Nekrasov, vuto "Panaevskom": mndandanda wa ndakatulo za chikondi, kusanthula mbali

Olemba ndakatulo amasiya chuma chokhala ndi mibadwo. Izi zinaliponso NA Nekrasov. "Panaevsky," omwe mavesi ambiri amamva ndi kuŵerenga, imodzi mwa zitsanzo zabwino kwambiri za mawu apamtima. Iye ali wodzipereka kwathunthu kwa chikondi cha ndakatulo kwa musemu wake - Avdotya Panayeva.

NA Nekrasov: kumudziwa ndi ndakatulo

Wandakatulo wamkuluyu analemba chinenero chapadera. Anabadwira m'banja lolemekezeka, adali moyo ndi anthu wamba. Iye analemba za iye ndi iye.

Nikolai Alekseevich anabadwira m'banja lolemera kwambiri m'chigawo cha Podolsky. Mtambo wakuda pa banja unapangitsa kuti mitu yake ikhale yogwirizana pa masewera a khadi. Agogo anga aakazi Nicholas anatsala pang'ono kutaya zonse zomwe anali nazo m'makhadi. Bambo, pogwiritsa ntchito usilikali, anabwezeretsanso gawo la malowo, koma moyo wake wosalungama wamoyo wosalungama monga mwini munda, unatsogolera kuti banja lalikulu lomwe lili ndi ana khumi ndi anayi lidzipezeke popanda njira zopezera moyo.

Ndiyeneranso kutchula za mayi wa wolemba ndakatulo. Zinali chifukwa cha iye kuti amatha kumvetsetsa chowonadi, chikondi cha nsembe ndi zabwino.

Avdotya Panayeva anakhala mkazi wachiwiri yemwe anasintha moyo wa wolemba ndakatulo waulere. Anapereka ndondomeko ya Nekrasov "Panaevsky". Mipando yokhudza chikondi imadzazidwa moona mtima ndi momveka, mu malemba ophweka owerengera amavumbulutsira choonadi ndi mafunso omwe kwa zaka zambiri amasokoneza maganizo a anthu.

"Panaevsky akuzungulira." Mbiri ya kuyambitsa ndi kuyambitsa

Olemba ndakatulo akhala nthawizonse anthu omwe ali ndi maganizo apadera. Ntchito yawo inabadwa mowunika, chifukwa cha masisitu ochititsa chidwi. Ngakhalenso ndakatulo za Nekrasov sizinasangalatse. Mavesi a "Panayevsky cycle" akuimira mtundu wovomerezeka wokonda ndakatulo ya ndakatulo - Avdotya Yakovlevna. Dzina la wolemba yekha wokondedwa ndi Panayev. Kuchokera apa, monga mukudziwira, kuzungulira kumatenga dzina lake.

Mkazi uyu anali Petersburg, ndipo mitima yambiri inathyoka chifukwa cha kuzizira kwake. Anali wolemekezeka chifukwa cha kukongola kwake ndi khalidwe lapadera. Kuwonjezera pa kuyitanitsa kwina, kunalinso chilakolako chosawoneka mmenemo, chodziwika ndi amayi opha, chifukwa cha zochitika zomwe zawonongedwa ndizowonongeka ndipo moyo umatha.

Kuwonjezera pa kulembedwa kwa chilembo cha Nekrasov kuchokera ku "Panaevsky kuzungulira" kumakhalanso ndi mbiri yakale. Zonse chifukwa, kupatulapo iwo, palibenso chidziwitso chokhudzana ndi zolemba zokhumbazi za wolemba ndakatulo ndi wolimbikitsayo.

Panayeva anali wokwatira, ndipo wolemba ndakatuloyo adaganizira za chaka chonse, koma mphamvu zawo zinali zazikulu kwambiri moti adagonjetsa mtima wa mayi uyu. Kenaka panali ukwati waumwini umene adakhala nawo zaka khumi ndi zisanu.

Mwachidule za "Panayevsky cycle"

Pali olemba ndakatulo omwe amatha kufotokozera mwachidule zochepa zomwe zimamveka komanso kumverera. Nekrasov anali mmodzi wa iwo. Kuzungulira "Panayevsky" ndi chithunzi chenicheni chosonyeza chikondi. Wowerenga, kumizidwa mu dziko la mafano a ndakatulo, ngati kuti amaona zonse ndi maso ake.

