Zigawenga nkhondo 1812 polimbana ndi asilikali Napoleon ndi

Zigawenga Nkhondo ya 1812 ndi nkhondo ya misa ya boma Russian, ambiri a anthu wamba, komanso ngati asilikali Russian asilikali kumbuyo ndi pa zipangizo zofunika ndi asilikali Napoleon a.

Wamba anayamba zokha kukana ankhondowo sioneka mu Belarus ndi Lithuania pambuyo mthunzi wa asilikali Russian. nkhondo zigawenga pa koyamba mu kafukufuku kusiyidwa kwa midzi ndi chiwonongeko cha chakudya ndi chakudya. Mwakhama zigawenga kayendedwe chinayamba kumapeto July-oyambirira August mu Smolensk, ndipo kenako Kaluga ndi Moscow zigawo, amene amakhala ndi magulu a alimi bungwe cholimbana magulu ena a mdani.

Movutikira kwambiri kutchuka misonkhano mayunitsi S. Emelyanov, G. Kurin, V. Polovtsev, E. Chetvertakova V. Kozhina ndi ena. Ufumu poyamba ankaona ndi kukhulupirirana ndi zigawenga kuyenda. Koma ndi mkhalidwe wa changu dziko lawo, ena landlords inayamba kulinganiza wamba zigawenga mayunitsi. Army mayunitsi inakhazikitsidwa kuchita ntchito zigawenga kumbuyo mizere mdani. Woyamba wagawo amenewa, wopangidwa mwa anthu 130, bungwe ndi msilikali D. Davidov ndi kutha kwa August 1812.

Kufunika nkhondo zigawenga mu 1812 unali mtsogoleri wamkulu, MI Kutuzov, kuthandiza chilengedwe cha zigawenga mayunitsi asilikali, kupereka malangizo za njira zawo ndi zida. Adafuna kuonetsetsa kuti zigawenga nkhondo subordinated kuti mapulani ake abwino ndipo anavala bungwe. Mu September wa magulu ankhondo zigawenga m'gulu 36 regiments Cossack 7 apakavalo regiments, 5 oyenda regiments 5 squads, 3 battalion. Asilikali ankhondo otsogozedwa ndi deta alonda monga nkhanza za m'banja Davydov, AN Seslavin, NDI Dorokhov, MA Fonvizin, AS Figner ndi ena.

A ambiri ndithu mayunitsi akulowa partisans mayunitsi asilikali kapena interacts nawo. nkhondo zigawenga amagwira kuchita asilikali. Mu September ndi kumayambiriro October, magulu zigawenga (wamba ndi asilikali) anazungulira Moscow. Ananyamula kuukira pa zisonyezo za mdani, anagwira ndipo zidawawononga convoys foragers. zofunika kwambiri linali lofika zokhudza mdani amene anachokera ku magulu zigawenga, amene bungwe kuukira midzi ya asilikali mdani ndi nkhokwe. Ndipo magulu awo anakwanitsa kumasula mmizinda (mwachitsanzo, Vereya).

masabata asanu kuchokera pamene nkhondo ya Borodino, ndi guerilla nkhondo zingawonongeka kwambiri kuti asilikali Napoleonic (anthu 30 000 anaphedwa). Pa nthawi imeneyo, pamene mdani anabwerera, zigaŵenga zankhondo anathandiza mwachangu khamu zonse kufunafuna ndi kuwonongedwa kwa Adani, posewera mbali yaikulu kugonjetsedwa kwa asilikali Napoleon a.

Pakuti nyota za alimi munthu kupereka mu mawonekedwe a St. George ndi mitanda ena, koma ambiri zopereka zawo sichinayambe anayamikira. The mphoto kwambiri aziti iyeyu n'ngwabwino pa nthawi wamba akanakhala, ndithudi, kuwonongedwa kwa serfdom. Komabe, wosamasula ndi sizichitika.