Mtundu wanyimbo

Mitundu zolembalemba - magulu a ntchito zolembalemba, omwe ndi ogwirizana pa maziko a makhalidwe yokhala ndi substantive. iwo yaitali, akukumana zikamera, kuyanga, ndipo ena pansi. Kuwachitira mabuku, yochepa nkhani, elegies, satires, nthano, sewero lanthabwala ndi zina zotero. D. Lingaliro la Mitundu zolembalemba kuchepera kuposa ntchito zolembalemba. Aliyense mtundu zolembalemba accommodates Mitundu angapo. Mwachitsanzo, buku, lalifupi nkhani buku mbali yaikulu ya wolemba mtundu wa mabuku.

Ulendo oyamba dongosolo Mitundu zolembalemba anayamba wake "Poetics" ndi Aristotle. Iye anaimira iwo monga chinthu chachibadwidwe, kukhazikitsa kamodzi kwa nthawi zonse. analilemba longoyenera mu malamulo a mtundu wanyimbo kumene akupita. kumvetsa Izi zapangitsa kuti zikamera a mtundu wa normative poetics mabuku. Wotchuka kwambiri pakati pawo anali ndemanga "ndakatulo Art" N. Boileau. Kumene, kuyambira Aristotle zolembalemba mibadwo Mitundu musakhale zikutsatiridwa kwathunthu, koma theorists amafuna kuti mwina kunyalanyaza luso kapena kukana iwo. Zinatha bola ngati palibe njira, sichikwiya zosatheka kunachitika mabuku. Ena Mitundu Zomwe analemba mwadzidzidzi unakwera mmwamba ndipo monga mofulumira kufa, apo ikufalikira m'chizimezime kulenga (monga izo zinali ballad). Ena, pa mwake mwa lopanda chilungamo "mapeto" (Mwachitsanzo, buku).

Mchiphunzitso zoweta zolembalemba kulungamitsa Mitundu zolembalemba ndi mibadwo, adzaupereka kwa V. G. Belinskomu. Iye anafotokoza mitundu itatu, malingana ndi njira ya wolemba njira yoperekera nkhani ya kukambirana kuti: epic, masewero ndi ndakatulo.

Pofuna ntchito ku mtundu wanyimbo makamaka zimadalira zimene i azitsatira. Ngati inu kuganizira mtundu zolembalemba (sewero, ndakatulo, epic), Mitundu yonse zidzasankhidwa, motero, kwambiri, m'nyimbo ndi yadzaoneni.

Ntchito kuimira mtundu kwambiri mabuku - ndi Comedy, sewero ndi matsoka.

Comedy lakonzedwa kusonyeza chinachake n'komwe mu moyo, kunyozedwa, m'banja kapena chikhalidwe chodabwitsa, makhalidwe a umunthu, nthawi zina zosamveka khalidwe.

Drama - ntchito zosonyeza nkhondo zovuta pakati Anthu angapo omwe ankatsutsa kwambiri pakati pawo.

Tsoka - ndi ntchito imene chikhalidwe cha khalidwe anamasulira mu nkhondo, zikubweretsa imfa yake kapena zinthu zomwe iye samaziwona mwamtheradi njira kunja.

Zomwe analemba, woimira mtundu wa mabuku epic, anawagawa m'magulu atatu:

- chachikulu (buku, epic ndi epic);

- pafupifupi (nkhani);

- ang'ono (lalifupi nkhani, nkhani, nkhani).

Komanso mu mtundu wanyimbo ndi monga nthano, epic, ballad, nthano, nyimbo mbiri ndi nthano.

Ntchito kuimira mtundu m'nyimbo mabuku - ndi epigram, zigawo, ode, elegy ndi kalata.

Elegy - ndakatulo pang'ono, kwathunthu zinapatsira ndi chisoni pang'ono. Wotchuka elegy zapamwamba za zana la 19.

Uthenga - izi ndi ntchito lolembedwa mu mankhwala ndakatulo kuti munthu mmodzi kapena anthu ambiri.

Ode - ndakatulo polemekeza kale kapena kuti adziwitse chikondwerero mu ulemu wa munthu, yodziwika ndi changu.

Komanso, pa siteji panopa mabuku kuonetsetsa munthu zambiri lyric-epic mtundu wa mabuku. Chili ndi mbali lyric ndi epic ndakatulo ndi kuperekedwa. Ntchito imeneyi ndi choonadi kumaonekera osokoneza. Pa dzanja limodzi, limatiuza mwatsatanetsatane za zinazake, khalidwe (ndi epic), ndi pa zina - malingaliro, lokhala wosasangalala, maganizo, kapena khalidwe la dziko owerenga mukati, motero kufika mawu.

M'zaka zaposachedwapa, Mitundu latsopano mabuku sizinayambe.