Zilembedwa za ndakatulo zoperekedwa kwa ndakatulo wokondedwa zimanena za momwe akumvera ndi zochitika za mnyamata, kuimba kwake ndi mikangano ndi chisangalalo choyanjanitsa, kukhumudwa ndi mikangano yaying'ono. Pali malo owonetsera mafilosofi okhudza moyo ndi imfa, chikondi ndi chidani, kuzunzika ndi chimwemwe.

Pafupifupi mbiri yakale ya chiyanjano cha ndakatulo ndi Avdotya Panayeva zasungidwa. Komabe, ndizozungulira zomwe zimatisonyeza mmene akumvera ndi zochitika za wolemba ndakatulo. Iye ali chisonyezero cha zomwe iye anakumana nazo ndi kumverera.

Mu mndandanda wa ndakatulo, msilikali wamakono ndiye akuimbira wokondedwa wake, ndiye m'chinenero chophweka, pafupifupi prosaically akukamba za mikangano ndi kusamvetsetsana, ndikumvetsa chisoni kuti khalidwe la wokondedwa wake ndi langwiro bwanji.

Ngakhale kuti zofananazi ndizofanana ndi "Denisievsky cycle" F. Tyutchev, imakhala yoyamba ndi yoyambirira, yowala komanso yachilendo. Ntchito yaikulu mu izi imasewera ndi zochitika zamtunduwu ndi kalembedwe kazokambirana. Ndipo wolemba amatsogolera zokambirana pamodzi ndi iyemwini, malingaliro ake ndi mtima wake, ndi mkazi wake wokondedwa.

"Panaevsky yozungulira" Nekrasov: mndandanda wa ndakatulo

Musanayambe ndakatulo, ndibwino kukumbukira nthawi ndi nthawi yomwe adalengedwera. Kenaka kufotokoza poyera za momwe akumvera, zochitika, kuvutika sikunali kuvomerezedwa, kuyankhulana momasuka sikunalandiridwe. Koma chikondi cha ndakatulocho chinamasula manja ake ndikumupulumutsa ku tsankho. Iye adalenga, ngati kuti adatsanulira papepala maganizo ake ndi malingaliro ake, chimwemwe ndi mkwiyo.

"Panaevsky cycle" Nekrasov: mndandanda wa ndakatulo:

• "Inde, moyo wathu unayamba kupandukira ..."
• "Kwa nthawi yaitali, anakanidwa ndi inu ..."
• "Iye anatenga mtanda wolemera kuti awathandize ..."
• "Ndikhululukireni ine! Musakumbukire masiku akugwa,
• "Ife ndife anthu opusa ..."
• "Mangani",
• "Ndiye izi ndi nthabwala? Wokondedwa wanga,
• "Nthaŵi zonse mumakhala wabwino kwambiri"
• "Sindimakonda kunyalanyaza kwanu,
• "Wozunzika! Inu mumayima patsogolo panga ... »,
• "Chaka chovuta chaphwanya matenda anga."

Iyi si mndandanda wathunthu. Malingaliro a otsutsa ndi olemba mabuku, zilembo zambiri zoperekedwa kwa Panayeva sizinatulukidwe konse. Gawo lina linasokonekera mosavuta m'makalata otentha ndi Avdotya. Komabe, omwe adapulumuka adatulutsa chithunzi chonse komanso mlengalenga.

Kusanthula zolemba

Mutu waukulu wazondomekoyi ndi chikondi ndi moyo, zokwera ndi zochepa. Otsutsa ambiri amalingalira ndakatulo za kayendetsedwe kake kuchokera ku filosofi ya malingaliro. Inde, chifukwa filosofi yonse ya moyo, munthu amawona zowonadi zambiri, wolembayo akumaliza kumalo ake.

