Marx - mosiyana ndi mfundo za nzeru ena a anthu a atapereka gulu latsopano. Iye ananena kuti kuli mapangidwe umoyo ndi zachuma. Ndi anthu, pamalo enaake chitukuko mbiri ali achilendo makhalidwe chosiyana. Wosazindikira anthu, ukapolo, feudalism, bizinesi ndi sosholisimu - zinthu zimene zimapanga tingachipeze powerenga formational makwerero a kusanduka anthu. Mkhalidwe kudziwika mtundu mbiri ya zinthu zokhudza, anatengedwa mu umodzi mwa zigawo zake - njira ya ulimi, boma la zaluso ndi sayansi, kusiyana ndi chuma chauzimu cha dziko, ankachita banja tsiku ndi tsiku, moyo wa anthu ambiri - ndi umoyo ndi zachuma dongosolo .

Kapangidwe ka dongosolo

Aliyense amene ali chiwalo cha chiphunzitso zakuthupi - Lenin, Chichewa, Marx ndi otsatira awo - amasonyeza kuti dongosolo umoyo ndi zachuma ali ndi dongosolo limene ladzaza makamaka siyana monga "m'munsi" ndi "superstructure". zigawo zimenezi zakonzedwa pofuna kufotokozera njira imene asapita kupanga bwanji zinthu zina zochita za anthu - malamulo, ndale, ndi zina zotero. M'mawu ena, chiphunzitso zakuthupi za chiyambi cha chitukuko limanena kuti m'munsi ndi superstructure zigwire yekha kwa concretization wa kumvetsa kapangidwe ka anthu, za tanthauzo la zimene ankachita causal. Lenin, kulongosola tanthauzo la magawo awa, ananena kuti mfundo yofunika kwambiri ya kuzindikira zinthu zakuthupi wa mbiri kwagona kuti asapita chikhalidwe anawagawa zinthu ndi maganizo. Choncho kachitidwe koyamba monga superstructure pa masika.

magulu mbali

Chiphunzitso zakuthupi amaona ngati maziko a akonzedwa ubale wa ulimi, amene amapanga dongosolo chuma cha anthu. Ndi chitsanzo liwulo mitundu maganizo a ankachita chikhalidwe. Superstructure Zikatero, limaoneka ngati ya malingaliro ndi maganizo nawo. Iye amatchedwanso mabungwe komanso mabungwe amene kulimbikitsa chiphunzitso cha. Monga mabungwe kutumikira, makamaka, mayanjano ndale, boma, mabungwe malonda, mabungwe ena onse.

nuance

Tikumbukenso kuti m'munsi ndi superstructure musati kuutsiriza zosiyanasiyana za chododometsa chikuchitika mu moyo chikhalidwe. Mwachitsanzo, zochitika monga sayansi, ena magulu ena mzimu, sakhoza ankamuona ngati kuchititsa chitsanzo kwa ndalama ya anthu. zinthuzo sangadalire katundu m'munsi. M'malo zosabvuta yosakongola adzakhala kulolerana wa sayansi mu superstructure maganizo a dongosolo kapena zina mapangidwe umoyo ndi zachuma. Koma izi, ndithudi, ankachita ndi zachuma ndi maganizo bwanji zomwenso ake maganizo, malangizo a chitukuko cha ichi kapena kuti dera la chidziwitso.

Chiphunzitso zakuthupi wa boma, malamulo

Lingaliro atapereka maganizo omveka bwino. Makamaka, kukutanthauza kuti boma maonekedwe anatsimikiza makamaka ndi zifukwa zachuma. Monga choyambilira kugawira chikhalidwe cha ntchito, chilengedwe cha mankhwala zotsala, chitukuko cha chuma payekha, ndiyeno kugawanika kwa anthu mu makalasi adani zofuna zachuma. boma maonekedwe mu chitukuko ichi ndi chifukwa cholinga. Iwo amachita ngati bungwe, zomwe, ntchito amazilamulira wapadera ndi kupondereza kumalepheretsa chitsutso anapanga makalasi ndipo amapereka makamaka zofuna za wamphamvu chuma wosanjikiza. Chiphunzitso zakuthupi a boma amaika atalemba kuti mudzagwiritse watsopano m'malo mwa gulu mafuko. Nthawi yomweyo anapita kwa m'malo miyambo dongosolo la malamulo malamulo.

The zili zosiyana

Chiphunzitso zakuthupi a boma si kukakamiza anthu mabungwe atsopano kunja. iwo onse kuonekera pa maziko a chitukuko zachilengedwe chikhalidwe. Izo, nawonso, amagwirizana ndi kuwonongeka kwa anthu wosazindikira, kufalikira kwa chuma payekha, stratification chikhalidwe cha anthu kudzera umwini (kuoneka olemera ndi osauka). Chifukwa cha zofuna za magulu osiyanasiyana ayamba kubwera ku nkhondo.

