Bergholz Olga Fedorovna: yonena (lalifupi)

Dzina Olgi Berggolts amadziwa nzika iliyonse m'dziko lathu lalikulu, makamaka St. Petersburg. Pajatu si Russian ndakatulo, iye ndi chizindikiro moyo wa kuzinga Leningrad. Zambiri ndinali kupita kupyolera mwa mkazi wamphamvu ameneyu. mbiri yake yochepa lidzadzala nkhaniyi.

Childhood ndi unyamata

Bergholz anabadwa Olga Fedorovna kasupe mochedwa mu 1910 ku St. Petersburg. bambo ake anali dokotala Fedor Hristoforovich. Olga analinso ndi mlongo wamng'ono, Mariya. Pambuyo ulimi wa Bergholz, makolo ake anasamukira ku Uglich, chifukwa panali zipolowe mu Petrograd. Bambo wa banja anali nawo nkhondoyo. Amayi Maria Timofeevna pamodzi ndi ana ake kuposa zaka ziwiri tikukhala mu obisika wakale wa dziko Epiphany. Angakhale atakalamba Olga wachikondi anakumbukira masiku amenewo ndi nkhawa zimene iwo anasiya mmbuyo Petrograd atabwerako bambo ake ndi nkhondo.

Bergholz ankakhala m'mphepete mwa Neva Chipata. Mu 1926 Olga sukulu ntchito. chaka pamaso, mu imodzi ya mayanjano zolembalemba anakumana Boris Kornilov, wolemba ndakatulo ndi mwamuna wam'tsogolo. Pamodzi ndi iye anakaphunzira pa Institute of Art History.

Iwo amagwirizana ndi Kornilov, mmodzi wa mavuto a moyo yaikulu ya ndakatulo iyi. Mu 1928, iwo anakwatirana mwa mwana Irina anabadwa miyezi ingapo banjalo. Mtsikanayo anamwalira pa msinkhu wa zaka zisanu ndi zitatu ku matenda a mtima. Boris yekha February 1938 anawomberedwa pa milandu yabodza.

1930

Popeza 1930, iye anaphunzira pa Philology a University Leningrad. Ine ndinapita ku mwambo wa Vladikavkaz, komwe ndinakhala mbali ya chilimwe ndi autumn, ntchito mu nyuzipepala "Labor Mphamvu".

Mu chaka chomwecho iye analekana B. Kornilov anakwatiwa Nikolay Molchanov. Olga Bergholz, yonena ladzala ndi zinthu zoipa, ndipo anapulumuka mwamuna wake wachiwiri. Iye anamwalira mu 1942 mu Leningrad njala.

Nditamaliza maphunziro, kugawa amapita ku Kazakhstan, komwe anagwira ntchito nyuzipepala "Soviet steppe" mtolankhani. Nditabwerera ku Leningrad mpaka 1934 ntchito mu nyuzipepala "Electrosila".

Mu 1932 Olga ndi Nicholas anali ndi mwana wamkazi, Maya, koma kunapezeka kuti zomvetsa chisoni mayi. The mwanayo anafa chaka chotsatira.

Mu 1934 wolemba ndakatulo anavomereza kuti Soviet Writers, kumene anatulutsa kangapo, kenako limzake.

Mu December 1938, Berggolts Olga anamangidwa pa mlandu ndi maulalo ndi adani a anthu. Pa nthawi kumangidwa mkaziyo anali ndi pakati. Koma sindinasiye oyang'anira ndende kukachititsa wozunzikirapo. Pambuyo kumenyedwa onse ndakatulo mu chipatala m'ndende anabereka mwana atafa kale.

Patangotha miyezi isanu anamangidwa, iye anatulutsidwa ndi kwathunthu asintha khalidwe lawo.

Pa nkhondo yachiwiri ya padziko lonse

Mu 1940 analowa CPSU (b). Uthenga wa chiyambi cha nkhondo anapeza Olga mu Leningrad. Nthawi yomweyo anapita ku nthambi ya m'dera la Writers Union ndi nsembe kuthandiza. Ketlinskaya V., mutu wa dipatimenti, anatumiza Berggolts Olgu pa wailesi. Mu zovuta mawu chete wolemba ndakatulo anakhalabe mu Leningradites kuwina mzimu, ndakatulo yake akulimbikitsa.

