Maluwa Kaleria: kufotokoza, chithunzi, kulima, kuswana

Chifukwa cha chisangalalo, chisangalalo ndi kukongola tonse mwachangu kawetedwe mu nyumba zawo ndi nyumba zomera m'nyumba. Kaleria - Palibe zosowa, amene anaonekera ndi posachedwapa. mwayi waukulu - yowala, wautali ndi obiriwira pachimake. Komabe, emarodi wonyezimira, pubescent masamba ndi serrated m'mbali komanso zokopa kwambiri. Kukongola Colombia akhoza azikongoletsa mkati iliyonse, pamene zofuna osachepera chisamaliro. Ife kukuuzani mbali ya mbewu, malamulo ake kulima ndi kuswana njira.

Kufotokozera mtundu Kaleria

Pafupifupi mitundu twente eyiti aphatikizidwa mtundu anati, a m'banja Gesneriaceae. Mbali khalidwe la gulu la zomera - ili anyamata, pubescent zimalimbikitsa masamba, mdima wobiriwira. Natural kukula m'dera chimakwirira m'madera otentha a ku South America, makamaka Colombia, kumene maluwa ukufika masentimita 60 kutalika. chifukwa chachikulu chimene chomera yafala mu chipinda chikhalidwe - maluwa pachiyambi. Kaleria amayambanso pafupifupi chaka ndi chiswa yochepa. Mu mawonekedwe iwo amafanana kusintha mabelu ndi whisk yaitali mathero pamakhala asanu waukulu. Mtundu osiyanasiyana: kuchokera wotumbululuka pinki kuti bulauni kwambiri, ndi yamawangamawanga. Mu malo m'nyumba mwakula zambiri, hybrids ndi nthawi yaitali maluwa.

mitundu Kaleria

Ngati mufuna kukula bwino, wodzichepetsa ndi zomera zina, kenako mulole izo zikhale Kaleria. Kusamalira losavuta ake pulayimale ndi pachimake zokongola. Musanayambe kugula khalani okonzeka kuwafunsa zimene mtundu inu kugula, monga izi amadalira zina za kulima ake. Mu chikhalidwe chipinda kufalitsa hybrids angapo, kuphatikizapo zotsatirazi:

• Kaleria Bogotá - chomera kufika mu chikhalidwe masentimita 60 kutalika. Iwo ali lililonse mphukira pubescent ndi mdima wobiriwira masamba ndi ulusi utoto. Maluwa yekhayekha kapena wophatikizidwa, kuŵeramitsa. Corolla wofiira ndi mawanga ndi mikwingwirima, ndi mkati ndi utoto wachikasu.
• Kaleria zosangalatsa - wobiriwira mphukira kukula 60 cm, kawirikawiri amakhala ndi woyera, nthawi villi. Masamba olemera mtundu wobiriwira ndi noticeable silvery kapena utoto veining. maluwa axillary malo, mthunzi - pinki ndi mawanga chibakuwa, mkati - wachikasu.
• Kaleria naperstyankotsvetnaya - dzina amagwirizana ndi kufanana kwa kunja mitundu mitundu. White corolla (mpaka 3 cm) pamwamba pa pomayenda mu kuwala pinki mtundu, kukhetsa - wobiriwira chibakuwa zazikulu.

Kuyatsa ndi kutentha

Popeza Kaleria (chithunzi) ndi mbadwa ya tiers apansi apakhungu nkhalango achinyezi, mu kuwala kwambiri, palibe.

Komanso, kunja kwa dzuwa amafunika kuteteza poika mphika pa dera ndi kuwala koonekera. Ndi bwino yoti kuti zenera kum'mawa kapena kumadzulo. Bzalani thermophilic Komabe, ndi kutchulidwa zina nyengo, kotero mu yozizira miyezi m'pofunika kuonetsetsa kuti kutentha mpweya mkati 16-18 ° C, ndipo nthawi zina pachaka si chozama kupitirira 23-25 ° C. Cacikulu Kaleria wodzichepetsa ndiponso chimapirira zinthu nyumba m'tawuni. Pa masamba ena, kawirikawiri sakhala bwererani, kotero kuyatsa mlingo ayenera kukhalabe chomwecho.

Kusankha mphika ndi nthaka

Nthaka zomera potted amitundumitundu chogulitsidwa masitolo onse maluwa, kotero inu mukhoza kugwiritsa ntchito kale anakonza gawo lapansi. Special njira kwa Kaleria kupeza chodziwikiratu Komabe, mukhoza bwinobwino kutenga nthaka anafuna Saintpaulia, Gloxinia. Ngati mungathe, ndiye inu mukhoza kuphika nokha. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, akatswiri amalangiza kutenga zidutswa ziwiri za masamba ndi chimodzi peat nthaka ndi mchenga. Musaiwale za wabwino wosanjikiza ngalande. Kupatsa anachita nthaka chaka kusinthidwa, anawagawa magawo angapo ndiyayikulu kwambiri pomwepo kenaka.

