Fable ndi kasupe wa nzeru

Aesop - woyamba fabulist. Nthano ndi mtundu wa zolemba zamtundu uliwonse, wokhala ndi chingwe chowopsa. Kawirikawiri imachitidwa mwachidule cha nkhani ya vesi, yomwe ikuwonetsera ubale wa anthu ndi ntchito mwa mawonekedwe ophiphiritsira. Akuluakulu ojambula m'nthano akhoza kuchita monga anthu ndi zinyama.
Zimakhulupirira kuti wakale wa Chigiriki wotchedwa Aesop ndi amene anayambitsa malangizo ngati fable. Koma "fano la Aesop" ndilo, chifaniziro chofanana chomwe chimagwiritsa ntchito wolemba ndakatulo wakale wachigiriki onse maphunziro okhudzidwa. Zakale, nkhanizi zinasonkhanitsidwa kuyambira zaka za m'ma 15 mpaka 10. Ndipo kutha zaka 4-3. BC

"Fable ya Aesop" si nyumba yosungiramo ziwembu chabe, komanso imayambitsa maziko apadera "chinenero cha Aesopiya", chomwe chinapangidwa mwamsanga. Mawu awa amasonyeza kuti nkhaniyo ili ndi tanthauzo la mtundu wina wa tanthauzo losadziwika, limene wowerenga ayenera kulingalira nthano. Poyamba, nthano sizinkadziwa gwero lapansi. Zinalembedwa kwa anthu ndi chinenero chosavuta. Nthano zoyambirira mu Chirasha zinalembedwa mu syllable yamakono pogwiritsira ntchito mawu osadziwika. IA Krylov amaonedwa kuti ndi woyamba ku Russia. Ndi iye yemwe ankadziwa owerenga ndi ntchito za Aesop, Lafontaine ndi Nkhondo. Zolengedwa zawo, iye sanangotembenuzidwa mu Chirasha, koma komanso ennobled. IA Krylov adakweza nkhani zabodza ku khoti. Mu 1808 gulu loyamba la wolemba linafalitsidwa. Anapulumuka pazinthu zambiri zobwereranso. Ndi 30 zokha zomwe amalemba ngongoleyo, koma zonsezo ndizolemba pake. Nkhani zambiri, zomwe mtundu wa dziko unasonyezedwa, zinamasuliridwa m'zinenero zosiyanasiyana za ku Ulaya.

Fable ndi mphunzitsi wa moyo

Anthu otchulidwa m'nthano ndi zinyama zomwe zimakhala ndi makhalidwe a umunthu. Osati zochita zokha zaumunthu zomwe zimachitidwa ndi nyama, komanso maonekedwe a anthu, zomwe zimafotokozedwa momveka bwino ndi khalidwe limene anthu amasonyeza kuti ali ndi makhalidwe ena, amasonyeza lingaliro lalikulu la ntchitoyo. "Musaumitse, ngati bulu, opusa, ngati turkey, osasamala ndi oganiza bwino, ngati nyani," inatero fable. Ichi ndi chiphunzitso cha maphunziro, chomwe chimapangidwa kudzera mu fano la nyama. Ichi ndicho chikhalidwe chachikulu cha fano. Maphunziro a sukulu anaphatikizapo ntchito ya IAKrylov, KD Ushinsky, LN Tolstoy, S. Mikhalkov ndi ena olemba. Mawu ambiri agwiritsidwa ntchito ngati miyambi. "Ndipo Vaska amamvetsera, koma amadya", "Sindinazindikire Njovu", "Ndipo chifuwa chinatsegulidwa" - wotchuka kwambiri.

Nthano za ana zimapindulitsa kwambiri, chifukwa mothandizidwa ndi malingaliro ndi zojambula, zimakhudza kwambiri mwanayo, zimapanga mfundo zamakhalidwe abwino.

Nthano kwa ana. Ntchito yophunzira

Kuchokera pa zosavuta kuzinthu zovuta, kuyambira zosavuta kufika zovuta, kuchokera kwa odziwika mpaka osadziwika, amatsogolera mwanayo. Izi ndizimene zimayambira malemba.

Nthano ndi chuma osati kokha pa ntchito ya chinenero, komanso poleredwa ndi mwana wamakhalidwe abwino, kuthekera kumvetsetsa bwino nkhani, kuwerenga ndi kufotokozera, komanso kuthekera kwasinthidwe zomwe zili m'nthano.