Zinali chimake cha durability Bergholz anatseka misewu. Mu November 1941, pamodzi ndi mwamuna wake kukhala kudwala okonzekera achoke, koma anafa Molchanov ndi Olga anafuna kugawana ndi tsoka nzika, anakhalabe Leningrad. Apa ife tinabadwa mwa ntchito zake zabwino. "Leningrad ndakatulo" Olgi Berggolts odzipereka kwa zokometsera wa mzinda ndi onse okhala mmenemo wolimba.

Chakumapeto 1942, iye anali kupita Moscow. Masiku amenewo, wolemba ndakatulo amasowa anaphonya za kwawo ndi moyo akufuna kubwereranso. Palibe ubwino mu mawonekedwe a chakudya chotentha, malo osambira ndi zinthu zina iwo sakanakhoza kuchiletsa.

Iwo Bergholz anati Olga Fedorovna wa Leningrad mu 1943. The uthenga wabwino wonena za kuswa anatseka misewu.

M'chaka cha 1942, wolemba ndakatulo analandira n'kulandira mendulo "Pakuti Kuteteza Leningrad". Nkhondo itatha, izo mawu ake chosema pa lubwe slab chikumbutso manda: ". ... palibe aiwala ndi kanthu iyiwalika"

Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake

Mu 1949 anakwatira kachitatu. Olga anakhala osankhidwa George Makogonenko, zolembalemba, wotsutsa. Nkhondo itatha, wolemba ndakatulo ankagwira ntchito mwakhama, anapita kukachita bizinesi. Pambuyo ulendo Sevastopol analemba tsoka la "Wokhulupirika".

Mu 1951, Berggolts Olga anali kupereka State Prize la USSR. ndime owawa anakumana I. V. Stalina imfa.

Mu 1962, iye analekana Makogonenko. Zaka zomalizira za moyo wake, ngakhale kuti anali yekha. Pafupi wake yekhayo mlongo, Maria, amene anathandiza mu zonse ndi zonse.

imfa

Anamwalira ndakatulo November 13, 1975. Bergholz wamwalira pa zaka 65.

Kumizidwa anali ndi Volkov manda, ngakhale kuti poyamba anakonza kuti bokosi udzachotsedwa kwa Piskarevskoe. Anthu ambiri sizinayende kunena tiwonana kwa ndakatulo wokondedwa, pamene mbiri yamoyo anali m'nyuzipepala ya kokha pa tsiku la kuikidwa.

Akuluakulu anaonetsetsa kuti panali anthu ambiri kumanda, ndi mantha ulaliki chifukwa anachititsa zinthu zoipa Bergholz. Chifukwa, tikutha chimene iwo ankafuna. mawu A E. Serebrovskaya kuti Olga sindikanakhoza kupirira kwa nkhanza ndi chidzudzulo zonse olemba ndi ndakatulo. Granin, kukumbukira tsiku la nalo Bergholz, ananena kuti wamantha maliro, m'malo chisoni komanso woyamikira pokumbukira ndakatulo iyi muli mkwiyo yekha otsutsa ake.

chilengedwe

Woyamba ntchito ndakatulo linasindikizidwa mu 1925. Poyamba, Olga Bergholz, yonena chisoni ndithu, iwo pabwino yokha ndakatulo ana. Iye walandira kum'tamanda Chukovsky.

zaka nkhondo zinasintha chilichonse pa moyo wake. Apo ndi pamene iye kwawo, ndipo anapita mu ntchito yoyenera. Olga Bergholz, ndakatulo za nkhondo imene anatipatsa chiyembekezo ndi chikhulupiriro, wakhala chizindikiro cha invincibility.

Mwa ntchito zake zabwino "February Diary", "Leningrad ndakatulo", "Daily Star". Pambuyo pa imfa ya ndakatulo iyi zinatuluka zolemba, ndiwo wa mtengo wake wapatali ndi kusunga ambiri ali wosangalala ndiponso yopweteka kwambiri.