Chomera ali muzu wandiweyani, amene ali kaŵirikaŵiri ndi zimafalitsidwa. Zili ndi kukula kwa thupi zimadalira kusankha mphika. Kwambiri, iye sayenera kukhala, mwinamwake mbewu atsogolere khama lawo onse pa chitukuko cha dongosolo mizu. Njira mulingo woyenera si lakuya koma lonse mphika za masentimita 15 m'mimba mwake. Zofunika - ceramic kapena mapulasitiki. Mbiya Ndi bwino chifukwa chinyezi mwa izo ukuphwera pang'onopang'ono, ndipo mizu si kwambiri ukagwira. Ngati mukufuna kuika maluwa pa zenera, mphika ceramic kuwonjezera bata.

Kutsirira ndi chinyezi

Ndi palibe chinsinsi chimene mlingo wa chinyezi mu kotentha mpaka 90% ndipo izi zimaonekera mu Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa zomera ndi nyama.

Kodi kuganizira chinthu ichi kukula mitundu zosowa mu malo m'nyumba n'zosatheka. Kaleria amafuna chinyezi mkulu. Izi chingapezeke mwa ntchito poto ndi mchenga yonyowa kapena kukodzedwa dongo. Utsi mbewu akatswiri musati amalangiza chifukwa cha masamba kwambiri pubescent kuti akhoza kuvunda. Musati malo maluwa pa zenera, umene ndi Kutentha radiators - mpweya kouma ndi zomera zoipa. Kutsirira ayenera lochepa. Khalani nthaka nthawi zonse lonyowa koma popanda stagnation wa madzi ndi kukhudzana ake ndi tsamba tsamba. Madzi zomera ndi mphasa lapansi. Woyamba machenjezo a kupanda chinyezi, adzakhala yellowed ndi shrunken masamba, komanso kuoneka pa malo awo.

Mu kasupe ndi chilimwe kuthirira mbewu m'nyumba ayenera pamodzi oyamba a mchere zovuta feteleza organic, ndi Kaleria pankhaniyi nazonso. Posankha mankhwala maluwa mitundu (azalea, Saintpaulia ndi zina zotero. D.), zivute malangizo ndi mwambo mlingo anasonyeza pa phukusi.

Njira kuswana

Mtheradi kuphweka Kaleria anatsimikizira chifukwa chakuti mu malo m'nyumba m'njira zitatu kubalana ake. N'kovuta kwambiri kwa anthu a zomera zosowa otentha. Pezani nthawi zatsopano chingakhale mbewu, cuttings kapena kugawikana kwa rhizomes kholo. Mulingo woyenera nthawi kwa kufesa - January-February. Mbewu za mbewu ndi laling'ono kwambiri, kotero iwo m'manda mu nthaka, ndi kufalitsa wogawana pamwamba wasambitsa wokutidwa ndi galasi. Zakudya mu malo otentha ndi kowala. Mbande kuwonekera masabata 2-2.5, ndipo iwo akhoza kuyenda pansi pa madzi pokhapokha awiri masamba woona. Mu njira iyi tingathe analandira osowa hybrid Kaleria.

Wofalitsa ndi kugawikana kwa rhizomes ndi zosavuta, ndi kuchuluka bwino kampani - pamwamba. Spring unagawanika buku akuchikazi a chisanadze kupopera mankhwala ndi mpeni wakuthwa. Kagawo kuwaza makala ndi ziume pang'ono. The pomwepo kenaka yabzalidwa mu gawo lapansi okonzeka akuya 1.5 cm, ndi nthawi madzi.

Cuttings akhoza kuchitika chaka chonse. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, Mpeni, kudula nsonga mphukira ndi kuwakhazikitsa madzi kapena mwachindunji mu nthaka. Kamodzi pa zomera wamng'ono kukula masamba atsopano angapo nsonga ayenera prischipnut - Zimathandiza kukula kwa nthambi lateral.

Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga

Chifukwa chachikulu cha matenda ndi maonekedwe a tizirombo - ichi ndi chisamaliro cholakwika, amene amapangidwa ndi maluwa. Kaleria zambiri anakhudzidwa ndi nsabwe ndi akangaude (onani chithunzi). Iwo kwenikweni kukoka madzi onse masamba wandiweyani ndi masamba, zomwe zotsatira zake ndi wokhotakhota ndi opunduka. Pa kutentha otsika mpweya m'chipinda ndi chinyezi mkulu izo amalenga abwino chitukuko cha matenda bakiteriya ndi mafangasi makamaka powdery cinoni ndi kuvunda osiyana. Zomera kupewa ndi kuchiza kuchititsa nthawi chithandizo fungicide ndi tizilombo.

The mavuto waukulu kukula

• Maonekedwe a bulauni mawanga pa masamba zimagwiritsa ntchito madzi ozizira ulimi wothirira.
• Leaf chikasu kugwirizana ndi kukhudzana ndi dzuwa, youma kwambiri kapena mwauchidakwa lonyowa mpweya, owonjezera fetereza.
• Ngati mudzagwa pa masamba ndi maluwa, Kaleria ayenera feteleza mchere ndi feteleza organic kapena tubers kuonongeka.
• Maonekedwe pa masamba ndi maluwa imvi zolengeza limasonyeza chitukuko cha zowola kapena chinoni. Malo anakhudzidwa ayenera kuchotsedwa, ikani chomera mu kwaokha ndi kuchitira ndi fungicide.
• masamba akuponya kumachitika chifukwa kukhudzana ofalitsa maluwa youma.
• Kukoka zomera, mphukira wotumbululuka ndi bleakness akusonyeza kupanda kuwala.