Horace - Wambiri. Kvint Goratsiy Flakk - wachiroma wolemba ndakatulo

Horace - wachiwiri kwambiri wachiroma wolemba ndakatulo pambuyo Virgil, amene anadzipanga ntchito kupanga chitsanzo mabuku. Iye ankakhulupirira kuti ndakatulo ndi "chilankhulo cha olimbitsa." Horace sanali mawu a Catullus, ndipo anayesera kulemba ntchito kuti adzakhala ofanana ndi a ndakatulo kwambiri khalidwe la Virgil.

owerenga ndi chidwi osati ntchito lalikulu wolemba ndakatulo wachiroma, komanso m'nthawi imeneyo mbiri, mbiri. Goratsiy Kvint anapanga zopereka zikuluzikulu mabuku dziko, koma anabwera banja yosavuta kumva. Mu ndakatulo yake iye anakonza nzeru zake ndipo anapereka chiwerengero cha malangizo kwa makhalidwe abwino ndi za chikumbumtima dongosolo, potengera zimene nzeru za golide akutanthauza bodza.

Horace: moyo ndi ntchito

The kwambiri wolemba ndakatulo wachiroma, anabadwa mu 65 BC. e. mu Venusia. ntchito yake imagwera pa khumi zoyambirira za ulamuliro wa Octavian Augustus, amene anatenga malo a Kaisara. Iye anabadwa mu banja la Omasulidwa, amene anamusamalira mapangidwe mwana wake atamwalira anamusiya ndi malo kakang'ono.

moyo ndakatulo anali mwachindunji zokhudzana ndi ntchito za Maecenas. Pamene Rome, anaphedwa Kaisara, Kvint Goratsiy Flakk limodzi ndi mbali ya Brutus. Woyang'anira chimene chinamuthandiza kukhazikitsa yekha moyo: munda wapereka ndi anadzetsa pa bwalo la Augusto.

Horace anafa matenda mwadzidzidzi 8 m'ma BC. e. Iye anaikidwa pafupi kwa iye ukoma wa Maecenas kunja kwa mzinda wa Esquiline.

art Features

Kvint Goratsiy Flakk anali mosalekeza ndakatulo amene analenga zitsanzo ndakatulo ku Mitundu yosiyanasiyana m'nyimbo - odes ndi nyimbo. Onse ntchito thupi ndi maganizo mokwanira mwambo. Komabe, odes wake, linatuluka mu mabuku anayi, sizili kutamanda zikayenda wina ndi kuonetsa moyo nzeru ya ndakatulo ndi nzeru zake. Horace amawapatsa malangizo, kunena amene zoyenera odes.

ntchito zonse zazikulu wolemba ndakatulo wachiroma akhoza kugawidwa mu m'zinthu angapo mtundu wanyimbo:

1. epodov (dvuhstishiya-ndakatulo iambic khalidwe).

2. Zotengera (mankhwala kukhudzana chikhalidwe). Zinalembedwa hexameters.

3. Ode (m'nyimbo ndakatulo wodzipereka kwa chochitika).

Horace, amene yonena zikuphatikizapo nthawi zitatu ntchito, moyo Pamilunguyo nzeru za zikutanthauza golide, nzeru, nzeru, kukongola, ubwino ndi mogwirizana.

mauthenga mtundu wanyimbo

Kvint Goratsiy Flakk, amene ndakatulo kwakukulukulu zoyenera kwa anthu, ndi bwino kwambiri imeneyi polemba chinenero mabuku. Iye walemba 23 makalata, yomaliza ndi imene - "Kuti Python" - anali ntchito yachiwiri zotsutsa zolembalemba pambuyo "ndakatulo ya sayansi" a Aristotle, amene akuchitira umboni za tanthauzo lake pa nkhani ya mabuku dziko. Zofunika aesthetics wa Horace - nzeru, malinga ndi chikhalidwe, kuti kalembedwe ndi kusankha mawu kukwezedwa zogwirizana ndi mutuwo. ndakatulo ake ndi ovuta kuwamvetsa. Iogann Volfgang Gete kamodzi analemba kuti zithunzi mauthenga ofanana ndi "pendulum". The zikuchokera ndakatulo lyric ndi zovuta chifukwa chakuti Horace akhoza mwaluso kusuntha fano wina ndi mzake, pogwiritsa ntchito malemba a mamita osiyana ndakatulo. ndakatulo zake wodzazidwa ndi zosiyanasiyana mayina, maina ndi malo a dziko, ndipo amamvetsera mwatsatanetsatane.