Mitu yaying'ono yazondomekoyi ndi chikondi ndi kulekana, moyo ndi imfa, chifundo ndi ukali, kukangana ndi chiyanjanitso, kumvetsetsa ndi kusamvetsetsana. Izi zikhoza kumvedwa mosavuta poyang'ana mndandanda womwe uli nawo mu Nekrasov "Panayevsky cycle". Pano ndakatulo ikukhudza ubale wa lyric Hero ndi wokondedwa wake, chisoni chake, ngati panali kusamvetsetsana ndi kusagwirizana mwa awiriwa.

Mmodzi mwa ndakatulo ("Kuyanjana") akulongosola kusiyana kwa okonda. Mzere sikumangopweteka - chikondi cha msilikali wamakono ndi champhamvu kwambiri moti amafanizira kusiyana kwake ndi imfa.

Zilembedwa zoperekedwa kwa Avdotya Panayeva zimakhala zakuya kwambiri. Wolemba ndakatulo samabisa maganizo ake, amawawonetsa mu ndakatulo zake. Nthawi zambiri za ubale wawo zimayikidwa pamsonkhanowu, pamene akusangalala nthawi yotsatizana ndi chisangalalo cham'mbuyo, wolemba ndakatulo samaopa kuyimba ndi kuwawidwa mtima, monga gawo lalikulu la chikondi ndi chilakolako.

Zomwe zimatanthauzidwa mu ndakatulo za kayendetsedwe kake

Olemba ndakatulo poyesera kupereka mavesi awo kuwunika ndi kuyambira ankakonda njira zochepa zowonetsera, kudalira kokha maganizo awo. Izi zinapanga Nekrasov "Panaevsky cycle," omwe mavesi ndi osavuta komanso olembedwa m'chinenero chophweka, chomveka bwino. Komabe, ngati tisiyanitsa kwathunthu gawo la maganizo, izi zingapangitse ndakatulo kwambiri.

Akatswiri ofufuza mabuku ndi akatswiri a "Panaevsky cycle" anatchula njira zingapo zowonongeka, zomwe Nikolai Nekrasov anagwiritsa ntchito m'ndondomeko zake.

Poyamba ndizoyesa. Amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi ndakatulo ndi kupirira kwakukulu. Kumbukirani kuti kufotokozera m'mabuku amatchedwa njira yotsutsana ndi mfundo ziwiri zosiyana kwambiri. Mwachitsanzo, ndakatulo yoyamba ya chizunguliro "Nthawi zonse mumakhala osamvetsetsa": "Ndikumva chisoni ndikumvetsa chisoni" - anatero wolemba ndakatulo za iye yekha ndipo nthawi yomweyo za Avdotya - "maganizo anu okondwa, onyoza." Komanso zotsutsana "kuseka" ndi "misonzi" zimapezeka nthawi zambiri mu ndakatulo zomwe zili m'gululi. Mu ndakatulo "Ife ndife opusa omwe muli nanu", mozizwitsa adasewera ndi wolemba ndakatulo wotere monga kukangana ndi chiyanjano, mkwiyo ndi chikondi. Kulandira chiyeso komanso momwe zingathere kumathandizira wolemba kuti asonyeze kusinthasintha kosintha ndi kumverera kwa masewera olimba.

Zina mwa njira zowonetsera poyera pa malo achiwiri pambuyo poyerekeza ndi ndakatulo, zoperekedwa kwa Avdotya Panayeva, pali ziphuphu.

Nthano "Ndife anthu opusa": kufufuza mwachidule

Buku la wolemba ndakatulo ndi wokondedwa wake linali lamisala. Chisoni ndi kukhumudwa zinadetsa mitima yawo. Anthuwa adakambirana za ubalewu, iwo sankamvetsetseka kwa anthu onse.

NA Nekrasov "The Panaevsky cycle" analenga kwa zaka zambiri. Pafupifupi zaka khumi ndi zisanu ndi zitatu, ubale wake unatha, ndipo mizere yozungulira imakhala pamapepala.

Nthano, yomwe tidzasanthula, imadzipereka bwino kwa ubale wake ndi Avdotya Panayeva. Akudziitanira yekha ndi "anthu opusa" ake, wolemba ndakatulo amatsutsa chikhalidwe chake chopweteka ndi ukali wosasinthasintha wa wokondedwa wake. "Mphindi imeneyo, kuwala kukukonzekera!" - amasonyeza zokonda zawo zonse, kuwawopsa ndi kusamvetsetsa mgwirizano, wodzazidwa ndi zosiyana ndi zosiyana.

