"Life of Klim Samgin": mwachidule cha bukuli

M'nkhaniyi tiyang'ana ku buku lakuti "The Life of Klim Samgin." Chidule cha icho chidzakhala mutu wathu waukulu. Koma choyamba, tiyeni tiyankhule pang'ono za kapangidwe ka ntchitoyo.

Za ntchito

"Moyo wa Klim Samgin" amadziwika kuti ndi ma epic ndipo amaonedwa kuti ndi ntchito yaikulu ya Maxim Gorky. Ntchitoyi ili ndi mabuku 4, omwe analembedwa kuyambira 1925 mpaka 1936 (chaka cha imfa ya wolemba).

Lingaliro la ntchito "Life of Klim Samgin" (mwachidule mwachidule pansipa), molingana ndi Gorky mwiniwake, ndiko kusonyeza wanzeru-nzeru, zomwe zinali zambiri panthawi yoyamba ya 1907. Anthuwa poyamba adathandizira anthu ogwira ntchito komanso gulu lokonzekera, koma pang'onopang'ono amazindikira kuti sali panjira ndi Soviet Russia. Cholinga chachikulu ndicho kusonyeza chifukwa cha kusakhulupirika kwa malo awo enieni monga gulu lapamwamba.

Mwachidule, Gorky amawonetsa munthu wanzeru yemwe wasamuka kuchoka ku revolutionary kupita kwa wochokera kudziko lina.

Maxim Gorky, "Life of Klim Samgin": mwachidule

Mu Ivan Akimovich Samgin, wanzeru kwambiri, mwana wamwamuna anabadwa. Bambo anga anaganiza zomupatsa dzina lake, dzina lake - Clim, yemwe nthawi yomweyo anapanga mnyamata kukhala wapadera pakati pa ana ena - Lyuba Somova, yemwe atate ake anali dokotala; Boris, Varvara ndi Lydia, ana a malo ogona a Varavka; Igor Turoboev, yemwe, limodzi ndi Boris, anaphunzira ku sukulu ya usilikali; Alina Telepneva ndi Konstantin Makarov, abwenzi ku masewera olimbitsa thupi; Orphan Ivan Dronov, yemwe ankakhala ndi Samgins. Pakati pa Klim ndi ana awa, maubwenzi ovuta kwambiri amakula, pamene mnyamatayo amayesera kuimirira, kusiyanitsa ndi ena. Wokondedwa wamkulu wa Boris anali Boris. Udani wawo sunakhalebe mpaka Boris, pamodzi ndi Varvara, adawonongeka - ana adagwa m'nyanja.

Maphunziro a Clim ku masewera olimbitsa thupi. Panthawiyi, amayamba kugonjetsa chidwi cha amayi. Mayi wa mnyamatayo, atazindikira izi, akuganiza kuti adzalandira chiphuphu kwa Rita, kuti mnyamatayo atha kugonana ndi "otetezeka". Rita akuvomereza, ngakhale kuti akukondana ndi Doronov. Zonsezi zimadziwika kwa Clim. Izi zimabweretsa mfundo yakuti mnyamatayo amakhumudwitsidwa ndi amayi onse, ngakhale amayi ake.

Makarov amakondana ndi Lidia, koma atakangana ndi mtsikanayo adasankha kudzipha. Samghin amayesetsa kupulumutsa mnzawo, zomwe amadandaula pambuyo pake - adakonda Lida mwiniwake.

Ophunzira

Ndinayesa kufotokozera nthawi yanga shuga M. Gorky ("Life of Klim Samgin"). Chidule (gawo 1 chafotokozedwa pamwambapa) chikusonyeza momwe mlembiyo anatha kuchita izi, ngakhale kuti khalidwe lake nthawizonse limayesa kuyang'ana wapadera.