magulu Thematic odes wa Horace

Ndakatulo-kusinkhasinkha ndi chimake cha nzeru. Kvint Goratsiy Flakk, amene ntchito makamaka umaimiridwa ndi mabuku odes anayi, analemba gulu thematic pa kufupika kwa moyo ndi liwiro la nthawi yapano. Kwa iye, kufunafuna chimalemekeza ndi chuma zili zopanda phindu. The odes chikondi mutu zikumveka, phwando, koma mosiyana Catullus ndakatulo, achimwemwe ndiponso olimbikitsa kamvekedwe. Mukhoza kuwerenga 7 wamkazi mayina, kumene Horace analemba ndakatulo-chinyezimiritso. Mu umodzi wa odes wake (№30 «Kuti Melpomene") zimautsa vuto kufa kwa wolemba ndakatulo ndi mbali ya mwambo chibwenzi kumbuyo kwa ndakatulo Iguputo kuti kulandira moyo wosatha anthu zimatheka chifukwa cha ntchito yake, chilengedwe cha ntchito zolembalemba. osawerengeka lake Horace amaona mu ndime.

Analysis ode № 30

ntchito analandira malamulo dzina "Chipilala". Ndakatulo kotero ankakonda zapamwamba za mabuku Russian, kuti ganizo kufa a ndakatulo iyi anabwereka Gavrila Derzhavin ( "Ine anamangidwira malo abwino, wosatha"), Alexander Pushkin ( "Ine ndine chipilala anamangidwira popanda manja"), Valery Bryusov ( "Mai chipilala nthandala ya mawu consonant zovuta "). Otsiriza awiri monga epigraph ndi anabwereka mavesi Latin, analankhula kamodzi Horace. Wambiri mwa ndakatulo iyi, monga ife tikudziwira, anali kutali enviable: kamwana sanadziwe ndi mwanaalirenji paokha kuyesera kukhala mu malingaliro a anthu kwa zaka zambiri.

Ode №30 amatchedwa "Kuti Melpomene" ndipo itha buku lachitatu la odes; Melpomene mu nthano ndi imasonkhezera tsoka. Mu mankhwala Horace imakamba zimene anachita ndi kumapeto kwa umakopa korona nokha ndi mlombwa wreath. Pakali pano, kumasulira bwino kwambiri odes №30 ankaona Lomonosov ndakatulo ndi Vostokova.

satires wa Horace

Peru, akulu wachiroma wolemba ndakatulo a zopereka angapo satires. Kuyambira izi ndi ofunika kuganiza kuti anali wotchuka osati monga mbuye wa odes. Zotengera Horace amafanana mfundo nthanthi za tanthauzo la moyo mu poonetsa kukonda nzeru za zikutanthauza golide. The chinthu chachikulu cha chonyozeka ndi njira zonama za chimwemwe, kufunafuna chuma kungoganiza. Kvint Goratsiy Flakk, amene ndakatulo ndi satirical khalidwe akuseka anthu oledzera ndi oledzera. Mmodzi lovomereza moyo wake ananena kuti sikofunika kuti akhale kapolo vinyo ndi kuthetsa chisoni nkhanza chakumwa. Ngakhale kuti kunyoza mu satires ndi zilakolako anthu ndiponso makhalidwe oipa, amene analemba za munthu: Zotengera nambala 6 Mwachitsanzo, akuuza nkhani ya moyo wake. Horace, ndi chiyambi otsika, moyo, zili ndi yaing'ono ndipo sadziwa mwanaalirenji.

