Niobium gulu: kupanga katundu, ofunsira

Niobium - mankhwala amafotokozera ndi chiwerengero atomiki 41. Choyamba anapeza mu m'ma XIX, koma kuzindikira ake kulephereka kwa zaka 150. Only mu 1950, khungu la pawekha tebulo nthawi wakhala allocated zochita za Union mayiko a Ntchito ndi ongolankhula Chemistry atomu. Ntchito zofunikira monga mchitidwe makampani, chopangidwa kuchokera ku Mzere wa niobium. Paokha alibe chilichonse wapadera. Iwo anafotokoza umatha zonse polenga kasakaniza wazitsulo, njira kapena nyimbo zina.

m'zigawo za niobium

Niobium miyala patsogolo - kuipidwa kwambiri ndi ndalama zambiri. Ichi ndi chifukwa zili mu tonne mmodzi wa thanthwe si upambana magalamu 24. Komanso, chinthu chifukwa katundu zofanana mankhwala ndi zovuta kusiyanitsa ku tantalum.

M'mikhalidwe zachilengedwe imapezeka mu mawonekedwe anamwazikana - m'matanthwe igneous ndi timibulu, komanso mbali ya mchere - pyrochlore loparite, columbite-tantalite. mchitidwe uwu wa dongosolo nthawi atamupopa makamaka mankhwala pano. niobium kupanga tichipeza magawo atatu:

1. miyala Autopsy ndi okhutira mkulu zipangizo niobium.
2. Nthambi niobium tantalum, kukonzekera mankhwala koyera.
3. Achire komanso kuyeretsedwa wa zitsulo ndi kasakaniza wazitsulo ake ku zodetsa.

Maziko a kupanga mkombero mmwamba-kutentha matenthedwe njira pogwiritsa ntchito zitsulo zotayidwa, sodium kapena mpweya. Pomwepo amavula ufa niobium anawakonzera kukanikiza, sintering wa ufa "cubes" mu vacuo, ndi zinthu zosiyanasiyana za mtengo Arc kusungunuka.

zothandiza zimatha

Chifukwa makhalidwe ake apadera a niobium ntchito m'mafakitale ambiri. Magawowa kukhazikitsa zinthu zofunika zikuchokera chilinganizo, anapanga mankhwala osiyanasiyana adagulung'undisa, kuphatikizapo niobium Mzere. Waukulu yogwira pophika mu nkhani iyi ndi niobium carbide, kuti ali ndi zotsatira opindulitsa pa katundu makina zipangizo. Pakuti doping pa tani zitsulo amafuna magalamu 200 okha a niobium. The aloyi chifukwa ali kuuma mkulu ndi ductility, otsika friability bwino dzimbiri kukana. Amafotokozera ntchito zitsulo zoteteza ndipo sanali akakhala makamaka zotayidwa, kuchokera alkalis ndi zidulo.

Ntchito niobium

Niobium Mzere ali makamaka ntchito ngati dopant ndi kulenga kasakaniza wazitsulo onse zitsulo akakhala ndi akakhala. ntchito yaikulu ndi niobium roketi, wailesi ndi zomangamanga pakompyuta, mankhwala zida zomangamanga, aeronautical ndi astronautical zomangamanga.

Kugwiritsa zachitsulo kapena niobium choyera chifukwa chiwerengero cha katundu opindulitsa. Pakati pawo likusonyeza refractoriness, kukana kuti dzimbiri, luso kuonjezera kutentha kukana zipangizo ndi mphamvu zawo conductive.

Wapadera quality, amene ali niobium Mzere pafupifupi ziro mogwirizana isotope wa ureniamu pa kutentha madigiri mpaka 1100 Celsius. Komanso, atomu ali otsika yokumba mpweya wa poizoni. Zonsezi zimapangitsa izo oyenera chitetezo cha nyukiliya, komanso muli kwa kusungiramo anakhala mafuta nyukiliya.

Kupanga niobium

Wa niobium zitsulo mankhwala makamaka kukwaniritsa zofuna za makampani nyukiliya. Pali Kakhungu anakonza therefrom kwa ureniamu ndi nyukiliyazo basi teplovyvodyaschih zinthu, muli chifukwa kasungidwe zitsulo madzi, zinyalala za nyukiliya. Zamgululi zopangidwa niobium ntchito kulenga ntchito kompyuta lolemera. Atatero, kuchepetsa kulimbikira akuwauza, potero kupeza cryotrons - sverhvysokoprovodyaschie zinthu kompyuta. Mu Austria, siliva ndi aloyi niobium ntchito minting ndalama wokhometsa.