"Leningrad": kusanthula ndakatulo (Mandelstam). Analysis a ndakatulo Mandelstam a "tulo", "Madzulo odekha", "M'badwo", "Notre Dame"

Osip Mandelstam - mmodzi wa oimira yowala kwambiri alakatuli Silver Age. anathandiza kutukula mabuku Russian zaka mazana makumi awiri sangathe kukambapo, ndi momvetsa chisoni masamba palibe aliyense osayanjanitsika.

Palokha, chidwi ndi chidwi ndakatulo kusanthula. Mandelstam limavumbulanso mu mawu ake Acmeists dziko, maganizo awo kuti ndakatulo ndi luso malangizo. Nkhaniyi tidzakambirana ntchito otchuka wolemba: "Leningrad", "tulo", "Madzulo odekha", "M'badwo" ndipo «Notre Dame».

zokhudza mbiri

Wolemba ndakatulo tsogolo anabadwa mu 1891 mu Warsaw wamalonda banja, amene 1897 anasamukira ku St. Petersburg. Apa Osip Tenishev Atamaliza sukulu. Kenako iye anapita ku Paris, anapezeka nkhani pa Sorbonne, ndi zikugwira University of Heidelberg.

Mu 1910, ndakatulo yake yoyamba inafalitsidwa mu "Apollo" magazini. Kwa chaka kukhala Mandelstam ake mabwalo zolembalemba, pamene chopezera maganizo Acmeists. Mu 1913, wolemba lofalitsidwa m'chigawo choyamba cha ndakatulo - "Stone".

Moyo njira ya ndakatulo iyi itha mu 1938, pamene iye anagwidwa ndi kupita ku Voronezh. Mandelstam anamwalira mu msasa wa akapolowo, ndipo anaikidwa m'manda ku manda oikamo.

Zimathandiza kuti adzawulule dziko mumtima makamaka dziko-ndakatulo ndakatulo kusanthula. Mandelstam pankhaniyi opambana wowerenga maganizo pa zimene zinali kuchitika kumayambiriro kwa zaka mazana makumi awiri mu Russia, ndi zimene anaona.

Osipa Mandelshtama ndakatulo Mbali

A njira ndakatulo ya Mandelstam anayamba zaka 14, pamene ndime yoyamba zinalembedwa. Kuyambira nthawi, m'nyengo yoyambirira ya zilandiridwenso, yodziwika ndi mtima woipa ndi kufunafuna cholinga cha moyo. Mandelstam poyamba chidwi ndi mfundo za Symbolists ndipo analankhula ndakatulo wake zithunzi nyimbo ndipo amajambulapo maluwa okongola. Komabe, ankadziwa acmeists udasintha modabwitsa maganizo ndi kamvekedwe ka mawu a ndakatulo iyi. Ntchito monga "Nature - mofanana Rome ..." muyamba ukumana zithunzi kamangidwe, omwe akutsimikiza kusanthula ndakatuloyi. Mandelstam anamvetsa chitukuko cha chitukuko monga yothandizira kupitirirabe ndondomeko, kumene cholowa chikhalidwe (kuphatikizapo zomangamanga) amasonyeza kusintha ndi maganizo anthu.

Kumvetsa ndi kuzindikira makamaka lyric Mandelstam, chonde amatchula kusanthula pulogalamu yake ya ndakatulo.

"Leningrad"

Analysis a ndakatulo Mandelstam a "Leningrad", mukhoza kuyamba ndi malongosoledwe a chiwembu. M'nyimbo ngwazi abwerera kumka ku mzinda wa ubwana wake - Leningrad. Apa iye anapeza ntchito yake, anapeza mabwenzi ambiri amene sangathenso kukumana. kugwirizana wake ndi mzinda kuli kwamphamvu kuti angafanane ndi magazi ndi mnofu zikulumikizana "kwa mitsempha, ana a zopangitsa kutupa." Kugwirizana ndi danga Leningrad "mafuta Leningrad mtsinje nyali", "oopsa phula ziziwayendera yolk" (a fanizo limene limalongosola kumwamba overcast ndi dzuwa mdima). Koma ubwenzi wolimba: "Ndimakumbukirabe adilesi a lomwe likupezeka mawu akufa." Koma ziribe kanthu momwe amphamvu sanali kugwirizana m'nyimbo ndi mzinda, pali amene angathe mosavuta kuliswa ilo - "alendo". Iwo anabwera usiku popanda kuitanidwa ndi kutenga nawo acibanja ndi anzao. nyamuka awo ndi ofanana ndi imfa, chifukwa iwo amene ali atapita, sadzabwereranso.

About amazipanga nkhawa nthawi kusanthula akuti Mandelstam a ndakatulo "Leningrad". Author mwangwiro analanda nkhawa kukula, pakalibe chitetezo iliyonse motsutsana mwankhanza zinthu zikuchitika ndipo zikuonetsa tsogolo.

"Vek"

Ichi ndi chimodzi mwa ntchito limaonetseratu ndi loopsa lomwe Mandelstam analemba. The kusanthula ndakatulo "The Age anga, chirombo wanga ..." kwakukulukulu akuganizira maganizo chimodzimodzi za imfa ya dziko mwachizolowezi mtendere monga ndime m'mbuyomu.

