Dzina mitundu fern. Mayina a ziwalo ndi nyumba fern ndi

Imodzi mwa mbewu wamkulu padziko lathuli ndi fern. Chimakula mu nkhalango zotentha ndi ku madera boggy. Pakali pano, pali oposa 20,000 mitundu ya mbewu wapadera. Dzina la Mumapezekanso ndi dongosolo lawo, tikambirana mwatsatanetsatane m'nkhani ino.

mafotokozedwe

Ku dongosolo la Mumapezekanso a dipatimenti zomera apamwamba. Iwo ndi nsalu conductive, amene amapereka mankhwala ndi madzi ziwalo zonse. Zomera zigwirizana muzu, tsinde ndi masamba bwino anayamba. Maluwa ndi mbewu alibe. Mwatsatanetsatane mayina a matupi a Mumapezekanso Tikambirana zina. zomera amenewa amapezeka pafupifupi kulikonse padziko lonse. Komabe, mu kotentha chinyezi anaikira zosiyanasiyana kwambiri. Pa kukula kwa zomera ndi ang'ono kwambiri (a masentimita angapo), ndi wamtali kwambiri, wamphamvu (mamita 20).

Mayina a ziwalo ndi nyumba fern ndi

Mizu. Mu zomera ndi wamng'ono. Izi zikutanthauza kuti muzu pafupifupi sunayambe, m'malo, mphukira ndi masamba anapanga. umatheka ndi osiyanasiyana ndithu, onse pa kapangidwe mkati ndi maonekedwe. Ena Mumapezekanso akhoza zokwawa kapena kukwera, koma zambiri mwachindunji wamba. Kuyambira tsinde mpaka zokha masamba mwachilungamo lalikulu. Iwo amagwira ntchito ya sporulation ndi fotositneza. Pa underside masamba zipse sporophylls. Alinkugwa pansi, "mkazi" spores kumera mu prothallia ndiwo mtima woboola pakati yaing'ono mbale. Childs, awiri a osapitirira wina centimeter. Padziko mbale ali otchedwa "mkazi" kumaliseche. A spores wamwamuna anapanga mikrozarostki imene okhwima umuna. Iwo akutsatiridwa ndi mphepo, kugwa mitengo, udzu, etc. Pambuyo kusasitsa wa chikumba ndipo anawononga ake "mwamuna" mbewu ndi chilengedwe. Ndi madzi umuna akulowa zarostok wamkazi. Choncho, pali mtengo watsopano. Mu zinafota izi mtima zarostok ndi kufa. Ena Mumapezekanso akhoza zimafalitsidwa vegetatively. Pankhaniyi, zomera ikuwonjezerekabe pa masamba akulu kwala pansi. Popeza mizu m'nthaka ndi kukula nthawi. Mu Mumapezekanso cambium palibe. N'chifukwa chake mphamvu zawo ndi kukula okha, ndi pa phesi osati kupanga mphete pachaka. Awa ndi zomera wapadera - Mumapezekanso.

Mitundu ndi maina

Ena mwa anthu a pachikhalidwe izi kukongoletsa kwambiri. Mumapezekanso zina, zithunzi ndi mayina a amene anafotokoza m'nkhani ino, osiyana machiritso katundu. Enanso - ndi inafalitsidwa mu luso zophikira (bracken, strausnik, osmundra bulauni). Pali zomera zakupha, monga Dryopteris. Mumapezekanso, malingana ndi malo okhala, anawagawa lapadziko ndi m'madzi. Palinso gulu lina lalikulu - mtengo.

Nephrolepis

Malo m'nyumba zomera modabwitsa okongola otentha America. Iye ali yaitali, yokhota kumapeto Arc vayami wapamwamba wavy masamba.

nthiwatiwa fern

Dzina la zomera walandira chifukwa cha kufanana kwa masamba ndi mawonekedwe nthenga nthiwatiwa. Chimakula kunja kwa mzinda wa m'madambo, mu nkhalango yonyowa pokonza ndi floodplains. Fast kuswana, chomera ndipamene m'nkhalango zowirira. Iwo strausnik ntchito florists kwa bouquets ndi makonzedwe maluwa.

dona-fern

Chimakula mu imvi shaded madera. Iwo Tingaone mu zigwembe ndiponso peatlands mitengo. Athyrium ndipamene tussock mu marshland. masamba ake mwamphamvu kuligaŵa ndi kuwala mtundu wobiriwira. M'nyengo yozizira, iwo amafa. Muzu wa lalifupi, koma wandiweyani zokwanira. M'chaka kuyamba kukula masamba atsopano wamng'ono. Zimafalitsidwa mbewu spores.

phlebodium golide

zomera amamera mitengo, pokhala Ufumuyo thunthu "miyendo." Izo zokwawa pomwepo kenaka ndi zofewa flakes bulauni-golide, umene kuwonjezera pinnate masamba za 1.5 mamita yaitali.

bracken

Kutalika kwa mbewu angafikire oposa 60 masentimita. Zimachitika kulikonse, ngakhale pa dothi youma ndi osauka. Fern ali pomwepo kenaka horizontally yaitali ramified, amene kuchoka umodzi masamba chikasu. Mizu ya zomera ndi kuchiritsa katundu ndi ntchito sayansi ya zachipatala.

maidenhair

Mu anthu, zomera amatchedwa "tsitsi yamunthu." Iwo ali wochepa thupi kwambiri ndi yaitali (35 masentimita) wa kuwala wobiriwira masamba anakonza pa zimayambira wakuda. Maidenhair amakonda mthunzi tsankho. Iwo akhoza kukhala wamkulu mu minda kunyumba kapena kunyumba.

