Mlembi wa dikishonale ya Chirasha. Mitundu ya madikishonale

Kodi Vladimir Ivanovich Dahl ndi ndani? Wophunzira aliyense adzayankha kuti munthu uyu ndiye mlembi wa dikishonale ya Chirasha. Koma sikuti aliyense akudziwa kuti mabuku odziwa zambiriwa sikuti amapangidwira ophunzira komanso ophunzira okha. Masewerawa amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi akatswiri odziwa bwino ntchito yawo: aphunzitsi, akatswiri a philologists, omasulira ndi oimira ntchito zina. Ndipo chifukwa cha mitundu yawo pali mitundu yosiyanasiyana. M'nkhaniyi, zikuluzikuluzi zidzakambidwa.

Mbiri

Kulankhula kumasintha nthawi zonse. Ndipo chinenero chimene anthu omwe ankakhala m'dera la Russia masiku mazana anayi apitawo, amasiyana kwambiri ndi zilembo zamakono ndi zolemba. Lavrenty Zizaniy ndi mlembi wa dikishonale yomwe inafalitsidwa kumapeto kwa zaka za zana la 16. Kope lotsatira linawonekera mu 1627. Wolemba wake anali Pamvo Berynd, ndipo cholinga cha bukhu ili chinali kutanthauzira mawu ndi ziganizo za kale-Slavonic . Mu 1704 Polikarpov-Orlov analemba dikishonale yoyamba yomasuliridwa, yomwe inali ndi zigawo zotsatizana za zilankhulo zitatu: Russian, Latin, Greek.

Mawu akuti "mlembi wa dikishonale ya chinenero cha Chirasha" amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi dzina la Vladimir Dal, chifukwa ntchito ya munthu uyu ndi yofunika kwambiri m'mbiri ya zinenero za Chirasha. M'buku lake muli mawu oposa zikwi mazana awiri. Komabe, chomasulira choyamba chofotokozera nthawi zambiri amatchedwa Dictionary Dictionary ya Russian Academy, yomwe, komabe, imakhala yotsimikizika kwambiri.

Pambuyo pa Vladimir Dal, akatswiri ena apamwamba a zamaganizo monga Grot, Ushakov, ndi Ozhegov nayenso anagwira ntchito m'dera lino. Mayina awa akudziwika kwa aliyense. Ndipo aliyense amagwiritsa ntchito chithandizo cha mawu a Ozhegov, omwe ntchito zake zili zofanana ndi zolembedwera.

Malembo ofotokozera

Cholinga cha matanthauziramawa ndi kufotokoza mapepala a mapangidwe osiyanasiyana. Zilibe matanthawuzo a mawu, mawu osasunthika kapena mawu ofanana. Malembo, maofesi kapena nthambi akhoza kukhala chinenero chamasulira cha Chirasha. Alemba - Ushakov, Ozhegov. Mabuku ofanana ofotokozera anafalitsanso pansi pa kulembedwa kwa olemba monga OE Ivanova ndi VV Lopatin.

Dictionaries ofotokoza

Mau ochepa adanenedwa kale za mtundu uwu wa madikishonale. Kuyenera kuwonjezeredwa kuti zofalitsa zoterezi sizitanthauza kufotokoza tanthauzo la mawu kapena mawu, komanso zimaphatikizapo kufotokozera zamagetsi kapena zilembo, zitsanzo ndi ntchito zina.

Olemba mabuku otanthauzira mawu a Chirasha akuti:

• Lavrenty Zizaniy.
• Pamvo Berynd.
• Vladimir Dal.
• Dmitry Ushakov.
• Sergey Ozhegov.

Mndandanda wa pamwambawu wapangidwa mwadongosolo.

Masanthauzidwe a mawu ofanana

Kudziwa bwino chinenero cha stylistics, koposa zonse, kumatha kusankha bwino mawu omwe ali ofunika kwambiri. Mbalame yosakwanira ya semantic ingapangitse kuti lexical unit isagwirizane ndi nkhani imodzi kapena ina. Kuti tipeŵe zovuta zoterozo, mabuku apadera ofotokoza mabuku apangidwa. Mlembi wa dikishonale ya mawu ofanana a Chirasha, wofalitsidwa m'zaka za zana la XVIII, ndi D. I. Fonvizin. Koma ntchito ya wolembayo ndi playwright kugwira ntchito yamakono samayenera kugwiritsidwa ntchito. Ndi bwino kugwiritsa ntchito buku lomwe wolemba mabuku wa Chirasha, monga Kozhevnikov, adagwira ntchito.

Mitundu ina ya madikishonale

Malembo omasuliridwa angatanthauzenso mawu, mawu ovomerezeka, grammatical. Zida zoterezi zikhoza kukhala ndi ma neologisms kapena mawu akunja. Palinso madikishonale apamwamba kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ofufuza omwe ntchito yawo imagwira ntchito ya Dostoevsky inapanga dikishonale ya chinenero cha wolemba. Bukhu ili limaphatikizapo mawu ndi magulu ofotokozera omwe ali ndi timagulu tomwe timagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi wolemba za Chiwawa ndi Chilango.

Ponena za matanthauzira omasulira, munthu aliyense amene amaphunzira chinenero china ayenera kukhala ndi njira zingapo zosungira. Ndipo pamlingo winawake, pamene pali kalembedwe kokwanira, ndibwino kuti nthawi zambiri muzigwiritsa ntchito mawu otanthauzira mawu omasulira.

Ndi mabuku ati omwe ayenera kukhala nawo pahelimasi? Kodi ndani wolemba bwino kwambiri wa dikishonale ya Chirasha? Mafunso awa ndi ovuta kuyankha, chifukwa aliyense amasankha yekha zolemba zofunikira zochokera pa chikhalidwe cha ntchitoyi. Komabe, mabuku omasuliridwa a Ozhegov ndi Ushakov ayenera kukhala ali ndi wophunzira, wophunzira, kapena munthu aliyense amene amalankhula Chirasha.