Japanese haiku. Japanese haiku za chilengedwe. haiku ndakatulo

ndakatulo kukongola enchants pafupifupi anthu onse. Palibe zodabwitsa iwo amanena kuti nyimbo akhoza zikhale ngakhale chirombo kwambiri mwankhanza. Ndi kukongola kwa luso limalephera kwambiri mu solo. Kodi akhoza zimasiyana ndakatulo? Kodi chokopa Japanese atatu mzere haiku? Ndipo kuphunzira kuzindikira tanthauzo kwambiri?

Japanese ndakatulo Kukongola

Moon kuwala ndi wosalimba mtima wa m'mawa chisanu kuuzira olemba ndakatulo Japanese ndakatulo atatu mzere pa chilengedwe cha kuwala zachilendo ndi kuya. Japanese haiku - ndakatulo imeneyi, osiyana m'nyimbo kufotokoza. Komanso, zikhoza kukhala zosatha ndipo zimapatsa m'maganizo ndi kusinkhasinkha kwambiri. Ndakatulo haiku (kapena haiku) Kodi kulekerera mwachangu kapena sharpness. The nzeru za zolengedwa zimenezi wa moyo imatsogoleredwa molunjika ku mitima ya omvera ndipo zimasonyeza maganizo zobisika ndi wolemba chinsinsi. anthu ophweka kwambiri amakonda ndakatulo zimenezi lalifupi kulenga chilinganizo pamene palibe mawu osafunika, ndi syllable mogwirizana chimachititsanso kwa wowerengeka mu mabuku, kupitiriza kukhala ndi kupanga mitundu yatsopano ndakatulo.

Zikamera wa mawonekedwe dziko ndakatulo

Choyambirira chidule, kotero wotchuka mu Japan - pyatistishiya ndi atatu mzere ndakatulo (tanka ndi haiku). thanki kwenikweni kutanthauziridwa monga yochepa nyimbo. Poyamba otchedwa wowerengeka songs, amene anaonekera pa chiyambi cha mbiri Japanese. Mu mabuku, Japan thanki anakankhira nagauta amene ankasiyana kutalika kwambiri. Mu folklore anasunga epic ndi m'nyimbo nyimbo variativnoj kutalika. zaka zambiri, haiku Japanese wosiyana akasinja mu heyday chikhalidwe m'tawuni. Haiku agwira chuma chonse cha zithunzi ndakatulo. Mu mbiri ya ndakatulo Japanese akhala nthawi zonse bwino ndiponso kuchepa. Nthawi zina pamene haiku Japanese mwina kutha palimodzi. Koma kwa nthawi yaikulu ya nthawi, zinadziwika kuti mwachidule ndi succinct ndakatulo mtundu - ndi kufunikira ndi mwamsanga kufunika ndakatulo. mitundu ina ya kulemba ndakatulo kungakhale mofulumira, pansi namondwe wa maganizo. lingaliro lanu otentha akhoza kuyika mu fanizo kapena aphorisms, kupanga losaiwalika kuwalitsa matamando kapena chitonzo.

Mbali khalidwe la ndakatulo Japanese

Japanese haiku ndakatulo ndi kusiyana ndi chilakolako chake cha kufupika, conciseness mawonekedwe, chikondi cha Minimalism n'chobadwa mu Japanese luso lawo, yomwe ndi chilengedwe ndipo akhoza ndi virtuosity ofanana kulenga minimalist ndi yaikulu zithunzi. wotchuka ndiponso wokongola Japanese haiku ndi chiyani? Woyamba ndi condensed maganizo, malingaliro anasonyeza nzika wamba Chenjerani ndakatulo miyambo zachikhalidwe. Japanese haiku amakhala chotengera maganizo capacious ndipo koposa zonse zofunika a mibadwo kukula. Kukongola ndakatulo Japanese - m'chifanizo cha zinthu iwo amene ali pafupi ndi munthu aliyense. Izo zimasonyeza moyo wa munthu ndi chikhalidwe mu umodzi wogwirizana ndi maziko a kusintha kwa nyengo. Japanese ndakatulo - syllabic, ndi mungoli zochokera kusinthana kwa chiwerengero cha syllables. Nyimbo mu haiku moperewera, koma kulira pulayimale ndi rhythmic gulu tercet.

ndakatulo kukula

Only maganizo chathu sichinaphunzitsidwe kuti ndime choyambirira alibe magawo ndi zopinga. Japanese Hokku ali mita khola ndi nambala inayake ya syllables. Vesi lililonse chiwerengero chawo: choyamba - zisanu lachiwiri - zisanu ndi ziwiri, ndi wachitatu - syllables ziwiri zokha. Koma ndakatulo chilolezo zilibe asagwiritse. mlengi imeneyi sadzakhalanso ankaona ngati mita kukwaniritsa mawu ndakatulo.