Mandelstam akufanizira moyo wake ndi nyama wankhanza ndi mosadziletsa, omwe aswa msana okhazikika wake dziko dongosolo ndipo simungathe kukonza, kulakalaka zakale. Wolemba ndakatulo akuona tsoka lonse la zimene zikuchitika ndi kuyesa luso lawo (kuimira chitoliro) anasonyeza vertebrae, koma palibe nthawi ndi khama la munthu mmodzi si kokwanira. Ndipo chikudziwikabe ikuyenda "stroitelnitsa-magazi" a zilonda dziko. The chifaniziro cha chilombo ya atumwi, amanena osati wildness, komanso kuthedwa nzeru: Malowa anali wosweka kumuteteza tipeze mphamvu ngati kale, tikhoza penyani "pa kuda a yoteroyo awo." Choncho, Chowawa mavuto ndi chisoni akukumana zochitika chosintha ndi kusintha kwa mphamvu Mandelstam.

Analysis "tulo" ndakatulo

Chifukwa cha mankhwala anaika nyimbo yachiwiri Homer "Iliad" - "Dream Viotia, kapena mndandanda wa zombo" imene imalemba zombo zonse ndi atsogoleri a asilikali amene anapita ku Troy.

Chiyambi cha ndakatuloyi - mawu "tulo", limene limafotokoza mkhalidwe thupi la ngwazi za. Ndipo nthawi yomweyo wolemba ndakatulo immerses owerenga mu nthano zakale Greek: "Homer. Zolimba awiri ... ". Wamphamvu anakafika zombo, monga usiku wosatha, akundizunza ndipo sanalole kuti tisagone. Chifaniziro cha atsekwe zouluka yekha timapitiriza pang'onopang'ono mayendedwe ndi Tambasula malo ndi nthawi, imene amamuchititsa kutsindika Mandelstam. The kusanthula ndakatulo "tulo" amasonyeza otaya yosalala nthawi ndi maganizo m'nyimbo. Kuyambira za zombo anasamukira mofatsa cholinga cha nkhondo akale. Ikulu asilikali tilimbikitsidwa ndi chikondi: "Kodi inu panyanja? Nthawi zonse Helen, kuti Troy inu Achaeans .. Ndipo nyanja, ndi Homer -. Onse tilimbikitsidwa ndi chikondi " Mfundo lotsatira akubwerera ku chenicheni, tsopano kwa nyengo m'nyimbo: "Ndani akumvetsera kwa ine? Ndipo Homer ali chete. "

Chikondi - ndicho galimoto mphamvu, amene sichinasinthe kuyambira nthawi zakale masiku ano, - maganizo afotokozedwa mu ndakatulo imeneyi Osip Mandelstam.

Analysis wa "odekha madzulo" ndakatulo

The ndakatulo akufotokoza mmodzi wa masanje pa gombe la nyanja ya Mediterranean, yomwe Mandelstam anali mlendo kawirikawiri pa maphunziro ake pa Sorbonne. ntchito Sanakayikire kuti ichi motsutsa maziko a ndakatulo onse chimwemwe chake, chimwemwe ndi osasamala pinki kuwala. Choncho chikondi, akupereka chithunzi cha malo okongola, zonse mawu fungo ndi mitundu yowala. Naintini wolemba osangalala, amamva ufulu ndi boundlessness mbali yake, dziko lonse atsegula pamaso pake. Ndakatulo poyera anatchula mfundo yake, palibe mantha, ndi kuopa anakhumudwitsa vuto (wosawoneka ntchito ina).

Nditabwerera ku Russia sadzamangidwanso kulemba mizere ngati mokondwera Mandelstam. The kusanthula ndakatulo "Madzulo wofatsa 'limasonyeza mumangidwa njala ufulu ndi moyo wa moyo wa wolemba.

«Notre Dame»

Ndakatulo «Notre Dame», ngati wina m'mbuyomu, maziko zomwe asiya kuphunzira mu France. Mandelstam anayenda kwambiri nthawi imeneyi ndipo anasangalala ndi pamaso pa Notre Dame. Iwo izi chipilala mapulani anadzipereka kuti ndakatuloyi. Amazipanga mophiphiritsa ndi sensuously limafotokoza nyumba Mandelstam. Analysis wa ndakatuloyi «Notre Dame» limasonyeza kukongola a tchalitchi akuwafanizira ndi munthu wamoyo "masewero minofu nkhondo zomenyera mosavuta yafupika." Ndakatulo mantha ndi chidwi zinthu zochititsa chidwi, izo zinapatsira ndi kukongola ndi ulemerero wa dongosolo ndipo kenako kuzindikira wake wokongola kwambiri mu dziko.

Mandelstam mzere woyamba amatanthauza mbiri ya Council: ". Kodi woweruza Roma adzaweruzidwa ndi anthu achilendo" The akutulukira mutu wa Aroma athe kusonyeza kugwirizana pakati pa zomangamanga ndi chikhalidwe ndi mbiri yakale chitukuko cha anthu.

Amasangalatsa ndi zodabwitsa za wakale mapulani luso Mandelstam. Analysis wa ndakatuloyi «Notre Dame» zikhoza kuchepetsedwa ndi malongosoledwe a osiyanitsa imene ntchito zonse wamangidwa, "mosavuta yafupika" - "kulemera kwa bulky khoma", "mphamvu ya Aigupto" - "mantha Mkhristu", "thundu" - "bango". Mogwirizana ndi maganizo otsutsana, zipangizo yosiyana ndi mosiyana chithunzi zobisika kukongola kwa tchalitchi ndi ndakatulo a ndakatulo iyi.

Pomaliza

Choncho, kuwulula malo wolemba, kumvetsa moyo, dziko ndi maganizo a ndakatulo iyi, losavuta kusanthula ndakatuloyi. Mandelstam, kumene - mmodzi wa alakatuli chidwi ndi zachilendo kwa Silver Age, amene ntchito ooneka, amakopeka ooneka.