Russian wowerengeka nyimbo mbiri: zikamera wa otchuka ndi mtima

Mbiri nyimbo anaonekera pa nthawi yomweyo, pamene ndi epics. Izo zinachitika m'zaka XIV. Iwo ankasiyana epics kuti iwo anaimba za ena zochitika zenizeni zimene zinachitika m'mbiri dziko. Iwo mfundo zodalirika. Ndipo epics anatchedwa kuti zowombetsa mkota mankhwala hyperbolic, popereka mauthenga okhudza nthawi makedzana. Palibe nyimbo mbiri silinkachitidwa zinthu aliyense wosangalatsa khalidwe la nthano. M'malo mwake, nkhani ya Kuzindikira osiyana, ngakhale pamene si ndithu kuiulutsa ndi fait accompli.

Nkhani zakale nyimbo

Events, anagwidwa mu kupulumuka ku pano mbiri nyimbo aatali nthawi angapo - kuchokera m'ma Kale, ngakhale pamene dziko linali lopanda Chitata Mongol goli, mpaka cha m'ma lomaliza. Nkhani yaikulu ya ntchito zomwe zilipo - pa kukumana kwa anthu Russian gulu kuwukira, Ermak, Stenka Razin, Petr Veliky, Poltava kupambana chamuna Suvorov asilikali, Chirasha French nkhondo, kumasulidwa la Southern Asilavo ku goli la Turkey, Ivan, distemper, Bulavin kugalukira, chitetezo Sevastopol ndi zina zotero. d. The ngwazi za mbiri nyimbo anthu otchuka ndi otchuka. maina awo amadziwika aliyense. Ndipo tsopano pafupifupi aliyense mu amawasonyeza mosiyanasiyana kudziwa Chiwerengerochi mbiri. Timudziwe bwino ntchito zawo, ana amayamba ngakhale kusukulu.

M'zinthu za songs, zizindikiro zawo

Mbiri Songs yodziwika chinenero Kufikika, kufupika, mfundo zambiri zokhudza ndi kukopedwa molondola zochitika limene nkhani zachokera. Kodi iwo zophweka? Iwo ali ozadzidwa wakutemwa, kulemekeza kwa mbiri m'dzikoli, kutamanda ntchito amunamuna a asilikali Russian ndi amene anamenyera kufanana chikhalidwe. Pamene kutanthauzira wa anthu akulu akale kuchita ntchito izi, izo si imakongoletsa, koma nthawi likukonza mfundo kuwapeza magwero boma nthawi imeneyo. Nthawi zambiri, pali nyimbo m'zinthu zochokera zikuchitika wachibadidwe ndi zochitika, molimba mu malingaliro a anthu. Mwina angakhale a angapo ntchito. wowerengeka Russian mbiri nyimbo amasankha chidwi kwambiri omvera, amalola tione mfundo sankadziwika. Pagona wapadera ake. Anthu ena n'zaka kuletsa misozi kumvetsera wokongola, yokhudza wowerengeka nyimbo. Iye amanyamula kale, zaka zambiri zapitazo, tikhoza kunena kuti munthu wachita ulendo.

Kodi ndikuphunzira chiyani za mbiri nyimbo?

Komabe, mwatsoka, wamkulu mbiri nyimbo siinafike ife. Mfundo kuti ntchito zimenezi nthawi zambiri anachita kale kuoneka Old boma Russian, nthawi zina mwachindunji azambiriyakale Byzantine. A wowerengeka nyimbo mbiri otchuka mu Novgorod ndi Kievan Lazaro, tsopano kudziwika kwa ife mu mawonekedwe chidule kwambiri. Angapezeke ku magwero wotsalayo olembedwa.

The zosiyanasiyana songs, wowerengeka luso lero

Pali pang'ono asintha lemba nkhani songs, pali nkhani zimene zoona, ali cikumbutso makombo m'kamwa ndakatulo. Onsewo ndi chidwi chachikulu ofufuza. chiwerengero cha songs, analemba iwo mu zaka XVIII-XX mwa anthu amene amabwera angapo chotero, chomwe limafotokoza nkhani ya wotchuka zochitika m'mbiri komanso umunthu XI-XIV zaka. Koma pali mankhwala lilibe zambiri mwachindunji ndi mfundo, ndi kokha moganizira okhutira chonse, akhoza ankaganiza kuti iwo a nthawi ya chitetezo cha Russia ku nthawi kuukira Polovtsy ndi Pechenegs zimene zinachitika Mu X-XIII zaka.