Poyambirira, zikuwoneka kuti wolembayo amadzudzula yekha ndi wokondedwa wake, koma mzere wotsatira umasonyeza zosiyana. Pamene zikuchitika, makangano amafunikanso, choonadi chimabadwa mwa iwo, ndipo kusakhutira kumatsanulidwa. Ndipo "pambuyo pa mkangano uli wodzaza kwambiri, kotero kukoma mtima ndiko kubwerera kwa chikondi ndi kutenga nawo mbali" ...

Choncho mwachibwibwi, mophiphiritsira kufotokozedwa mndandanda wa chiyanjano chake NA Nekrasov. Nthano zokhudzana ndi chikondi ("Panaevsky cycle" ili ndi gawo limodzi chabe lao, ambiri anawonongeka m'makalata opsereza a Avdotya) amasonyeza maganizo ochokera kumbali zonse. Ndipo mulole chikondi sichikhala chokongola ndi chokhazikika nthawi zonse, koma kukoma kwake kuyenera kusinthidwa ndi ululu, mwinamwake palibe choyamba kapena kukoma kwachiwiri kudzamva.

Msilikali wokhala ndi luso lozungulira

Ngakhale osaphunzira njira zolembera, wina akhoza kunena mosapita m'mbali kuti mlalang'amba wamakono siwongopeka, koma wolemba ndakatulo mwiniwakeyo. Izi zikugogomezera kalembedwe ka epistolary ka ndakatulo (ndakatulo amakumbutsa makalata a ndakatulo kwa wokondedwa wake). Kuzungulira ndi mtundu wa ndakatulo wolemba ndakatulo, unalengedwa kwa zaka zambiri, kusonyeza chikhumbo chauzimu, kukula ndi kusasitsa kwa wolemba.

Maganizo a heroyo nthawi zonse amasintha malingana ndi momwe akumvera komanso mmene akumvera.

Iye ndi "wosasunthika ndi wodandaula", ndiye "osangalala". Chikhalidwe cha chilengedwechi chimatithandiza kuyang'ana kukambirana kwa maumboni ndi olemba ndakatulo awo, Avdotya, mapulaneti awo, zovuta komanso zosiyana. Mwa ichi - mtengo wapatali wa kuyendayenda, chifukwa cha iye tili ndi mwayi wophunzira za maganizo ochititsa manyazi a wolemba ndakatulo kwa iye yekha m'masamu a moyo.

Chithunzi cha mkazi wanu wokondedwa

Mnyamata wotsogolera amachititsa mbali yapakati ya mndandanda. Otsutsa ambiri sali oopa kumudziwa iye ndi ndakatulo mwiniwake, komanso "zojambula zithunzi" za malingaliro ndi maganizo mu ndakatulo. Koma chofunika kwambiri ndi khalidwe lachiwiri lopambana - mndandanda wokha wolemba ndakatulo Avdotya Panayev.

Nthano yoyamba ya chizunguliro "Inu nthawizonse mumakhala abwino mopanda malire" imatanthauzira ndakatulo wanu wokondedwa ngati wowala, wofatsa ndi wochenjera ("wokondwa, akuseka"). Ochita kafukufuku Nekrasov akuyitanitsa ndakatuloyi yowunikira kwambiri komanso yachifundo. Koma ichi ndi chiyambi chabe.

The "Panaevsky cycle" Nekrasov, yemwe mndandanda wa ndakatulo ukufika pa khumi ndi awiri kufalitsa ntchito, mu ndakatulo ali ndi fano losiyana la khalidwe lalikulu.

"Zinali zosapeŵeka kugawanika, ndipo tsopano ndikusangalala chifukwa cha inu" - mizere iyi imasonyeza ubale wosiyana. Kusiyana koteroko ndi mikangano zidzakhala zambiri, koma wolemba ndakatulo ndi nyumba yake yosungiramo zinthu adzapulumuka pamodzi ndi mavuto ambiri ndi chisoni, chikondi chawo chidzawapatsa mphamvu yakugonjetsa moyo ndi zovuta.

