Mtundu wa ntchito "Ashik-Kerib". Ashik-Kerib: mwachidule

Ntchito "Ashik-Kerib" ndi nthano ya ku Turkey yolembedwa ndi MV Lermontov, pokhala yoyamba kutchulidwa ku Caucasus. Anatengedwa ukapolo kumeneko mu 1937 chifukwa cha ndakatulo yake yowononga "The Death of A Poet." Anadabwa kwambiri ndi imfa yopanda nzeru ya Alexander Pushkin, ndipo amatsutsa akuluakulu onse achipembedzo pamodzi ndi Tsar Nicholas I. Ndipo tsopano, pokhala ku Caucasus pakati pa mapiri okongola ndi mitsinje, nthawi yake yopambana, amaphunzira mwambo wamakono. Ndipo n'zosadabwitsa kuti mbiri yakale ya chikondi yomwe Caucasus lonse, Middle East ndi Central Asia inadziŵa za iye sizinamulepheretse ndipo adauzira kulengedwa kwa nkhaniyi.

Chidule

"Ashik-Kerib" amayamba ndi mfundo yakuti kamodzi kanthawi mumzinda wa Tiflis anali wolemera kwambiri wamalonda wa ku Turkey. Ndipo iye anali ndi golide wochuluka. Koma chuma chake chachikulu ndi mwana wake yekhayo wa rasprekrasnaya wotchedwa Magul-Megery.

Nthawi ina adawona kukongola uku kunali kosauka kwambiri Ashik-Kerib ndipo pomwepo adagwidwa ndi chikondi. Koma anali wosauka kwambiri kuti asadalire mkwatibwi wotere. Komabe, adali ndi mtima waukulu komanso woyera. Iye ankatha kusewera pa sazi ndi kulemekezedwa mu nyimbo zake akale a nkhondo a Turkestan.

Chiyembekezo chopeza dzanja la wokondedwa wake, analibe pafupi. Ndipo izi zinamupangitsa iye kukhala wolimba kwambiri pa moyo. Ndipo tsiku lina, pamene anali kugona pansi pa munda wamphesa, Magul-Megeri anayenda ndi anzake okondwa. Mmodzi wa abwenzi ake adalumphira ndipo adayamba kudzuka Ashik-Kerib ndi mawu akuti: "Si nthawi yoti mugone pamene gazi lanu likudutsa." Mnyamatayo mwamsanga adadzuka. Ndipo Magul-Megery anayandikira kwa iye. Iwo ankalankhula. Ashik-Kerib anamuuza za chisoni chake ndi chikondi chake kwa iye, akudandaula kwambiri kuti bambo ake sadzapereka mwana wake wokondedwa ngati wopemphapempha. Koma Magul-Megeri adanena kuti bamboyo ndi wolemera kwambiri ndipo adzamupatsa golidi, zomwe zili zokwanira kwa iwo awiri. Ingomusiyani iye kuti amufunse dzanja lake. Koma Ashik-Kerib anali mnyamata wonyada ndipo sankafuna kunyozedwa chifukwa chokhala wosauka.

Kukula kwa chiwembu

Amapereka mawu akuti Magul-Megeri kuti ndendende zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri adzayendayenda padziko lonse lapansi ndikupanga chuma chake, ndiyeno adzabwera kwa iye. Ndipo ngati izi sizikuchitika, ndiye kuti ali wokonzeka kufa m'chipululu chotentha cha malo ena. Magul-Megeri anayenera kugwirizana. Koma adamuchenjeza kuti ngati sangabwerere pa nthawi yoikika, adzakwatirana ndi Bekurshud, amene adamuwombera kwa nthawi yaitali.

Kenako Ashik-Kerib anapita kwa amayi ake, nam'pempha kuti adalitse, adampsompsona mlongo wake ndikumusiya. Atachoka mumzindawo, adagwidwa ndi wokwerapo. Iko kunali Kurshud-bek, yemwe ankafunanso kuyenda naye. Koma, atayandikira mtsinje ndi Ashik-Kerib, atadula zovala zake, adanyamuka kupita kumtunda, bulu la Kurshud lachinyengo silinasambira pambuyo pake, koma atatenga zovala za munthu wosaukayo, adakwera. Iye anachita izi kuti asonyeze zinthu za Ashik-Kerib Magul-Megery ndi amayi ake ndipo motero anawatsimikizira kuti mnyamatayu anali atamira. Komabe, Magul-Megery wanzeru sanakhulupirire nkhani yake ndipo adafunanso kuyembekezera wokondedwa wake.

Kutambasula

Panthawiyi, woyendayenda wosauka adayenda kudziko lakunja ndikuyimba anthu ndi chidutswa cha mkate. Koma kamodzi mumzinda wa Khalaf adali ndi mwayi. Pamene anali kuimba m'nyumba ya khofi m'nyumba ya khofi, akulemekeza Megul-Megery wake wokongola, anamva phokoso lalikulu lomwe anauzidwa ndi kuimba kwake ndipo anamutumiza kumalo ake. Kuyambira nthawi imeneyo, tsiku ndi tsiku, golidi ndi siliva zinamugwera. Anayamba kukhala wokondwa komanso wolemera. Ndipo mwinamwake, iye anaiwala Megido-Megeri wake, ndipo mwina ayi, koma nthawi inali ikufika kumapeto, ndipo iye sanali kupita panjira. Ndipo Magul-Megery anaganiza kuti adzikumbutse yekha. Amatumiza mbale ya golidi wamalonda kuchokera ku Tiflis (yemwe anali ndi ngamila makumi anayi ndi akapolo 80), kuti apite kuzungulira midzi ya kummawa ndikuwonetsa mbale iyi kuti asonyeze mpaka atapeza mbuye wake. Ndipo wothandizirayo adapeza. Ashik-Kerib, akuwona mbaleyo, anakumbukira Megul-Megery ndipo posachedwa zasobiralsya panjira. Koma mwadzidzidzi anazindikira kuti sakanatha, ndipo anapemphera kwa Mulungu mosamalitsa ndipo ankafuna kudziponyera yekha. Koma mwadzidzidzi ndinaona wokwera bwino wokwera pahatchi yoyera, amene anaganiza zomuthandiza ndikupita naye ku malo ake. Pambuyo pake, anali yekha Haderilias (George Wopambana).

