Sodium carbonate: chilinganizo, katundu, kukonzekera

Koloko phulusa - zinthu ili bwino kwa aliyense ndi pafupifupi aliyense amadziwa zitsanzo osachepera ochepa kumene ingagwiritsidwe ntchito. Dzina lovomerezeka la thunthu - ndi sodium carbonate, chilinganizo - Na2CO3. Kunja koloko phulusa ndi ufa woyera, mwina akuimira mu mawonekedwe a granules wa mtundu womwewo. Pali dzina lina pawiri ichi - koloko phulusa, koma pa nthawiyi pasakhale zolakwa m'njira yakuti si lachilendo kwa ife tsiku ndi tsiku, koloko. Choncho limatchedwanso chifukwa mankhwala kugwirizana ndi kukonzekera ndondomeko - calcination - madzi m'thupi la ndi sodium crystalline pa kutentha.

Enaake koloko - mmodzi wa zipangizo chakale kwambiri mu mbiri ya anthu. More Ancient Egypt zakale ali ndi mfundo za thunthu ndi sodium carbonate, chilinganizo chimene, ndithudi, patapita nthawi yaitali chinalembedwa. Papyrus, ife amanena kuti ku Iguputo pawiri limeneli linakonzedwa kwa nyanja, komanso phulusa analandira kuchokera zomera moto munali soda. Tikumbukenso kuti Egypt anakhalabe sewerolo yaikulu komanso katundu koloko pa dziko msika mpaka cha m'ma XVII, kukhala padziko lonse apanyanja mphamvu, Iguputo adachimanga Spain monga katundu atongi wa koloko phulusa. Zopangapanga, ndi chitukuko cha mafakitale latsopano zimafunika kuchuluka kwa mankhwala ofunika, koma chifukwa 1775 ndi French Academy kwambiri njira imene encyclopedists wotchuka anakonza mpikisano otsegula chitukuko cha ndondomeko mafakitale yopangira enaake koloko. Wopambana uyu "zochitika mankhwala" wakhala wotchuka French pharmacist ndi wasayansi experimental Nikolay Leblan, amene kwa nthawi yoyamba mu 1792 anali m'mafakitale opangidwa ndi sodium carbonate, chilinganizo cha zimenezi zinalembedwa ngati Na2CO3. Ntchito Leblanc ankaimira agwire anachita kupanga mankhwala a sodium kolorayidi ndi choko zachilengedwe ndi zosakaniza wa sulphate ndi sodium. The Sungunulani anachita chinapezeka, wopangidwa mwa Na2C03 ndi CaS, kumene madzi ndi leached ndi carbonate sodium, pawiri wa chilinganizo - Na2CO3.

Leblanc njira kwa nthawi yaitali, wakhala adzasowa. Ofufuza ena, ntchito yomanga mafakitale kwa yopanga makeke ankapita wa agglomerations m'matauni ndi ndende ya anthu m'madera a m'tawuni. Koloko kupanga ndipo anathandizapo chitukuko cha madera ena a makampani mankhwala, monga ulimi wa sulfuric ndi nitric zidulo.

Development kupanga koloko chinachititsa kuti magwero a zipangizo za ulimi wa pyrites chitsulo, mchere, saltpeter.

Only kwa zaka kenako mu njira Leblanc anaonekera odana - amoniya koloko kupanga njira. Zinali sitepe patsogolo mogwirizana ntchito zochepa, kutentha, zipangizo, ndi chifukwa, ndi mtengo kwambiri.

Iwo kunyazitsa kupanga chinathandiza zikamera wa mankhwala monga sodium, kukonzekera amene anathandiza kupititsa patsogolo ntchito izo ali ngati chakudya mankhwala, tsopano amadziwika ndi dzina la chakudya zowonjezera E-500 - soda.

Chemical katundu kashiamu carbonate phulusa zotsatirazi. thunthu ndi hygroscopic, mwachitsanzo zimatenga chinyezi bwino, kodi, ndithudi, kangapo, aliyense kukhulupirira.

Kuwonjezera madzi, ndipo zimatenga carbon dioxide, limene lili mu mlengalenga zikuchokera. Izi ziyenera kuganizira pamene kasungidwe thunthu. Khalidwe ankachita koloko zakumwa zimadalira kwenikweni pa mlingo wa chinyezi ndi kutentha.

Pamene usavutike, pawiri ndi linakwiriridwa mu mpweya woipa ndi okusayidi. Koloko ali anachitira ndi asidi ndi Mwachitsanzo, sodium carbonate, acid amathiridwa chifukwa cha zimene zimachitika pakati pa mtundu wa carbon dioxide.

Sodium carbonate ndi ntchito popanga mafakitale galasi, penti ndi vanishi, sopo ndi detergents. katundu kulola ntchito pawiri izi mu kuyeretsedwa kwa mafuta, papermaking, ulimi wa caustic koloko ndipo ndi sodium salt.