Zosatheka sosholisimu mu West ndi ku Russia

Zoyambirira za m'ma 19 amakhala ndi kufalikira lonse la maganizo a sosholisimu zosatheka. ziphunzitso zatsopano kusonyeza wofuna kusintha ndi dongosolo latsopano la anthu. Mu sosholisimu izi zosatheka, ndi malingaliro ake anali chitsanzo maganizo kwambiri a dongosolo chitukuko mtsogolo. Development wa chiphunzitso, mwa kulankhula kwina, osati potengera malamulo ndi magulu a anthu galimoto.

Lingaliro la "enaake" amatanthauza "malo osakhala sakupezeka."

West European zosatheka sosholisimu inachokera pa malingaliro a anzeru zazikulu za mibadwo 16-17 (Thomas More, Campanella, Winstanley). Mapangidwe chiphunzitso chatsopano anali makamaka chifukwa osakwanira chitukuko ubale capitalist m'zaka za m'ma 19. The chododometsa zikuchitika mu nyengo bwino anasonyeza kupanda ungwiro dongosolo. Kufala kwa bizinesi muzochitika zonse chikwiyire kutsutsa lakuthwa wa oimira Boma osiyana a anthu, kuphatikizapo Nazi zosatheka.

Otsatira Mora chiphunzitso ananena kwa chosemphana ndi kufupika ubale capitalist. Nazi zosatheka anapanga zopereka kwambiri kwa chuma, anayamba kuganizira kukula kwa maubale ngati mbiri ndondomeko, imene pali kusintha pang'onopang'ono. Pankhaniyi, sitepe imodzi motere wina, apamwamba.

Nthawi zambiri, sosholisimu zosatheka analalikira kuti dongosolo capitalist sadzatha kuti akalandire chisangalalo cha anthu ambiri, ndipo pankhaniyi, m'malo mwake ayenera kubwera chipangizo chipangizo kwambiri.

Movement anapanga m'njira zitatu. Choncho, France mitundu lamadyerero zosatheka anali Fourierism ndi Saint-Simonianism, ndi UK - ouenizm.

Nthumwi wotchuka kwambiri wa gulu French anali Saint-Simoni (Klod Anri de A Ruvrua). Iye anali ntchito monga "Katekisimu wa industrialists ndi", "Industrial System", "New Chikhristu". Ngakhale kuti maganizo a Nazi n'komwe makamaka mwachindunji kwa mavuto sociological, anakonza zopereka kwambiri kwa chuma ndale.

woganiza wina wamkulu, kunali zosatheka zokomera Foriya (Fransua Mari Charles). Iye amakhala ntchito "Chiphunzitsochi wa malo onse ndi magulu anayi", "chikhalidwe ndi mafakitale mtendere latsopano" ndi "chiphunzitso cha umodzi dziko."

Foriya anali wothandiza wa lingaliro chilakolako. Malinga ndi iye, munthu - kukhala wolimba, opanda propensities zoipa. Komabe, zabwino chilakolako anthu mchikakamizo cha zochitika m'mbiri kukhala negative. Pa nkhani imeneyi, anapitiriza Foriya, zikhalidwe kusintha mmene anthu kukhala mogwirizana.

Mu England, Robert Owen anakhala nthumwi wotchuka kwambiri wa gululi. Mu ntchito zake "Report Lenark County" ndi "Buku la New World Moral" woganiza, otsutsana bizinesi inachokera Komabe, pa chuma ndale za Agiriki dongosolo.

Ndi 40 TH zaka za m'ma 19 anayamba kufalitsa zosatheka sosholisimu mu Russia. Anthu ena m'deralo ankaona kuti anayambitsa chiphunzitso chatsopano ndi kulimbikitsa demokalase chosintha. Ena otchedwa kayendedwe latsopano "Russian sosholisimu". Oyambitsa ndi olimbikitsa lingaliro la malangizo atsopano anasonyeza kwambiri kudana analipo m'nyengo ya chikhalidwe.

Russian zosatheka sosholisimu chifukwa cha mawu a chiphunzitso cha yabwino dongosolo boma kokha pa mfundo za zinthu wogwila m'mudzi wamba m'dera la kumidzi. Zinali pano, malinga kumbali, panalibenso kusiyana kudzera umwini ndi lamulo la mgwirizano pakati pa anthu a m'gulu zinachitikadi mothandizidwa ndi miyambo ndi, osati malamulo boma.

Makolo ndi chiphunzitso cha zosatheka sosholisimu mu Russia anali ngati otchuka monga Chernyshevsky, Herzen, Belinsky.