Ndi nyumba otchuka China wakale chiyani?

Ife tikudziwa kuti masiku ano European chitukuko inayambira Greece ndi Rome, ndi iwo, nawonso, anaphunzira zambiri kwa chikhalidwe cha Iguputo. Nanga bwanji ku Asia? Kodi dziko loyamba adanyamuka pa chiyambi cha chitukuko? Mesopotamia, India ndi China - mbewu zitatu, amene mosalekeza anayamba kuyambira zisinthe Neolithic. Ndi iwo amene amadza yachidule pa maiko ena. M'nkhani ino tikambirana China wakale. Izi chitukuko wamphamvu inkakhala Nthawi zingapo. Iwo yathandiza yaikulu chikhalidwe cha Japan, Korea ndi lonse Far East dera. ndi nyumba otchuka China wakale chiyani? Inu mukudziwa, ngati inu mukuwerenga nkhani iyi mpaka kumapeto.

zinthu Chinese pa mndandanda wa UNESCO

Ngati ife kulankhula za zomangamanga, mu dziko pali zipilala ambiri a zanyengo wakale ndi akale. Ambiri a iwo zatenga malo abwino mndandanda yapamwamba ya dziko chikhalidwe cholowa cha anthu. Izo ziyenera kuti si mayiko onse akhoza kudzitama wa ochuluka kwambiri zinthu m'gulu mndandanda UNESCO. Pali limodzi nyumba mapulani a China wakale, monga Kachisi wa Kumwamba ndi Chilimwe Palace ku Beijing, maofesi - monga Palace Museum ku Beijing, nyumba zakale kumalire a kum'mwera kwa Province Anhui, lalikulu kukula mu dziko lapansi - Tiananmen. Koma mndandanda kumaphatikizapo ndi mizinda yonse ngati Lijiang (Yunnan). Akachisi, m'mapaki, zachifumu, nyumba wamba ngakhale manda ali apachiyambi kwambiri. Ogwirizana ndi wamba zokongoletsa kukhumba, mfundo inayake, wochokera mu worldview ndi chipembedzo cha mtundu waukulu uwu. Iwo kaso ndi otchuka pa nthawi yomweyo zazikulu ndi wapadera. Koma nyumba otchuka China wakale - ndi, ndithudi, Wall Lalikulu la China.

Chiwiri zodabwitsa dziko

ndi chipilala lalikulu la zomangamanga wakale chiyani? Unyolo za malinga anatambasula ndi chachikulu chimene akangomva m'litali kumabweretsa mantha. Zoposa zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu mazana asanu ndi makumi asanu makilomita, wopangidwa mwa nsanja ndi makoma, anatambasula kudutsa kumpoto China. Kusindikiza redoubts m'malo chidwi. Nyumba otchuka China wakale - "The Wall Great zikwi khumi Li" - ali ndi m'lifupi ku asanu asanu ndi mamita theka, ndi kutalika - 6-10 mamita pambuyo mtunda wina pa izo anaika wotchi nsanja, nsanja utsi chizindikiro ndiponso casemates. pamene ndime lonse anamanga mpanda wolimba. Mu dziko lakale la Greece Wamkulu Wall kale. Koma, pa zifukwa zoonekeratu (dzina lake Aleksandr Makedonsky anabwera India okha), anthu a ku Ulaya samadziwa izo. Ndipo chifukwa nyumba imeneyi epic sadakhoza kulowa m'gulu lomweli zodabwitsa za World Ancient. Koma tsopano izi zinathandiza kuti kuchotsa izi.

Great Wall la China: Map

Kusindikiza unyolo akuyamba ndi Liaodong Bay. kumadzulo Komanso chitadutsa pafupi kwambiri ku Beijing. Popeza chitetezo cha likulu anali yofunika kwambiri, gawo ili la linga wotchedwa Badaling, mpaka XIX atumwi, anakhalabe bwinobwino. Moyandikana ndi Beijing ndi kupangitsa kwambiri anapita alendo kopita - pali anthu mamiliyoni makumi pachaka. Ambiri a iwo - anthu a China. Ndipotu, ngakhale Mao Tszedun anati: "Ngati inu mulibe anapita Wamkulu Wall, inu - osati Chinese." Komanso kumadzulo waukulu unyolo za malinga zimapita kwa Gobi chipululu. Mwa njira, m'litali - makilomita oposa zikwi zisanu ndi zitatu, ndi odzimva nthambi zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo mwachindunji kuchokera m'mphepete m'mphepete, Khoma Lalikulu la China (khadi amalola kuti kuwerengetsera) anatambasula "yekha" 2 196 Km. Kwambiri chidwi chithunzi, kugwirizana. Choncho, mu 1987, UNESCO m'gulu chinthu ichi mu mndandanda wake.

Ntchito yomanga Wall Wamkulu wa China

Cholinga cha zomangamanga linali losavuta - kuteteza wotuluka akunjawo kuchokera kumpoto. nyengo yakale yoyendera sankadziwa mankhwala ena aliwonse kupatulapo mikondo, ngalande ndi makoma ndi nsanja. Yomanga mpanda wolimba kwambiri inayamba mu 220 BCE, m'nyengo ya "chikumenyana". Pa nthawi yomweyo pomanga panafika anthu oposa wani miliyoni. chithunzi zoona. Ndi limodzi mwa magawo asanu a anthu China a pa nthawiyo. Mpanda anali kuteteza "Middle Ufumu" kuchokera woyendayendawu Hsiung-Num. Mu nthawi maudindo ndi wankhanza wolamulira Qin Shi Huang-Ti yomanga Wall Wamkulu wa China watenga kufanana chachikulu. Ngati kale izo anamangidwira kuchokera ku zipangizo wosazindikira, koma tsopano anayamba ntchito mwala. Kogwirizana njira anatumikira monga ufa mpunga. Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, anaphedwa pomanga anthu pafupifupi mamiliyoni awiri. Mtundu uwu wa Chinese "kusisima Wall." .

chitetezo ogwira?

Pomanga Wall wakhala padera kwambiri ndalama onse anapereka miyoyo yambiri choncho, izo zinkawoneka, iye anali kukhala kunja odalirika kwa zaka zambiri. Komabe, izo sizinachitike. achepetse wotsatira anamangidwira malo atsopano (makamaka yogwira zinamangidwa pa Han - makilomita zikwi khumi), koma osati zotulukapo chogwirika. alonda pa khamu mantha, kudula kumbuyo, chabe zapita asilikali mdani mu hinterland lapansi. Anthu zigawo pakhoma kuti abwera kwa ife, - zomangamanga uyu wa akale China. Iwo anamanga pa nthawi imene ufumu anadwala nkhondo ya asilikaliwa.

Nkhambakamwa ndi Zenizeni

Chinachake monga mwachizolowezi, nyumba wotchuka wazunguliridwa ndi nthano zakale Chinese ndi mbiri zosatsimikiza. Mwachitsanzo, pali maganizo kuti mpandawo Tingaone kachipangizo kapena spacecraft - choncho chachikulu. Ndipotu, kapangidwe m'lifupi mamita asanu chimachititsa zosatheka. Ngakhale NASA zithunzi mwa iye kuonedwa - monga, nyumba ndithu, ena. nthano ina za Wall Wamkulu wa China - ngakhale akufa ndi njala, chogwira ntchito mopitirira muyeso ndipo matenda ogwira anakumba mwachindunji ku maziko mafupa awo wamphamvu angongole dongosolo. Kafukufuku akusonyeza kuti kanthu koma ufa mpunga, anapezeka pakati pa miyala.