Dryopteris

Mu chikhalidwe zomera limakula mu mapiri pakati pa miyala kapena m'nkhalango pamthunzi. Monga angafikire ndi kutalika kwa masentimita 30 mpaka 150. Dryopteris ali amphamvu pomwepo kenaka, amene achoke masamba ndi petioles yaitali kupanga muyeso kubwereketsa. Mpatuko mbewu wochedwa. Dzina la Mumapezekanso zina, chifukwa cha chikhalidwe chawo kwachilengedwenso. Tinganene za Dryopteris. Pa underside wa masamba a chomera zili matupi chonde yokutidwa reniform sinkers ngati zishango. Mbali imeneyi anapereka dzina la fern. Chomera chakupha. Komabe, madokotala ambiri ntchito yopanga chitsa machiritso zamdziko.

tsiateynye banja

Pamafunikanso mitundu yoposa 600 ya zomera. Mumapezekanso mtengo izi anagawira makamaka mabacteria chinyezi otentha. Chomera kutalika angafikire mamita oposa makumi awiri. Bata fern ndi zotheka chifukwa cha wandiweyani plexus molimba mizu adventitious amapanga mbiya chivundikirocho. Masamba zambiri pinnate ndi lalikulu kwambiri. kutalika kungakhale kwa mamita asanu. Mitundu ina Mumapezekanso (maina ndi zithunzi ndi zokambidwa tsamba) pamalo za ubwenzi wa zigawo kuti pachimake lamina ndi zigawo chowulungika nsalu pneumatic. Iwo amagwiritsa ntchito kuwombola mpweya. Mu ena zomera, malo pneumatic apatsidwa pa pepala.

tsibotievye banja

Chimakula makamaka nkhalango Asia, America Central, Mexico, mu South China ndi Hawaii. The oimira banja ili ndi tsinde molunjika. Masamba - kawiri kapena katatu pinnate. Pamwamba pa mbiya ali ndi chivundikiro zoteteza, wopangidwa mwa zofewa tsitsi lalitali. Young masamba a zomera akhoza kudyedwa.

Tirsopterisovye

A m'banjali - fern Thyrsopteris elegans limakula yekha pachilumba cha Juan Fernandez, yomwe ili Ocean Pacific pafupi America South. kutalika kwake ndi pafupifupi 1.5 mamita.

Kultsitovye

Umaimiridwa ndi Mumapezekanso lalikulu tsinde zokwawa. Kutalika kwa mbewu, monga ulamuliro, si upambana 50 masentimita. Masamba - 4, 5-pinnate ang'onoang'ono (mpaka 3 cm). Petioles ndi kuwala kapena woderapo. masamba mokwanira kufalitsidwa, downy kuwala Brown kapena tsitsi utoto. Mayina a zomera fern a mitundu zotsatirazi: Culcita coniifolia (Chimakula mu kumpoto ndi pakati pa America South) ndi C. macrocarpa (mu Macaronesian floristic dera). Chiwerengero cha mitundu wakhala likunena zimachepa. N'chifukwa chake mtundu wa fern m'gulu mndandanda wa zomera kutetezedwa Portugal ndi Spain.

madzi

Dzina fern - Salvinia marsileya ndi - a gulu lachitatu mitundu chomera anafotokozedwa ndi ife. Iwo amakhala yekha mu matupi madzi.

Zinayi Marsileya

Ichi ndi chomera yaing'ono osatha ali lonse klinkovidno adzakhale masamba. Sporokarpii 2-3 zinthu m'tsinde wa petiole ndi. Aliyense ali ndi kutalika kwa pafupifupi 5 millimeters. Kawirikawiri Marsilea kutalika si upambana masentimita makumi awiri. Komabe, akuyandama petioles masamba angafikire masentimita 80 ndipo pomwepo kenaka - 1 mita. Kawirikawiri mtundu uwu fern ntchito amatunga zokongoletsa.

Salvinia

zomera wa kawirikawiri ndipo amafuna chitetezo. Nthawi zambiri, Salvini wakula mwachindunji malo Aquarium. zomera Tingaone mu madzi a botanical minda. Kunja, si lofanana ndi Mumapezekanso mwachizolowezi. Mapulaniwo Salvinia yaitali ndi zopyapyala (15 cm). Masamba anasonkhana pa atatu. Awiri a iwo ali lonse elliptical cordate. Chachitatu pepala - m'madzi. Iwo ali ndi tsitsi ndi kusema n'kupanga ulusi, ofanana ndi mizu. pepala ili zimatenga ndi chakudya ndi madzi.

Indian

Dzina la mtundu wa Mumapezekanso si nkhambakamwa kudziwika kwa mafani wa zomera Aquarium. Zomera kukula m'madera otentha padziko lonse. kuwala kwake masamba obiriwira tadulidwa zokongola. M'mikhalidwe yabwino, zili iwo angafikire ndi kutalika kwa 40-50 masentimita.

Thailand

zomera dziko - ndi Asia South-East. Fern ali corrugated, okhwima masamba lanceolate, amene angafikire masentimita makumi atatu mu msinkhu. Iwo lokhazikika kwa mdima wobiriwira rhizomes yolimba.