Chifaniziro cha heroic lyrical of cycle chimasintha nthawi zonse. Mkazi uyu ndi wokoma mtima komanso wofatsa, koma zovuta zomwe zimakumana nazo zimamupangitsa kukhala wolimba komanso wolimba. Musanayambe Nekrasov muwonetsedwe mu ndakatulo kusintha kwakukulu kwa anthu omwe anali olembawo anali ochepa kuti aliyense apambane.

Chimodzi mwa ndakatulo za pulogalamuyi imayitana kamodzi kokha ndi Panayeva yemwe ali wodwala komanso wachikondi. "Wozunzika! Iwe umayima pamaso panga ndi mzimu wokongola "- mizere ya ndakatulo iyi imasonyeza mkazi wovutikezeka ndi mtima wosweka. Kuchokera ku kuwala, msungwana wokondwa, heroine anasandulika kukhala "mzimu". Chifukwa chake izo zinachitika, tsopano ndi zovuta kunena. Chikondi sichikhoza kuukitsa, koma chimapweteketsanso.

Zomwe zimayendera

Makhalidwe a "Panaevsky cycle" Nekrasov amatsutsika momveka bwino ndi maganizo ake wochenjera. Wolemba ndakatulo yemwe ali ndi phokoso la cholembera chake amavumbula zakukhosi ndi maganizo.

Kusiyana kwakukulu pakati pa ntchito izi ndi ndakatulo ndi ndondomeko ya chikondi yomwe imayendera limodzi. Zosangalatsa zachikondi zimagwirizana, zimatsatiridwa ndi zenizeni, nthawi zina ngakhale zachilengedwe.

Kutalika kwakukulu, kuwonjezeka kwakukulu. "Mpukutu wa Panaevsky" unakhala ngati vumbulutso la ndakatulo.

Chinthu china chodziwikiratu pa nkhaniyi ndi sewero ndi epic zomwe si zachilendo kwa ndakatulo. Chikondi chapadera cha Nekrasov chiri ndi mizere yambiri ndi malingaliro.

Mwa njira zina zowonetsera, wolemba ndakatulo anagwiritsa ntchito njira yosangalatsa - polyphony. Uwu ndi phokoso la mau awiri kapena ambiri a malemba oimba. Mu ndakatulo ndizolemba za wolemba ndi mau ake amkati, zokambirana za malingaliro ndi kumverera, zomwe amakambirana pakati pa ndakatulo ndi okondedwa ake.

Tiyeneranso kukumbukira maganizo achinsinsi ndi zowonongeka za zochitika za masewera a ndakatulo. Zochitika zawo zamkati sizinali chifukwa cha malingaliro aumwini okha, komanso chifukwa cha kukakamizika kwa anthu komwe chikondi chawo chinali cholakwa komanso chosamvetsetseka.

"Panaevsky cycle" Nekrasov ndi "Denisyevsky ulendo" Tyutchev

Ngakhale chiyambi choyambirira cha mndandanda, mu zolembedwa za ndakatulo za Chirasha pali mndandanda wofanana wa wolemba ndakatulo wamkulu. Ndi za kayendetsedwe ka Denisyevsky ya Fedor Tyutchev.

Izi zikuchitika panthawiyo wolemba ndakatulo adaperekanso kwa mkazi wake wokondedwa - Elena Alexandrovna Denisyeva. Mtsikana uyu anali wophunzira ku Smolny Institute, kumene ana aakazi a Tyutchev anali kuphunzira. Kusiyana kwa zaka makumi awiri ndipo banja la Fedor Ivanovich silinasokoneze chilakolako chonse ndi chikondi pakati pa anthu osiyana. Maganizo awo adayambitsa kutsutsa ndi zokambirana zambiri pakati pa anthu, koma matenda okha omwe adawapha adakali wamng'ono Helen adatha kuwasiyanitsa.

Mofanana ndi "Panaevsky cycle" Nekrasov, "Denisyevsky cycle" akudzipereka kwa chikondi chenicheni ndi champhamvu, zomwe zimasintha munthu, ennobles ndi kutulutsa maganizo ake.

