Nikolai Klyuev: zilandiridwenso ndi yonena

Chiyambi cha m'ma 20, umatchedwanso Silver Age, anali heyday mabuku Russian. Panali malangizo atsopano ndi zinthu, olemba ndi saopa kuyetsa ndi kupeza Mitundu latsopano ndi mitu. Imodzi mwa ndakatulo awa anali Klyuev Nikolay Alekseevich. Ankachitira novokrestyanskomu malangizo ndakatulo.

yonena

Anabadwa October 10, 1884 m'mudzi wa Koshtugi Vytegorsky County (Vologda dera), Nikolai Klyuev. Wambiri ya wolemba akuyamba m'banja losavuta anga Alexei Kalashnikov. Koma koposa zonse Klyuev kwambiri mayi ake, Praskovya Fyodorovna, amene anali wongonena kwambiri. Iye anali pa chibwenzi kuphunzitsa ndi mwana chifukwa Nicholas ake amadziwa kuwerenga, kulemba ndi kuphunzira ndizosowa yosungirako wowerengeka nyimbo.

Mu 1895 anamaliza sukulu parishi ya ku Vytegra. Kenako anapita Petrozavodsk, kumene kusukulu zachipatala. Nditamaliza maphunziro Klyuev Nikolay Alekseevich pamodzi ndi muno awo, amene ankachita malonda a likulu la tsitsi ndi nsomba, anapita ku St. Petersburg ntchito.

Mu likulu, anayamba kulemba ndakatulo motsogozedwa novokrestyanskoy ndakatulo. Mu ntchito zake ndakatulo imasonkhezera anadandaula za zowawa ndi mavuto tillers ndi kutemberera opondereza awo. Klyuyev ndakatulo woyamba zinasindikizidwa mu "New olemba ndakatulo" chopereka mu 1904. Koma posakhalitsa Klyuyev anabwerera kunyumba yaing'ono.

Kukhala pansi kuganiza kuyambira chiyambi cha zochitika kunachitika, wolemba ndakatulo m'gulu 1905 ntchito ndale. Umayamba kugawira timapepala ta. Pakuti mu 1906. Klyuev anamangidwa.

Kluev wagawo ndi

Chochitika choperekera ndakatulo iyi anadziwa Alexander Blok. Makalata olemba inayamba mu 1907. Poyamba, Nikolai Klyuev ndithu manyazi m'makalata ake kuti ndakatulo anazindikira, koma pang'onopang'ono anakhutitsidwa kuti chipika ndi chidwi nkhani zawo. Klyuyev pang'onopang'ono akuyamba kulankhula za mzimu za matchalitchi amene akamayamba pakati pa anthu, za chilungamo chikhalidwe. Koma si za ndale kuti olemba. Nikolai akuti mphamvu ndakatulo cha mzimu lagona pa anthu onyozeka, koma chifukwa cha zifukwa zoweta, si kutsegula kwathunthu.

Block makalata chidwi kwambiri Klyuyev. Iye kawirikawiri anagwiranso iwo mu makalata anzanga ndi nkhani zawo. Chifukwa cha thandizo la mulomo Blok ndakatulo lofalitsidwa mu "Dziko Latsopano", "Golden akubera" ndi zina zambiri magazini zolembalemba. Pa ntchito za ndakatulo kuchokera m'zigawo kulabadira matauni olemba. Ndi ambiri a iwo sangathe kukumana Klyuyev. Pakati pawo Valeriy Bryusov.

bwino

Mu 1911, Nikolai Klyuev lofalitsidwa zosonkhanitsira lake loyamba "Pines chime." Oyamba kuti kope akulemba Bruce. Buku movomerezedwa ndi chidwi Analeredwa mabwalo ndakatulo ndi mabuku. Za iye ndithu anayankha andakatulo monga Nikolay Gumilev, Sergei Gorodetsky , ndi zina zotero. Anthu anagwidwa ndi ntchito za Klyuyev awo zachilendo kupanda umunthu amphamvu, kulamula tropes, images, kaimbidwe.

Klyuyev zimalimbikitsa chikhalidwe, moyo wakumudzi, anthu. Komabe, iye amakhulupilira kuti chikhalidwe osaopa kuti predominated m'zaka za m'ma 19, umafa ndipo m'malo ndi chinthu chatsopano, ndipo moyo wa anthu.

Gumilyov mu review wake wa magulu andakatulo klyuevskoy akulosera tsogolo - iye ati chiyambi chabe cha gulu latsopano mu mabuku. Ndipo iye ali bwino. Klyuyev ndi limodzi mwa oimira woyamba novokrestyanskoy ndakatulo.

Klyuyev ndi Yesenin

Nikolai Klyuev nthawi yaitali, ankateteza ufulu wa munthu wamba ndakatulo moyo. Koma mu 1915 analandira kalata yochokera kwa wolemba ndakatulo wina wa ku chigawo cha Ryazan. Esenina kalata Mzimu Klyuyev. Ngakhale kuti amadziwa mu absentia, kuzungulira andakatulo ziwiri izi palimodzi olemba ena amene kulemba mwa nzika wamba.

Ndakatulo Klyuyev ndi Yesenin anali kwenikweni kwambiri ofanana, nchifukwa chake iwo mwamsanga anapeza chinenero ndi mgwirizano. Pa 1915 kugunda weniweni awo pachimake bwino. Pamodzi anafika madzulo zolembalemba, kuwerenga ndakatulo awo.

Komabe, mgwirizano sizinakhalitse. mphatso Esenina anali zambiri onse novokrestyanskoy ndakatulo, ndipo mu 1917 ubwenzi alakatuli awiri lidzatha.

Kumwa proletarian ndakatulo

Nikolai Klyuev, amene ndakatulo yake yonena za anthu ophweka Russian Komabe, saganizira yekha proletarian ndakatulo. Kukwera anapeza wolemba mu malo kwawo. Iwo anatenga kubera Klyuyev ndi changu kuposa kale lonse. Koma ankaimira yokha ngati zolawula "paradaiso munthu."

Mu 1918, Nikolai Klyuev akutenga Bolshevik Party. Ntchito zokopa, kuwerenga ndakatulo za zisinthe. Komabe, iye ndi munthu wopembedza, chimene chiri chosiyana ndi dongosolo latsopano. Zimaonekeratu kuti amalimbikitsa kusintha osiyana kwambiri. Ndipo mu 1920 Klyuyev anachotsedwa chipani. Kutha kufalitsa ndakatulo wake. Anayamba limakhumudwitsa boma latsopano ndi kusagwirizana chipembedzo chake ndi alakatuli proletarian, kuwayitana iwo propaganda mankhwala counterfeiting.

Iwo anayamba nthawi yovuta kwambiri kwa wolemba ndakatulo iyi. Iye ankakhala mu umphawi, unali womvera kuzunzidwa, sanapeze ntchito. Ngakhale, iye anapitiriza kulankhula motsutsa Soviet Union.

Kulimbana wolemba ndakatulo inatha February 2, 1934, pamene anamangidwa chifukwa "buku counterrevolutionary ndi kufalitsa ntchito." Iye analamulidwa kuti ukapolo ku Narym gawo. Ndipo mu October 1937 Klyuyev anaphedwa pa milandu yabodza.