Clim anapita ku St. Petersburg atamaliza maphunziro a masewera olimbitsa thupi. Kwa iye, ndi nthawi ya wophunzira. Samgin anali ndi mndandanda watsopano, womwe unali: Dmitry, mchimwene wamkulu wa Klim, wophunzira yemwe analowa nawo nkhondo yotsutsana; Seraphim Nekhaeva, yemwe anali ndi zofooka pa chirichonse chosemphana; Msewu; Kutuzov, Bolshevik yamtsogolo ndi kusintha kwachangu, monga Lenin; Vladimir Liutov, yemwe amachokera kwa amalonda, ndi wophunzira; Elizabeth Spivak ndi mwamuna wake woimba. Komabe, mu kampani yatsopano anayesera kusiyanitsa, kuwonetsa zonse kuti ziwonongeke. Kwa amzanga atsopano adamutcha "wanzeru".

Lyutov amakondana ndi wopusa kwambiri Alina Telepnev, yemwe poyamba amavomereza kuti akhale mkazi wake, ndiyeno amakana chifukwa adakondana ndi Turboeva. Pano mutu wa mpikisano pakati pa anthu ochita bwino (Lyutov) ndi wozunzika wozunzika (Turboev) akuwonetsedwa bwino.

Kupuma mu dziko ndi kulephera mu chikondi

Clim amakhala m'dzikoli ndi anzake ena a Petersburg. Zambiri zokhudzana ndi ndale ndi mafilosofi chakumapeto kwa zaka za m'ma 19 ndi zaka za m'ma 2000 zingaphunzire kuchokera ku buku la "The Life of Klim Samgin." Chidule cha machaputalachi chimalongosola zomwe achinyamata akukumana nazo za Kumadzulo ndi Russia, filosofi ya Slavophiles ndi Kumadzulo. Zikuoneka kuti Lyutov ndi anarchist wa ku Russia. Samghin amayesa kutenga malingaliro apadera mu mikangano imeneyi, koma pamapeto pake satenga ayi. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Clim amayesa kuvomereza kwa Lydia kuti amamukonda, koma amakanidwa.

Samghin amapita ku Moscow. Pano akukumana ndi anthu atsopano, akatswiri a ku Moscow, omwe amasiyana ndi St. Petersburg adanena kuti "Russian". Ena mwa iwo: Amalume Chrysanthus, Peter Marakuev, Varvara Antipova ndi Semion Diomidov.

Kunyumba ya Liutov pali kudya, komwe Yegor Ipatyevsky, dikoni-rasstriga, amawerenga ndakatulo zake za Vaska, Khristu ndi "ruble yosadziwika". Tanthauzo lake limabisa ku mfundo yakuti ngakhale mu udani Khristu akutumikira. Lyutov amavomereza mavesiwo. Clim imamva kuti ndi yopanda pake.

Nicholas ine ndikufika, pambuyo pake zochitika zoopsa zikuchitika pa Khodynka Field, kumene anthu ambiri anaphwanyidwa pamene chiwonetserocho chinakondwerera. Samghin akuyang'anitsitsa gululo ndikuganiza za kuchepa kwa munthu pa nthawi yambiri ya maganizo.

Pali kusiyana pakati pa Clim ndi Lydia, kenako mtsikanayo akuchoka ku Paris. Samgin amapita ku chiwonetsero cha mafakitale ku Nizhny Novgorod. Apa akukumana ndi Inokov, wolemba ndakatulo komanso wolemba nkhani wabwino.

Odziwa atsopano

Monga wothandizira kusintha, Gorky akupereka mawu omveka bwino pa ntchito yake. "Life of Klim Samgin" (mwachidule cha mabuku angapezeke m'nkhaniyi) - Ntchito yokhudza kuti munthu amene alibe chidziwitso choyera komanso sali wa gulu linalake sangakwanitse kuchita chilichonse.

Clim amakumana ndi Tomilny, yemwe ali wotsimikiza kuti njira yopita ku choonadi imakhala mwa kusakhulupirira. Lingaliro ili la Nietzschean likukhala pafupi ndi Samghin. Wachikulire amadziwa katswiri wa mbiri yakale Kozlov, mfumu ndi mlezi, yemwe amakana zonse zowonongeka ndi mzimu wotsutsa.

