Luso ndi azamalamulo Kupenda zolemba. A azamalamulo luso Kupenda zolemba

Luso ndi azamalamulo Kupenda zolemba ndi kuphunzira kuti akapatsidwa kudziwa umboni wa mapepala chizindikiritso ndi zipangizo kupanga awo. chinthu ichi zimatheka pogwiritsa ntchito nzeru zapadera ndi maluso a sayansi, umagwirira, zomangamanga ndi zida yokha.

maofesi kafukufuku

Pamene yoikidwiratu luso zoona azamalamulo zikalata, mapepala zotsatirazi kufufuzidwa:

1. Zipangizo zimene amapangidwira.
2. Tehsredstva mwatsatanetsatane.
3. Documents.
4. Tehsredstva kuti akumaliza awo.
5. Zamgululi amene ntchito kusintha zili.
6. zinthu zina scanned mwa njira ya.

ntchito

Kuchititsa Kupenda azamalamulo umalimbana kuthetsa ntchito zotsatirazi:

1. Chiphaso. Pa nthawi yomweyo anazindikira munthu amene amasindikizidwa lemba kufufuzidwa katundu ndi zipangizo, anakhazikitsa njira luso ntchito ndi chinaonekeranso mbali ya zikalata.
2. Gulu. chinthu ndi kufufuzidwa chifukwa ndiwe wa gulu linalake.
3. Matenda. Iwo limafufuza pamene munthu pepala wapangidwa ngati zasintha kwa izo, ndi malemba oyambirira anatsimikiza.

Pamodzi ndi kuyambitsa njira zatsopano kupanga ndi njira kukula counterfeiting. Akufotokozera komanso Kupenda luso ndi azamalamulo mapepala.

mitundu kuphunzira

Mitundu - ndi chokongoletsedwa ndi kuteteza mapepala pepala kukonzedwa mfundo kusindikiza kapena njira zina.

Pakuti sheya boma, pali zofunikira. Ndipo mu zolowa ntchito kuwonetsa kudzapereka mogwirizana. Mafomu wofuna kumvetsa gwero - bungwe. Amachita yosindikiza, aliyense kuti ali owerengedwa ndipo lingafanane. Akusowekapo ndi choyimira cha kuchita makampani okha makina kuti alandira chilolezo zoyenera ntchito.

Fakes zosiyana malingana mapangidwe mmisiri wa maluso ndi kupezeka kwa zipangizo. Mwachitsanzo, lemba la angaonere. Ndiye kuonekera kuchimwa, intervals m'goli pakati pa mizere ndi zilembo. Ngati muli makina apamwamba, pali chitsanzo anamuukitsa, thickening wosanjikiza, lemba mosiyana ndi zina zotero. Planographic yosindikiza zithunzi limodzi kupatuka kukula kwa zilembo ku mtundu weni weni, kusowa momveka, kumugwetsera mizere ndi zina zotero.
Pamene anagwira azamalamulo azamalamulo bwinobwino pamodzi ndi zida mayeso kupereka zitsanzo pachiyambi ndi mbale chomwecho yosindikiza komanso analamula mu typography chomwecho pansi pa nambalayi. Iwo akuyerekezedwa ndi maonekedwe onse, maziko a kudzatunga tanthauzo lake.

Malinga ndi malamulo kusindikizidwa panopa katundu ali nkhani chitetezo:

• wapadera chiwerengero;
• watermark;
• wapadera CHIKWANGWANI;
• luminescence ndi kuwala;
• wapadera yosindikiza;
• maziko gululi a mitundu iwiri;
• kuteteza ulusi;
• chitetezo ku mtundu photocopying.

Ndisonyezeni yabodza, chikalata lodalirika amene amapangidwa pa kampani makina, ndi opanda pake. Choncho, ambiri ntchito njira kayeseleledwe. Izi zikutanthauza kudziŵa zotsatira kuti kuganizira amafanana anthu ntchito mawonekedwe, koma ndi umisiri ena.

Research wa anasaina ndi masitampu

chidindo - fano pa pepala, zopangidwa ndi ntchito makina clichés kutsimikizira kudalirika.

Pachikhalidwe zipsera yabodza motere:

• chojambula;
• kubalana kudula zikopa, labala linoleum kapena PAD;
• ndi kuimba makalata makina;
• ntchito perekopirovki.