Mulimonse mmene zinakhalira, mbiri nyimbo - ndi chuma cha anthu, amene ayenera kukhala wamtengo wapatali. Mwatsoka, anthu ena amanyalanyaza izo, kusazindikira kufunika kwake. Koma pali anthu ena amene akuyesetsa kusunga ndi kufalitsa wakale ntchito zolembalemba, ndi kuti akhoza kulemekezedwa. Tsopano kwambiri a magulu wowerengeka kuchita mbiri nyimbo ndiponso akusewera ndi zida wakale. Zikomo kuti khama lawo, osiyanasiyana omvera amaphunzira zambiri za dziko lathu, zimene kale. Kodi izo si zodabwitsa?

Mapeto a Tartar goli

Mongol-Chitata goli zoipa zimakhudza mbali zonse za moyo dziko, makamaka, chikhalidwe chake anayamba kutha. Motero, anawononga mzinda wokongola, anawononga katswiri wa ntchito luso, ndakatulo ndi kupenta. anthu ambiri anali osaphunzira. Komanso analowa kuchepa wapakamwa chilengedwe luso nthawi zonse kusanduka kwa zaka zambiri ndipo anali pa nthawi imeneyo ku mlingo mkulu. Komabe, asilikali a Batu osati imawonongeka dziko Novgorod, ndi kuti pali anakhalabe epic wapadera. Koma nyimbo zachikale m'mbiri a North-East, Central ndi Kumwera Russia, ambiri a iwo kumizidwa mu chisokonezeko. Iwo anasiya kwambiri ndakatulo chikhalidwe cha Kale, amene anabereka ntchito wokongola. Zikuphatikizapo, makamaka, ndi "nthano za Kusakaza wa dziko Russian" "Ikani" ndi ena ambiri. Izi nyimbo zakale, ndi njira, kudziwika kwa anthu kutali. Iwo anaphunzira ku sukulu ndi mayunivesite, chifukwa ndi zipilala lalikulu la chikhalidwe Russian, zimene ziyenera mpaka kalekale.

Chotengeka ndi ntchito ya alendo-nsalu Umboni chipembedzo mu nyimbo

Ndipo palibe chachilendo chakuti nyimbo zina kuti ndikuuzeni za zochitika m'mbiri amene anachitika ku m'ma XVI, mwachitsanzo ntchito bwino odziwika Glebe ndi Boris, mu mawonekedwe amene analemba ofufuza nthawi zambiri ndi zina maonekedwe a kenako sukulu alendo-Kalik. Awa ndi anthu amene analibe adakhala amodzi ndi kuyendayenda kudutsa dziko. Iwo anachita, monga ulamuliro, wowerengeka songs, limene analembapo makhalidwe ena. Nthawi zambiri, iwo amatchula chipembedzo. Koma mbiri songs, ndithudi, ndi chidwi kuposa ntchito Kalik.

Ziyenera adzanyamula kukumbukira kuti Russia mu Ages Middle, amakhulupirira Mulungu ankaona chizindikiro chachikulu mgwirizano wa anthu. Iwo Ndipotu, ndi chizindikiro cha nthawi yaitali ndi kupondereza osakhulupirira wankhanza nomad amene amakhala m'chipululu. Patapita kanthawi, izo anayamba kugwirizana ndi chilakolako chilengedwe kumasula dziko lakwawo ku Mongol-Chitata goli. Choncho, nyimbo zina zakale, mwa zina, ndi kutchulidwa kwa Mulungu. Musadabwe izi.

Kumwalira kwa mipukutu wapatali

Adzaweruzidwa ngati mitundu wakale kwambiri wa Russian wowerengeka nyimbo za mbiri m'malo ovuta, anapatsidwa zinachitika pa kudzifutukula pa nthawi. Chifukwa cha nkhondo ya Batu anatentha mipukutu yambiri akale ndi lofunika kwambiri, monga ofufuza tsopano amamva chisoni. Tsopano, anthu angadziwe konse chomwe ntchito adalemba anawonongedwa. Izi nyimbo mbiri kutaika kwawo kwamuyaya.