Izi zikachitika, gulu mafuko anakhala osati akasamuka kulamulira. Pankafunika kukhazikitsa magulu a mphamvu. Iye ayenera kupezera mwayi wa zofuna za anthu ena a anthu, monga kuyenera zosowa za ena. M'nkhaniyi, anthu chomwe zigawo wosiyana chuma amalenga bungwe lapadera. Iwo amathandiza zofuna za propertied ndi, silifooketsa anthu ofuna atasemphana yozungulira mamembala a anthu. Monga gulu imeneyi ndi zochita boma. Malinga ndi otsatira a zosiyana, ndi chodabwitsa kanthawi mbiri chosakhalitsa. Ndi kuwonongedwa kusiyana kwa magulu a mu kukhalapo sadzakhala wamphamvu zofuna thupi.

gulu la mitundu

Chiphunzitso zakuthupi limatchula zitsanzo zitatu za zikamera wa Mphamvu ya bungwe:

1. Athens (chakale). Mogwirizana ndi chitsanzo ichi, boma maonekedwe anatsimikiza mwachindunji ndi zotsutsana advantageously kalasi anapanga mkati anthu.
2. Rome. mawonekedwe zikamera wa boma amakhala ndi chakuti gulu mafuko adziwonetsa ndi apamwamba chatsekedwa. Iwo olekanitsidwa ndi disenfranchised ndi unyinji waukulu wa plebeians lapansi. chigonjetso otsiriza wawononga dongosolo la fuko, mabwinja umene boma akuwonekera.
3. German. Boma la chitsanzo uyu amaoneka ngati zotsatira za anagonjetsa danga lalikulu.

Dongosolo malamulo mu chiphunzitso cha

Economic conditionality ndi kalasi malamulo chitsanzo akutumikira monga mawu yofunika kwambiri mfundo za chiphunzitso Marxist. Okhutira chifungulo cha mfundo ndi maganizo amene bwino - ndi mankhwala a anthu. Iwo akutumikira monga mawu a kalasi ndi kulimbikitsa chifuniro, umene uli dera zachuma. chiphunzitso zakuthupi zikusonyeza kuti pali asapita anthu propertied ayenera aganyali mphamvu zawo mapangidwe ulamuliro imperious ndi kupereka mawu onse a chifuniro chake mu mawonekedwe a lamulo. M'mawu ena, chirengedwe ndipo kuli malamulo anatsimikiza mtima kufunika kulimbikitsa lamulo normative wa mogwirizana chikhalidwe mu zofuna za wosanjikiza akulamulira.

M'kupita kwa nthawi, mfundo za chiphunzitso chuma analembedwa m'chilamulo zoweta. Pamodzi mizere kalasi mumakumbukira nthawi imene m'dziko limene palibe zigawo odana nafe, mu malamulo anasonyeza chifuniro cha mabungwe onse wochezeka, kutsogozedwa ndi panopa ntchito.

Zikhazikiko

chiphunzitso zakuthupi akulengeza lamulo lakuti: aliyense - malinga ndi luso lake, aliyense nkhani - malinga ndi zosowa zake. Anthu ayenera kuzolowera kukwaniritsa zofuna za kogona lapansi. Zikatero, iwo mwaufulu ntchito malinga ndi luso lawo. chiphunzitso zakuthupi amalenga sangachite kwa malamulo. Iwo ali oyenera chimango m'mbiri a kalasi chikhalidwe cha anthu. Lingaliro limanena kuti ufulu ndi chodabwitsa chosakhalitsa. M'pofunika anthu okha pa siteji makamaka za chitukuko. Mu nkhani ya kutha kwa chikhalidwe kalasi, izo adzautaya phindu lake chikhalidwe.

mbali zabwino za chiphunzitso cha

Monga mmodzi wa nyota ya zinthu zakuthupi postulates chiphunzitso tisaiwale kuti kupanga bwino kuti ndi chida pofuna ufulu chuma nkhaniyi. Ndi limagwirira tsankho kwa malamulo a asapita wa mowa ndi kupanga. Maziko abwino a dongosolo zolimbana analembedwa ndi chitukuko ndi kufotokozera amafuna cholinga cha Kukwezeleza zakakhalidwe malire a zimene amaloledwa ndipo amaletsedwa khalidwe la ophunzira onse zimavuta. Mukhoza amatchulanso Ubwino wa chiphunzitso zakuthupi:

1. Kugawilidwa kwanthaka wa i yeniyeni kuvomerezeka ndi woletsedwa. Ichi chinapangidwira zikomo zotheka chakuti mbali ya lingaliro la malamulo kuonedwa kuti lamulo - yokhala Tanthauzo anapereka malangizo.
2. Kulankhula kudalira a ufulu zinthu umoyo ndi zachuma amene ali ndi chikoka kwambiri pa iye.
3. The wogwirizana kwambiri za malamulo ndi matupi amphamvu umene uli ndi enforces malamulo.

zoyipa

Palinso kuipa chiphunzitso zakuthupi. Choyamba, mwa mfundo udindo wapamwamba kalasi mu dongosolo ndi malamulo moyo wa malamulo konsekonse. ufulu kuli okha chimango mbiri. malamulo ena kuposa kuti kwambiri sankalimbana nafe chikugwirizana ndi zinthu zakuthupi. Izi understated mlingo wa chikoka cha zinthu zina pa mapangidwe ake.