Kutsiriza kokondwa

Tsopano, patapita nthawi ku Tiflis, Ashik-Kerib ankadandaula kuti anthu sangamukhulupirire pamene adapeza kuti adafika mzindawo kamphindi, chifukwa sakanakhala ndi miyezi iwiri kuti apite kuno. Ndiye wokwerayo anamupatsa mtanda wa pansi kuchokera pansi pa ziboda za kavalo wake ndipo anati iye adamupukuta mkazi wosawona maso, ndipo amatha. Pamene Ashik-Kerib anabwera kunyumba kwake, ndipo kunali madzulo, amayi ndi alongo anali kunyumba. Mayi akulira chifukwa mwana wake wamachiritso ndipo zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri palibe chomwe chawonetsedwa. Akazi amalola kuti woyendayenda agone usiku, koma iwo sanamuzindikire Ashik-Kerib mwa iye.

Kenaka adamupempha kuti adziwe, yomwe idapachikidwa pa khoma. Anasiya ndalama za golide monga chikole, anapita naye ku ukwatiwo. Zikuoneka kuti Bek-bek anakonza phwando laukwati ndipo kale amakwatira Magul-Megery. Usiku umenewo iye anali woti akhale mkazi wake. Koma mkwatibwi analibe mtima wosangalala. Anakhala pa Chapra wolemera ndi abwenzi ake ndipo adagwira nkhonya m'dzanja limodzi, ndi mu mbale ina ndi poizoni. Koma pamene woyendayendayo adayamba kuimba ndikuyamba kuimba nyimbo zomwe adawona, pomwepo adadziwa mau ake a Ashik-Kerib, adadula nsaru ndipo adathamanga kumapiko ake. Mlongo, atawona zochitika zonse zodabwitsa izi, anathamanga ndi kutsogolera amayi ake. Kenako Ashik-Kerib, kotero kuti aliyense akhulupirire nkhani zake, adayang'ana maso a mayi wosawona ndi dziko lapansi, pomwepo anamuwona ndipo adamuzindikira mwana wake.

Mtundu wa ntchito "Ashik-Kerib"

Chabwino, tinganene chiyani za izi zonse? Ndine wokondwa kuti "Ashik-Kerib" ndi nthano yokhala ndi chisangalalo chosangalatsa, kumene mayi adapezanso mwana wake wamwamuna, mlongo wake, mkwatibwi. Ndipo Kurshudu-Ashik-Kerib adapempha kuti akwatire mlongo wamng'ono Magul-Megery, yemwe anali wokongola kwambiri kuposa wamkulu. Ndipo mwangwiro anyamata onse a nkhani yabwinoyi anasangalala. Ntchito yabwino kwambiri ya "Ashik-Kerib" imayankhula kale.

Pogwiritsa ntchito chiwembu cha mtundu uwu, Lermontov amalembetsa khalidweli pamagulu a nthano. Pali olemekezeka abwino komanso oipa, opereka ndi othandizira, zozizwa ndi zochitika. Lermontov inasunga zinyama zonse zokongola, ndipo inakhala ntchito yabwino kwambiri yodziwika bwino kummawa kwa Asia "Ashik-Kerib". Nthano iyi inafalitsidwa pambuyo pa imfa ya ndakatulo mu mndandanda "Dzulo ndi lero" ndi V. A. Sologub mu 1846. Kenaka anali wokonda kwambiri chikhalidwe cha anthu a ku Caucasus. Iwo ankakonda mtundu wosavuta wa mbiri ya ntchito "Ashik-Kerib", ndipo kenako anasankhidwa kuti awamasulire m'zinenero zosiyanasiyana: Azerbaijani, Armenian, Georgian, Kabardian ndi ena.

"Ashug-Gharib"

Mtundu wa ntchito "Ashik-Kerib" ukuwoneka ngati chithandizo china cha mtundu wa Lermontov nthano zachikhalidwe ndi nthano, zomwe panthaŵiyo iye ankakonda kwambiri. N'kutheka kuti ndi mtundu wa Azerbaijan - luso lapadera lofotokozera nkhani zakuda. Mwachionekere, "Ashik-Kerib" ndi nthano ya chi Turkey, mwinamwake, kotero ndakatulo mwiniwakeyo anafotokoza izo. Ndipo poyamba, mwinamwake, anali nalo dzina lakuti "Ashug-Gharib". Mawu oti "ashik-ashug" akutanthauza "woimba nyimbo", saaz ndi chida choimbira, koma mawu oti keryb-gharib amatanthauza "wosauka mlendo". Mikhail Lermontov "Ashik-Kerib" inasintha kwambiri kukhala mabuku ofotokoza za ku Russia, omwe lero akuwerengedwa ndi mbadwa.