Mu July 1850, pamene Tiutchev adakumana naye Helen, ndakatulo "Come Lord, chimwemwe chanu ..." adawonekera. Apa msilikali wamakono akupempherera chikondi ndipo amadziyerekeza yekha kwa wopempha wopsereza dzuwa amene akuwona munda wochuluka watsopano ndi maloto a kupita kumeneko. Mwachinsinsi ichi chinsinsi chobisika kwambiri. Wolemba ndakatulo akudziphatika yekha ndi osawuka, omwe salipo kwa zosangalatsa za olemera. Amamvetsa kuti mundawo ndi wachilendo, koma amapempherera "chimwemwe".

Zochepa kwambiri zimadziwika ndi Elena Denisyev. Koma dzina lake mu mbiri yakale ndi mabuku, chifukwa cha ndakatulo zoperekedwa kwa ndakatulo.

Kuyerekeza kuyerekezera kwa kayendetsedwe ka N. Nekrasov ndi F. Tyutchev

Mwa izi, kuphatikiza ndi zolemba imodzi, zomwe zimagwirizana kwambiri. Zonsezi zimapereka kwa mkazi wokondedwa, aliyense wa iwo amamveketsa malingaliro osiyanasiyana, nthawizina - zotsutsana kwambiri ndi ndakatulo yomweyo.

Monga "Panaevsky cycle" Nekrasov (kuunika komwe kumawoneka pamwambapa), "Dongosolo la Denisyevsky" limasonyeza zinthu zosayembekezeka kwambiri pamoyo. "O, momwe timawakondera" mu Tyutchev ndi "Ife ndife opusa" ndi Nekrasov, mwachitsanzo, amasonyeza mutu wa chikondi, umene umatayika mu mikangano ndi tsankho, kutsutsidwa ndi kusamvetsetsana.

Pazochitika zonsezi, lingaliro la kukonzanso maganizo limasonyezedwanso ("Tiye, Ambuye, chimwemwe chanu" ndi F. Tyutchev ndi "Kwa nthawi yayitali - anakanidwa ndi inu" N. Nekrasov).

Ngakhale zili zofanana, m'mabuku amenewa muli ndakatulo zambiri. Mwachitsanzo, pulogalamu ya Nekrasov "Panaevsky" inalemba syllable yonyezimira ndi airy. Wandakatuloyu anagwiritsa ntchito chinenero chophweka ndi chomveka. Fedor Tyutchev amavomereza mndandanda wodabwitsa, nyimbo zoimba, zomwe mungathe, ngati mungafune, tsatirani zolemba za anacreontic ndi abusa.

Aliyense wa m'zinthu awa ali katundu mtima wanu nazo. Nekrasov mkombero "Panaevskom" analenga pansi kuponderezedwa kwambiri chikhalidwe. Ambiri anali akuyimba kukana anthu, m'kalata yake, kuti sanaletse iwo maganizo duwa kwa akazi anu okondedwa, koma noticeable kwambiri wotopa, pom'ng'amba mitima yawo. Onse mabuku - Nekrasov ndi Panaeva ndi Tiutchev ndi Denisiev - anali zovuta kumvetsa m'nthawi yawo.

Anali osiyana ndi tsogolo la okondedwa awo. Popeza kuti adzizungulira mbiri, ife sitiyenera kuyembekezera chizindikiro cha chikondi nkhani.

pomaliza

Pafupifupi zaka fifitini kulenga Nekrasov chikondi ndakatulo. "Panaevskom mkombero" ndi modabwitsa owala, mbiri khalidwe ndi kuyatsa mawu wolemba zotentha chopereka ndi chamtengo wapatali andakatulo Russian. Izi deta ndakatulo za ndakatulo munthu, koma ngati inu munaziwerenga izo mu dongosolo kuchuluka, izo zikuwoneka kuti ndi chikondi chenicheni. Pali chikondi ndi omaliza chimwemwe ndi chisoni, kutentha ndi kuzizira, chilakolako ndi kupanda mantha. Nyimbo otchulidwa mkombero kusintha pa nthawi akamakula ndi kuloleza, wanzeru. zosonkhanitsira amasonyeza chikondi pakokha yaitali zaka khumi, ndi moyo.