Kuchidziwa miyeso ndakatulo

Horace zina asamabisanso mu ndakatulo wake ndi chiyambi chake si manyazi kukhala mwana wa mtima mtumiki chifuniro. Ndi akuti mabuku wotsutsa Mikhail Gasparov ndakatulo ntchito ndakatulo ake 12 mitundu sapezeka Greek, namatetule wake ndi chidziwitso mwaluso, chuma cha luso ndakatulo. Mu Buku loyamba la odes lake, unandiuza "perete" miyeso zinali sapphic, alkeevu ndi mawu ena. Kuwonjezera odes wa Horace, zaka za moyo kuti akhala bwino kwambiri, kugwira ntchito ndi epodov ofanana kwambiri mu mawonekedwe kuti pripevki. Akamauzana okhutira ndale ndipo iambs, kunyozedwa zolakwa za anthu ndi anthu (chitsanzo momveka bwino - "Kwa Aroma").

ayamikira Horace ndi mafotokozedwe

"Khalani okondwa ndi zimene muli nazo mu dzanja." Choncho anafuna choonadi chabe zofunika, umene umati m'pofunika azisangalala ndi lero ndi osati kutiweruza mlengi chifukwa chakuti si anthu onse adziwe ndi olemera. ubwino onse ayenera zopezera njira woonamtima ndi kukhala wokhutira ndi pang'ono.

"Ntchito ya ndalama ngati muli kopish iwo, koma sitichitira." Kodi nthawi zambiri mukudziwa nkhani, pamene munthu moyo wake wonse anafuna kupanga likulu, kukana okha zinthu zambiri, koma mumapezera anamwalira. Horace ananena kuti nzeru cholakwika: muli ndalama movutikira wogawana ndi moyo mopanda malamulo alionse.

"Zingwe za moyo Iyamba vinyo, koma mukudziwa muyeso." Hedonism monga masiku aesthetics limalimbikitsa maganizo zosangalatsa cholinga chapamwamba cha moyo wa munthu. Horace nawo maganizo amenewa theka: vinyo kumwa angasangalatse kuzimitsira chisoni, koma ntchito molakwika iwo.

"Tigwereni m'chikondi, osati akudwala chikondi." Horace, amene yonena lili ndi mayina akazi asanu ndi awiri, ndipo anabweretsa choonadi, chimene munthu akhoza kukhala mogwirizana ndi mtima wanu. Iye samakana chikondi, koma akutsutsidwa ndi masautso ndi mavuto.

History mabuku Roma mu maina

Wotchuka oseketsa Roma ankaona Maktsy Tito Plautus. Iye analemba za comedies makumi asanu, koma tidafika 19. chabe okwana izo mwini mizere oposa 20,000 ndime.

Lucretius ndi Catullus ndi oimira yowala mabuku Roma nyengo Republic. Woyamba ndi mlembi "Pa Nature Zinthu", pamene wachiwiri anali wotchuka ndi ndakatulo chikondi chake.

Popliyo Vergilius Maro kuchita za Mitundu ambiri zolembalemba. Wolemba ndakatulo wachiroma ndi mlembi "Aeneid" ndakatulo amunamuna

Popliyo Ovidi Naso wotchedwa junior m'pamabuku Horace. Iye ndi woyambitsa wa ndakatulo "Science Chikondi" olembedwa mu mtsempha nditaona, komanso mndandanda wa nyimbo "Amores".

Phaedrus chidwi ndakatulo ndi fabulist, amene poyamba anayamba kulemba nthano mu ndime. Iye anatchuka kwambiri chifukwa ntchito zake ndi Mabaibulo a Aesop.

Poyamba, mawu akuti "prose" anamugwiritsa ntchito Aroma kutanthauza mawu neritmizovannoy. The mankhwala oyamba mu mawonekedwe a nestihotvornoy inatulutsidwa mochedwa kwambiri. Mumadziwika novelist ankaganiza Apuleius - wolemba za ulendo buku "The Golden bulu" anamutsatira ku kufunika ndi Petronius muweruzi, amene analemba "Satyricon".