M'mimba ziwalo: kugawanika ndi kuphunzira

Chimbudzi - njira imene timachita mosalingalira, ndi zikugwira chamoyo pa mlingo reflex. Zimenezi ndi zovuta chotero yovomerezeka kufunsa munthu wofuna kuphunzira zinthu zatsopano, "chimbudzi ndi chiyani?". Ku maganizo a dokotala, ndi chakudya processing, thupi ndi mankhwala. Chifukwa, izo zitakhala zotheka mayamwidwe zinthu, komanso kuchotsa zinthu zotha.

m'mimba ziwalo - anati ziwalo dzenje, chitsulo enaake, zomwe zimathandiza kuphwanya nsinga mankhwala zipangizo. Mwachitsanzo, mbatata mkate chakudya chakudya ndi mu mawonekedwe a wowuma, iwo sangakhoze anaphunzira mpaka mamolekyulu wowuma unagwa kwa shuga. Nyama mapuloteni komanso yokha sangathe kuphunzira - kufunika kum'kulitsa kwa zigawo zikuluzikulu - amino zidulo (imene thupi kumanga mapuloteni akeake). Mafuta pa Seraya sangakhale mu thupi la sing'anga - pokhapokha therefrom ndi chimbudzi analandira zidulo mafuta ndi glycerin.

M'mimba Maphunziro Akakhalidwe Kazolengedwa ndi zinthu zomwe, pamene m'thupi, osati chilengedwe thupi. Kuti tichite zimenezi, iwo kulandira masinthidwe ambiri. Ndiyeno kumachitika mwa woonda mucosal mayamwidwe. Ingestion mulinso chiwindi, malovu England , ndi kapamba. Komanso, mu mpanda ziwalo m'mimba ndi zopangitsa kuti apange zinthu zofunika chimbudzi. makoma onse ataphimbidwa ndi ntchofu, motero kuchepetsa Mwina kuvulaza chipolopolo wosakhwima.

chakudya umakaniko ankachitira mano, ndiye wothira malovu. Malovu ndi magulu atatu a zopangitsa lalikulu ndi ambiri ang'onoang'ono. Mu zigawo izi madzi ndi organic, mchere komanso zinthu zopangidwa kuwonongeka kwa leukocytes. Koma chinthu chachikulu - lili ndi michere awiri - ptyalin (yopuma pansi wowuma) ndi maltase (amang'amba shuga rye, balere, etc.). Kuchokera mkamwa mwa pharynx ndi chakudya akulowa kum'mero.

Kum'mero - chubu kuti angatchedwe mzere mwachilungamo molunjika. Iwo ali ndi multilayered squamous epithelium. Maselo amenewa amapereka amakonzedwa mosalekeza kusinthidwa, chifukwa iwo zosavuta kuwavulaza. Fission amapezeka mu zigawo zozama, pamene kunja exfoliated ndi pansi mu mimba ndi chakudya. The submucosa ndi pang'ono khansa - khansa ya kholingo. Kuzungulira m'mimba, iwo ofanana mu mankhwala kuti aime pa m'mimba, umboni dzina la England mtima. Pa chiyambi cha zambiri kum'mero minofu striated, koma wachitatu m'munsi kokha minofu yosalala ulusi. kumeza ndondomeko amayamba bwino, koma kenako n'kuyamba ayankhe reflex. Pambuyo esophageal chakudya zambiri ziwalo m'mimba monga m'mimba ndipo matumbo.

M'mimba ntchito ngati chosakanizira kwambiri chifukwa chitukuko minofu. Mu thupi limayamba mapuloteni pogawanikana pamawere ntchito pepsin enzyme, mabakiteriya akuphedwa acid amathiridwa. Chifukwa cha chimbudzi mmimba akutembenukira zili theka-madzi wogawana akanadulidwa - chyme. Kwa izo ndi odzipereka mu malo omwewo madzi mchere, mowa, mankhwala. The m'mimba umabala mamolekyulu antianemic china.

Kamodzi chakudya akulowa yaing'ono intestine. Kutalika kwa izo - avareji mamita asanu. Choyamba 30 cm - ndi duodenum. Iwo Ufumuyo ziwalo moyandikana ndi kuyenda mozungulira mutu wa kapamba. Ndiye atuluka luso, ndiyeno ileum. Mu wa intestine kakang'ono anamaliza chimbudzi ndi kusankha mankhwala a chimbudzi ali odzipereka mu magazi ndi lymph. Mu intestine chochepa maphunziro apadera - ndi villi, amene kusauka m'dera suction. Mu otaya ducts intestine a chiwindi (ya ndulu) ndi kapamba. Chifukwa, izo potsiriza m'mimba ndi odzipereka chakudya, mafuta ndi mapuloteni. Ndipo mafuta ochokera mu lymph, motero zikugwirizana ndi magazi.

Lalikulu zatsalira intestine chimbudzi wathunthu, koma "yekha" mabakiteriya zosauma. Odzipereka madzi, ndi chakudya zinyalala kupeza kugwirizana kwa ndowe. M'gawo lomaliza, rectum zinyansi kudikira kuchotsedwa mu ndondomeko ya defecation. Choncho mapeto ndondomeko ya chimbudzi. Nkofunika ziwalo zonse m'mimba, koma ntchito zawo yolongosoka angathandize maselo mthupi udatsitsimutsidwa ndi pamaso pa nkhani nyumba maselo.