Samghin akukumana ndi Kutuzov, yemwe ali wodzidalira ngati Kozlov, ngakhale kuti amatsatira maganizo otsutsana. Kutuzov amanena kuti anzeru ndi "revolutionaries from boredom". Kunyumba, Klim amafufuzidwa, pambuyo pake akulankhula ndi a Popov, kapitala wa asilikali. Asilikali amamupangitsa kumvetsetsa kuti Clim sadzasintha.

Kumangidwa koyamba ndi chisokonezo cha Moscow

Zomwe zinachitika mu buku la "Life of Klim Samgin" zimasamutsidwa ku Moscow (mwachidule). Pano, Klim amalankhula momasuka ndi atsogoleri a liberal intelligentsia - Tagilsky ndi Preis. Akubwera Kutuzov, pafupi ndi zomwe Samghin akumvetsa kuti zenizeni zowonongeka zikukonzekera pambali pa iye ndi gulu lake lapamtima kwambiri. Makarov amayankhula za ziphunzitso zafilosofi ya NF. Fedorov ndi malo a akazi m'mbiri.

Vyborg amwalira ndi Ivan Akimovich, bambo wa Klim. Samghin amapita ku maliro ndipo amakumana ndi mchimwene wake. Somov ndi Klim amamangidwa. Pambuyo pofunsa mafunso apolisi, Samghin amaperekedwa kuti azikhala osadziwika bwino. Clim amakana, koma iye ali ndi lingaliro lakuti iye walakwitsa. Samgin ndi Varvara Antipova ali ndi nkhani, kenako mtsikanayo ayenera kuchotsa mimba.

Mipikisano ya ophunzira imayamba ku Moscow. Samghin ali mu gulu pafupi ndi Manezh, akuwopa. Amapulumutsidwa ndi apolisi Mtrofanov. Clim amapita kumudzi, kumene amachitira zofunkha. Nkhondoyo ikuwopa mantha kwa anthu osauka.

Chisokonezo ku Moscow chikupitirirabe. Clim akuloŵerera ndi Nikonova, yemwe akudziwika kuti apolisi.

Revolution ya 1905

Anasintha kwambiri Sunday Sunday (January 9, 1905) moyo wa Klim Samgin. Chidule cha mituyi chikutiuza kuti Samghin akuyamba kugwirizana ndi gulu la kusintha. Clim ali m'ndende, akudandaula kuti akuchita zowonongeka.

Kusintha kwa 1905 kumayambira. Samghin ali ku Moscow. Pano Somova akuyamba bungwe la malo abwino, komwe kuli kotheka kuthandiza ovulazidwa. Clim mokondwera anathandiza Kutuzov ndi revolution - "Mulole chirichonse chiwoneke ku gehena." Komabe, amadziwa kuti zomwe zikuchitika zimakhudza zokonda zake. Amaphedwa ndi Turoboev. Makarov amadziwa mavuto a uzimu a anzeru. Manda a Turoboev amachitika. Samghin, Alina Telepneva, Lyutov ndi Makarov ali pangozi, omwe amapulumutsidwa ndi mbala Sasha Sudakov ndi Black Hundreds.

Rus'gorod

Kulongosola kumayambira pa zochitika zowonongeka mu buku la Life of Klim Samgin. Chidule chachidule chimasonyeza Klim, amene adapezeka pakati pa zochitika zotsutsana - pazitsulo. Bungwe lokonzanso anthu likutsogolera Comrade Yakov. Maso a wolimba mtima pali kuphedwa kwa woyang'anira Mitrofanov. Ndiye akuwona imfa ya Anfimovna. Kutentha kwakukulu kumazindikira kuti wakhala wokhoza kuzindikiritsa zochitika zomwe zili pafupi naye.