Yabodza pepala Akumenya zipsera ndi m'njira zina. Nthawi zambiri, luso ndi azamalamulo Kupenda zolemba limasonyeza ntchito zamakono kuti ntchito ndi kupanga choyambirira. Kudziwa kupereka 10 20 zipsera.

Chinyengo cha siginecha imagwiridwa ndi kutsatira sitiroko kapena amaonekera. Malinga kukhazikitsa Tingaone:

• Chikunena za pepala mpweya;
• malo achilendo pa mzere;
• kusiyana kwa mtundu wa zikoti ndi;
• matendawa,;
• chiphwanya ndi utachepa kugwirizana;
• maso kusweka;
• smudges;
• kuundana ndi zambiri.

zolemba zina, overprint ndi erasure

Amaika ndi dopisok kapena dopechatok mukuwonjezera makalata, mawu, mawu, kapena zizindikiro. Mbali yaikulu mu nkhani iyi ndi:

• Cholembedwa kusiyana kukula, pamalo otsetsereka a makalata, Kusinthaku;
• kuwayika mminda, m'mbali mwa mizere;
• kusiyana inki.

Zotsuka zachitika umakaniko - kuchotsa kapena kuchipala. Zizindikiro mu nkhani iyi ndi:

• rumplessness pepala, ang'onoang'ono ndi makulidwe, kuwonongeka zoteteza gululi, kutha kwa gloss;
• kuda mizere ya lemba kuti anali pachiyambi.

M'malo mapepala ndi zithunzi

forensics wodziimira payekha angathe kusiyanitsa m'malo a pepala limodzi kapena angapo mwa zinthu zotsatirazi:

• Zimakhala zazikulu mapepala;
• kuda zakudya zamtundu;
• pepala mthunzi.

zithunzi m'malo actualize ndi gluing ndi wotsatira amaonekera dorisovki, plywood ndi kuteteza zomata emulsion ake wosanjikiza amene chachotsedwa kusindikiza chithunzi chenicheni. Angazindikire onyenga, pakalibe amaonekera, ndi mismatch pa mbali chithunzi ndi mawonekedwe, kusiyana kwa kachulukidwe kapena pamaso pa zinthu zina.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa zili original

Luso ndi azamalamulo Kupenda bwalo amatha kuchira anawoloka kunja, kusambira ndi kujambula smeary. Ntchito zofufuza izi kudziwa ndi azimveka kusiyana mu zipangizo, imene waikamo kusokonezedwa. Chifukwa chaichi:

• Research chithunzi, pamene kusiyana chikuoneka Mwachitsanzo, ndi X-ray munda mafunde kapena cheza oblique;
• Kukopera ndi kukopera yonyowa kapena akakufunsani,
• mtundu kulekana;
• njira zina.

mafunso ingakhale monga azamalamulo ndi kubwezeretsa malemba discolored ndi chinazilala imene ikuchitika mwa thupi, mankhwala ndi njira physicochemical kuti utithandize kusiyana pakati ikutsika ndi kusanthula pamwamba luminescence, infuraredi kawalidwe dera ndi mzake.
Nthawi zina kupitirira kukonza anatentha zikalata, desiccated, charred, ndipo nthawi zambiri wosweka.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa malire a zotsimikizira chikalatacho

Akatswiri akhoza kukhala funso yopanga nthawi kujambula. Mu ntchito iyi kusiyanitsa mtheradi ndi wachibale remoteness. Pa kuika woyamba, pamene chikalata ndi wasenza, ndipo lachiwiri - akuyambira a zolemba mu izo.

Mu nkhani iyi, remoteness mtheradi kulipenda palokha azamalamulo detects zizindikiro akudzizindikiritsa zosasintha pa nthawi (zili, maziko a zikalata, etc.) ndi variable (zaka ntchito pastes kwa makola ballpoint, inki ndege yosindikiza, ndi zina zotero. N.). Ndi nkhani ya malire a wachibale, amadziwika: mu Kuthi anatengedwa woyamba kulowa lemba kenako lowani chikalata, ndiyeno stamped. Ngati dongosolo ili akawinduka, ndiye ife tikhoza kulankhula za unsembe. mafunso zimenezi wakhoza kumuuza azamalamulo bwino. Moscow monga likulu ndi malo yoyenera kwambiri. Komanso m'mizinda ina unachitikira Kupenda zimenezi, ngati n'koyenera.