England The History of Afghanistan

Tinganene kuti bizinesi mu mbali yake imperialist zinali zodzaza ndi anayesa latsopano la England kukhazikitsa lokha Afghanistan. Atasiya maganizo Russia mu 1873 kuganizira Afghanistan ndi "ndale zone" pakati pa katundu Russian ku Central Asia ndi British India ndi kuchita guarantors za ufulu wa Afghanistan, utsamunda British nayambanso kukonzekera nkhondo. Mu 1878 anayamba latsopano nkhondo ya British ku Afghanistan. Agwilitse gawo yaikulu ya malire ace, England mu May 1879, anamaliza ndi Mtsogoleri wina wa Aarabu Yakub angongole pangano la gandamak kuti anachititsa zikusonyezanso mkwiyo mu dziko. Anthu a Afghanistan kamodzinso anakonzeka nkhondo yomenyele ufulu wadziko. Mu wotchuka nkhondo ya Maiwand (27 July 1879) ndi anatseka misewu wotsatira wa asilikali British mu Kandahar, mu nkhondo chifukwa Kabul ndi Ghazni, British anataya katundu wolemera mu 1880 anakakamizika kuchoka ankhondo awo. Mu zinthu izi, ndi Boma la Britain analephera kwathunthu kukwaniritsa kutchuka Afghanistan ya nkhani zonse pangano la gandamak. Mu ndondomeko zoweta, olamulira Afghanstan kusunga ufulu, koma kudzera mu Viceroy a British India anali kutenga malo Afghanistan asapita yachilendo.

Nkhondo oletsa anthu a England Afghanistan ndi ngongole yaikulu zomvetsa anthu ndi chuma, kupeputsa magulu lokhalamo dziko, chifukwa kuwononga kwambiri ulimi, ntchito zamanja, malonda zoweta, asalankhule umoyo ndi zachuma ndi chikhalidwe chitukuko cha dziko lonse.

M'zaka ziwiri zapitazi za m'ma XIX. Afghanistan zinachitikadi dongosolo la miyeso amene anali cholinga kukhazikitsa maziko a boma centralized a mtundu absolutist. Cholinga pa ikuthandizira ulamuliro waukulu ndi subordination opanduka Mtsogoleri wina wa Aarabu Abdur Rahman Khan (1880-1901) ndi lofala resettlement wa Afghanistan kumpoto mu chitsime m'madera Bal ha, Mazar-i-Sharif, Baghlan, Kunduz, Hazarajat, Haza-Reitz, aimaq anthu, Turkmens, Uzbeks - m'madera kum'mwera; Malawi nayenso Nurystan mukudziwa. Atsamunda analandira dziko - kwaulere kapena pa mawu yabwino. Chifukwa cha migrations izi m'malo boma centralized utsogoleri zida lotsogoleredwa ndi Mtsogoleri wina wa Aarabu chimaika abwanamkubwa a zigawo, amene zochokera analenga asilikali zonse, apolisi ndi gendarmerie. Mtsogoleri wina wa Aarabu anamuzindikira monga mutu wa Asilamu onse a dziko ndi mfumu malire, ngakhale kwenikweni kuchepetsa mphamvu ya apamwamba ndi udindo wa mafuko Afghanstan, iye sanathe. Ambiri a iwo kupitiriza kusangalala ubwino kwathunthu kapena pang'ono asamagwire msonkho. Social thandizo la akuluakulu Mtsogoleri wina wa Aarabu anali usilikali ndipo boma bureaucracy ndi ambuye ang'onoang'ono amene lotenga dzikolo monga chuma payekha ndi zopanda militias asilikali, anafunikira amphamvu centralized ulamuliro ndi asilikali zonse. Iwo ankalima Afghanstan ndipo sanali Afghanstan anthu msonkho kulipira, ambiri olipidwa, anasonkhana makamaka mtundu, misonkho levies.