Aristotle, "Poetics": a kusanthula mwachidule

Mmodzi wa otchuka kwambiri ndi a nzeru zapamwamba kwambiri ndi anzeru a Greece wakale, Aristotle ankaona. "Poetics" - yaikulu, koma si mankhwala ake okha. Zotsatira za Aristotle alidi yaikulu, ndipo moyo wake - wolemera zochitika.

yonena

Anthu ambiri ophunzira kumva dzina la mphunzitsi wa Greek, wotchedwa mfundo ziwiri: iye anali mwana wa Socrates, ndipo nayenso anaphunzitsa Aleksandra Makedonskogo. The lomweli anali wotchuka ndi Aristotle? "Poetics" Ndithu, ichi nchinthu chimene dzina lake kupyola mu mibadwo, koma si chinthu chokha chimene tinganene za woganiza payekha. Amadziwika kuti anabadwa mu Stagira pakati pa 384 ndi 383 BCE Aristotle pafupifupi zaka makumi awiri anakhala kuphunzira mu Academy lalikulu la Plato. Ofufuzawa amati, osalephera, iye kuphunzitsa kwa nthawi yaitali. Nditamaliza maphunziro, nzeru zapamwamba anakhala namkungwi tsogolo Mfumu Alexander. Mwina udindo uwu , iye anali chifukwa nyongolosi, ndi amene angakuthandizeni wa Makedoniya mfumu Philip II. Iye anali bambo a Alexander. Pambuyo chitunda bwino za ngwazi wamng'ono pa mpando, Aristotle anabwerera kunyumba kwake, ndipo kuchokera kumeneko anasamukira ku Athens. Pali, anakhazikitsa sukulu yake - "Lyceum". Nthawiyi mu moyo nzeru zapamwamba ankaona kuti zibereke kwambiri. A zambiri kukambirana kuti, "Metaphysics", "Ethics", "Ndale" - yonseyi Aristotle analenga. "Poetics" akuyenera onena za iwo nthawi yomweyo. Kamodzi pa chaka cha 323 BC Alexander anafa, malo nzeru zapamwamba anthu lafika poipa kwambiri. Mu 322 BC Iye anafa.

chilengedwe

anthu ambiri mu maganizo a gulu mwamphamvu pansi: Aristotle - "Poetics." Komabe, iye ali woyambitsa wa ntchito zambiri. Iwo akhoza kugawidwa m'magulu awiri: ntchito exoteric, analengedwa mu mawonekedwe a dialogues ndipo mwina chofunikira kwa anthu, ndi ntchito zolembedwa mwa iye yekha kwa bwalo yopapatiza ophunzira.

"Poetics": zolinga, zolinga, zili

"Poetics" Aristotle mwachidule Mwachidule ziphunzitso mabuku a nthawi ndi kuyika angapo mfundo zokongoletsa. Ndi lonena odzipereka kwathunthu kwa sewero. Pali chifukwa choganizira kuti poyamba kuti inali ndi zigawo ziwiri, koma ali woyamba sipezeka. Panopa, chiphunzitso ambiri ndi kuti, mu zoyambirira za mipukutu anali anagwira kusanthula mwatsatanetsatane sewero lanthabwala. Pa chiyambi cha ntchito za Aristotle amapereka tanthauzo lake la "poetics" yaitali. luso, iye anati, maziko mimesis, mwachitsanzo kutsanzira chikhalidwe. Mitundu yonse ya ndakatulo, malinga ndi Aristotle, amadziŵika ndi mzake ndi mbali zitatu:

1. kubala zosiyanasiyana zinthu.

2. Izi pogwiritsa zosiyanasiyana.

3. Choncho, njira osiyanasiyana amagwiritsidwa ntchito pa kubwezeretsa.

Mwachitsanzo, avletika ndi kifaristika zochokera mogwirizana ndi mungoli, pamene zilandiridwenso wapakamwa makamaka amagwiritsa prose ndi mita. Ndakatulo Mafomu amathanso zosiyanasiyana malinga mitundu ya onyenga: ndi epic - ndi cholinga Nkhani ya zimene zinachitika kale, nyimbo zochokera zidindo zotengera malingaliridwe a owerenga, ndi sewero amaonetsera zochitika mu mphamvu. Ndiye nzeru zapamwamba amapereka tanthauzo lake la sewero lanthabwala ndi matsoka. The choyamba - ntchito satirizes kachizolowezi kachilendo ka munthu. The chachiwiri - kanthu yeniyeni m'mbuyomu. Mu maganizo a Aristotle, matsoka adanyamuka improvisation. Ndi osiyana, "wokometsedwera kulankhula", ndi mbali zisanu: chiwembu, kuganiza, malo wowoneka otchulidwa m'malemba ndipo zikuchokera nyimbo. Izi ankagwiritsa ntchito tsopano mawu monga "peripeteia", "catharsis", "ngoziyo", "kuzindikira", koyamba ndi Aristotle. "Poetics", "apamwamba" ndi ntchito zake zina anali ndi chikoka chachikulu pa nzeru za makono.