Mbiri ya "m'munsi kuya" Gorky: momwe zinaliri

Ambiri kuwerenga play, lomwe linalembedwa ndi limakhulupirira Gorky "m'munsi kuya". Mbiri ya chilengedwe cha chidwi omufunitsits mlongoyo. Monga amadziwika, wolemba Russian, ndi unyamata wake anatsogolera bosyatsky njira ya moyo, nthawi zambiri ankayenda ndi knapsack pa nsana wake. N'kutheka kuti nthawi iyeyo ndi kugona m'misasa pokhala. Ambiri mwina, dongosolo kulenga ntchito za ins zonse ndi zakunja za moyo wa anthu awa kukhwima mu malingaliro ake kwa nthawi yaitali Maksima Gorkogo. Koma kuti azichita yekha pamene wolemba anaganiza kutembenukira kwa sewero. Izo zinachitika kumayambiriro kwa XIX-XX zaka.

ojambula zithunzi zosasangalatsa

The gululo wa Moscow Art Theatre mu 1900, anapita ku Crimea, kuika patsogolo pa masewero ake ndi Chekhov a "Amalume Vanya" ndi "The mbalameyi." Koma osati kuti anali mishoni ya zisudzo ndi. Monga Nemirovich-Danchenko adabvomera, mkulu wa bwalo lamasewera, cholinga chawo chinali komanso kukumana ndi Gorky ndi akhutire kulemba sewero. Iwo anachita izo. Mbiri kwambiri za "kuya wotsika" Gorky anatumikira monga kutsogolera kwa kulemba ndi ndalama zina. Izi mankhwala amadziwika monga "Afilisti" ndi "Dachniki". Chifukwa cha mfundo zokopa aluso, limakhulupirira Gorky anatsegula Wolemba wina.

Ntchito zidutswa

zidutswa zonse zitatu zinalembedwa pafupifupi imodzi. Kale pamanja wa "Afilisti" chinaperekedwa mu 1901 ndi bwalo lamasewera. Mbiri ya "m'munsi kuya" Gorky kunali kovuta. Imange nthawi yaitali sanasiye ngakhale kuti mutu umodzi. Zosintha "Doss nyumba" mwakhala anayesa, "Popanda Sun", "pansi". Koma kuti ayenera play, Gorky mosakayikira. Iye ankafuna kunyamula mankhwala makamaka kwa anthu amene ankafotokozedwa anthu okhala doss nyumba kwa wosawuka: osaphunzira ndi osaphunzira. Komabe, ntchito mikangano: akuti apa pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri ndi chidwi ya moyo, miyambo ndi mawu "anthu akale".

Mbiri ya "m'munsi kuya" Gorky, kapena bwanji onse anayamba

Kale "Afilisti" Ndachita phokoso lambiri. Kufufuza anayesa zauve malo makamaka caustic anali asintha. sewerolo anali woyamba anakulira St. Petersburg, pamene osewera wa Moscow Art Theatre anapitiriza ulendo mu March 1902. Pa kavalidwe rehearsal holo linadzaza ndi azondi zovala wamba, anali atayima kutsogolo kwa kavalo gendarmerie. Stanislavsky za nthabwala izi, kuti maphunziro amenewa ndi zambiri zogwirizana ndi nkhondo ambiri kuposa rehearsal. Chotero kukomeza boma ankakolezera kokha chidwi anthu mu Wolemba wina-debutant. Choncho, chidutswa yachiwiri chabe silingayende bwino.

kupanga

Mbiri ya "kuya wotsika" Gorky anali wamfupi kwambiri kuposa momwe izo likupita ku wowerenga lapansi. Panapita miyezi 18 studding pamakomo a mitengo yosiyanasiyana pulogalamuyo pamaso kufufuza anapereka mutu kufikira kulowa, koma pa siteji ya Moscow Art Theatre. Malinga ndi magwero a mbiri yakale, iye ankachita izo chifukwa iye anali wotsimikiza za kulephera kwa sewerolo. Komabe, boma anaiwala kuti dziko ndi kukhwima zinthu chosintha. 1905 anali basi kuzungulira ngodya. bwino kusewera linali lalikulu, ndipo zimenezi si otsutsika okha osewera Nyenyezi. Kuti chimwemwe mvula Gorky anaitanidwa kuti zochitika zina khumi ndi zisanu. Mlembi udasokonezeka, iye sanayembekezere ulemerero. Kuyambira pamenepo, ntchito ya Gorky a "The wotsika kuya" pa Moscow Art Theatre powonekera kwa zaka 60. (mpaka December 1962) anakhazikitsa nthawi 1451.