Klimov amapita ku Rusgorod m'malo mwa Kutuzov - muyenera kusonkhanitsa ndalama kwa a Bolshevik. Ali pa sitimayo akulankhula ndi lieutenant wapsysts, akuwuza kuopsa kwa kuwombera anthu pa malamulo.

Clim amakumana ndi Marina Zotova, mkazi wolemera kwambiri amene amadzichitira yekha kwa anthu omwe amaganiza bwino. Iye amakhulupirira kuti chifukwa cha kusintha ndikuti anzeru samadziwa anthu ndipo sanadziwe konse. Pano, pamodzi ndi anzake a Marina, Samghin amatsimikiza kuti ali kutali ndi "zinthu za anthu" ndipo wasudzulana nawo. Clim amakhala mboni za kuphedwa koopsa kwa bwanamkubwa.

Lydia akubwerako kuchokera kunja, Samghin akudandaula mwa iye.

Maiko akunja

Kwa zotsatira zomveka bwino zimabweretsa msilikali wake M. Gorky. Moyo wa Klim Samgin (chidule cha izi chikutsimikizira) tsopano ukupita kunja. Choyamba iye amapita ku Berlin, kumene iye wagonjetsedwa ndi kudzimva. Kenaka Clim amakumana ndi mayi ake ku Switzerland, koma akuzindikira kuti akhala osadziwika kwathunthu. Samghin amangokhala kwathunthu. Nkhaniyi imachokera ku Geneva - Liutov anadzipha.

Ku Paris, Clim amakumana ndi Marina Zotova. Berdnikov ndi Popov amati Samghin amakhala chinsinsi cha mkazi, akulonjeza kulipira kwabwino, koma msilikali amakana.

Bwererani

Munthu wosamvetsetseka komanso wosasamala amavomerezedwa ndi Gorky. "Moyo wa Klim Samgin," mwachidule mwachidule ndizowona, ndiko kufotokoza za tsoka lomwe linafika kwa anzeru pa nthawi ya kusintha.

Clim, pozindikira kuti kusungulumwa kwawo kwina kwandikulira, akubwerera ku Russia. Amapha Marina Zotov. Pa mlandu wake wopha anthu, Bezbedova akukayikira, yemwe akuphedwa m'ndende mlandu usanayambe.

Varvara akufa. Ku Moscow, Samghin akuyesera kukonza nyuzipepala ya ufulu wodzipereka. Nkhani za imfa ya LN imabwera. Tolstoy, yomwe imakondweretsa ndi kuopseza aliyense pozungulira.

Nkhondo Yoyamba Padziko Lonse

"Moyo wa Klim Samgin" umatha pamapeto (chidule chafotokozedwa m'magulu pamwambapa). Nkhondo yoyamba yapadziko lonse ikuwonekera, yomwe mu bukuli ikuyimira chiwonongeko cha malingaliro onse. Samghin amapita ku Borovichi kutsogolo. Kumeneko adadziwana ndi Lieutenant Petrov, yemwe ndi chitsanzo cha kusokonezeka kwa asilikali. Kugonjetsedwa kwa makhalidwe kwa ankhondo kumatsimikiziranso ndi kuphedwa kwa Taghilsky ndi mkulu waukali.

Clim ikubwerera kuchokera kutsogolo. Apa akufika madzulo kwa Leonid Andreev, yemwe amanena kuti anthu adzakhala amodzi okha akazindikira kuti ali okha m'chilengedwe chonse.

Iyamba mu 1917, ndipo ndi iyo Revolution ya February. Tsogolo la chikhalidwe chachikulu sichidziwika bwino, chifukwa bukuli liri ndi mathero omasuka. Zikuoneka kuti izi zimakhala chifukwa cha imfa ya msinkhu wa Gorky mwiniwake, yemwe sanathe kuthetsa chinthu chovuta kwambiri pamoyo wake.

Motero kumathera "Life of Klim Samgin" yolemba "mwachidule" (mwachidule). "Brifly" - chithandizo chimene mungathe kuwerenga ntchito yonse.