Small kukula haiku ngakhale European sonnet zimapangitsa chadzaoneni. Art lolembapo Japanese haiku lagona luso kufotokoza malingaliro mawonekedwe achidule. Pambali imeneyi, haiku ndi ofanana ndi miyambi wowerengeka. Kusiyana chachikulu cha miyambi imeneyi kwa haiku mizu mu mbali mtundu wanyimbo. Japanese haiku - si kumangiriza kunena, palibe sharpness chizindikiro ndi ndakatulo chithunzi, chokongoletsedwa ndi zikoti zochepa. Ntchito ndakatulo iyi - m'nyimbo chisangalalo, ndege wa m'maganizo ndi zithunzi zambiri. Haiku zitsanzo Japanese ngakhale ntchito za Chekhov. M'makalata ake akulongosola kukongola kwa mausiku moonlit, nyenyezi ndi mithunzi wakuda.

mfundo zofunika za zilandiridwenso woyimba Japanese

The njira ya kulengedwa kwa ndakatulo Japanese atatu mzere amafuna ntchito pazipita wolemba, amamizidwa thupi lonse ntchito. Collection haiku imeneyi si kupyola maso, osati kuganizira. Aliyense ndakatulo amafuna kuwerenga woganiza ndi nzeru zaumunthu chinyezimiritso. Chabe owerenga sadzatha kumva kugunda chibadidwe chilengedwe cha wokhutira. Only pamene ntchito pamodzi wowerenga maganizo ndi mlengi anabadwa luso woona, monga funde la uta ndi kugwedeza chingwe nyimbo wabadwa. Kakang'ono kukula haiku si atsogolere ntchito Mlengi, chifukwa zikutanthauza kuti ochepa mawu zofunika kuwaganizira kwambiri, ndi kufotokoza yaitali maganizo ake amachita palibe nthawi. Kunena tanthauzo msanga, iliyonse wolemba chodabwitsa kufunafuna kukwaniritsidwa.

Zimphona wa haiku Japanese

andakatulo ambiri zakukhosi kwawo ndi maganizo umodzi potumiza momwe mulinso chinthu makamaka. Ena andakatulo kuonetsa maganizo dziko ndi chithunzi cha chikondi cha mitundu ang'ono ndi ati ufulu wawo moyo. Andakatulo apembedzere analenga awo tizilombo, achule, osawuka yosavuta ndi ambuye. Choncho, Japanese tercets Hokku zitsanzo ndi phokoso chikhalidwe. Kutsindika mitundu ang'ono amalola kujambula chithunzi mwaunyinji.

Kukongola kwa chilengedwe ndakatulo

Japanese haiku za m'chilengedwe mofananira kuti kupenta, monga zambiri kulanda chiwembu cha zithunzi ndi chinkatilimbikitsa aluso. Nthawi zina haiku - chapadera zikuluzikulu za pachithunzipa, amene anali zolemba monga calligraphic chokongoletsedwa pansi. A chitsanzo chapadera cha ntchito imeneyi imatengedwa tercet Buson:
"Maluwa colza mozungulira. Dzuwa uchoka kumadzulo. Mwezi limatulukira kum'mawa."
Limafotokoza munda lonse yokutidwa ndi wachikasu maluwa colza, ngati makamaka chosangalatsa kumadzulo. Yamoto lonse dzuwa bwino umasiyana ndi wotumbululuka kuwuka mwezi. Mu umodzi, palibe mwatsatanetsatane, kusonyeza zotsatira za kuunika ndi mtundu phale, koma limatithandiza maonekedwe atsopano pa chithunzi chachikulu. Kuyambira ndakatulo iyi zimadalira grouping wa zofunika ndi mbali pa chithunzipo. Kalembedwe laconic wa fano mbadwa haiku Japanese ndi mtundu zojambula mochita kugoba Ukiyo-e:

Kuthira kasupe mvula!
M'njiramo nkhani
Ambulera ndi Mino.

haiku Izi ndi mtundu wanyimbo powonekera Buson mu mzimu zipsera Ukiyo-e. Tanthauzo lake - pokambirana ndi a odutsa awiri m'chaka mvula. Mmodzi wa iwo ali ndi ambulera, ndipo winayo wavala udzu raincoat - Mino. Nkhani ina haiku ili ndi mpweya watsopano wa kasupe ndi nthabwala wochenjera, pafupi ndi grotesque.

The zithunzi mu ndakatulo woyimba Japanese

ndakatulo A amene amalenga haiku Japanese, nthawi zambiri amapezeka kuti zithunzi zithunzi bwino. Liwu lililonse ali ndi tanthauzo lapadera, ndipo nthabwala. ndakatuloyi ungasonyezedwere chimkokomo mphepo, akulira crickets, kulira kwa nkhukutembo, nyimbo ya Nightingale ndi lark, mawu a cuckoo lapansi. Choncho losaiwalika haiku kufotokoza oimba lonse, woomba mu nkhalango.

Lark akuimba.
Ndikuganizira nkhonya kwa kunadetsa
Anabwereza fizanti.
(Baso)

Pamaso owerenga palibe panorama chochuluka koyanjana ndi mafano, koma lingathandize lingaliro ndi malangizo ena. Ndakatulo amafanana monochrome inki zojambula, popanda mumve zambiri. Ochepa mochenjera osankhidwa zinthu kuthandiza kulenga luso lake kufupika chithunzi mochedwa m'dzinja. Predvetrennaya chisoni chete ndi kunja kuli zii zachilengedwe. Kuwala mizere chifaniziro koma ali ndi mphamvu yapamwamba ndi captivates kuya kwake. Ndipo ngakhale yekha mu ndakatuloyi akufotokoza chilengedwe, kumva boma la moyo a ndakatulo iyi, kusungulumwa kwake chopweteka.

Flight m'maganizo wa owerenga

Hokku chikoka lagona ndemanga. Only mawonekedwe ndime amalola kuti ndi mwayi wofanana olemba. owerenga amakhala Co-wolemba. Ndipo akhoza kutsogoleredwa ndi maganizo awo analalikira za chifanocho. Pamodzi ndi ndakatulo wowerenga amamva chisoni, kufunitsitsa nawo ndi kumizidwa mu kuya kwa chondichitikira. M'zaka lalitali la haiku wakale mochepa kwambiri. Japanese haiku osati mapulogalamu, koma akupangira ndi chimakulimbikitsani. kulakalaka kwa akufa mwana ndakatulo Issa m'kukoma haiku:

moyo wathu - ndi mame.
Tiyeni dontho la mame
miyoyo yathu - koma ...

Rosa nthawi yomweyo ndi fanizo kwa impermanence wa moyo. Chibuda limaphunzitsa kufupika ndi chikhalidwe ephemeral moyo wa munthu ndi kufunika kwake otsika. Koma bambo sangathe kubwera kwa mawu ndi imfa ya wokondedwa ndi singakhale ndi moyo monga nzeru zapamwamba a. sanalembe kumapeto kwa Vesi akuti kuposa mawu.

Nedogovoronnost hockey

Kuvomerezedwa mchitidwe haiku Japanese ndi nedogovoronnost ndi mwayi kupitiriza mzere wa Mlengi. Nthawi zambiri, vesi lili ndi mawu ziwiri zofunika, ndi zina - mwambo, ndi exclamations. zonse superfluous nachotsedwa, kusiya mfundo anabala popanda anakopekanso. ndalama ndakatulo amasankhidwa mouma kwambiri ngati n'kotheka pamene kugwiritsa ntchito mafanizo ndi achipongwe. Komanso zimachitika kuti ndakatulo Japanese haiku ndi kufalitsidwa mafanizo, koma mtengo mwachindunji lagona subtext lapansi.

Wa peony pachimake
Pang'onopang'ono zakukwawa njuchi ...
O, momwe mphwayi!

Basho analemba ndakatulo imeneyi panthawi n'kuwononga nyumba ya mnzake ndi bwino zapita mtima onse.

Poziya Japanese haiku wakhala ndi kukhala ndi luso nzeru za thupi anthu wamba: amalonda, osema, osawuka, ndipo ngakhale osauka. maganizo oona mtima ndi maganizo chilengedwe, chibadidwe munthu aliyense, mbadwa oimira magulu osiyana siyana.