HACCP - ndichiyani? Khalidwe dongosolo HACCP: Mfundo, kukhazikitsa, maphunziro, chitsimikizo

HACCP dongosolo - ndi lingaliro lonse kwa chizindikiritso, kuwunika ndi kasamalidwe ka ngozi ya zakudya. Kwenikweni linamasuliridwa ndi chidule umaimira "Hazard Analysis ndi Ovuta Control Mfundo". Development wa HACCP inayamba mu 60s Mu zaka zapitazo mu United States. Lero, kachitidwe umagwira ntchito padziko lonse. Nkhaniyi ikufotokoza nkhani zikuluzikulu za HACCP: icho chiri, chifukwa pamafunika, momwe ntchito ndi zambiri.

makhalidwe General

funso waukulu choti anthu amene sanamvepo acronym HACCP - "? Kodi izo". HACCP - mtundu wa muyeso lonse kupanga chitetezero. dongosolo amapereka kulamulira magawo onse a zakudya. chidwi linaperekedwa kwa mfundo yovuta ulamuliro - siteji ndi ndende apamwamba zinthu woopsawo. Mfundo HACCP anakonza kuti iwo akhoza akuyendera gawo lililonse kupanga chakudya.

kachitidwe kasamalidwe anamanga pamaziko a HACCP, ankaona kuti chakudya machitidwe chitetezo. Aliyense boma lili ndi malangizo yake kuti ayang'anire kulemekeza mfundo za HASP. Mu Ukraine DSTU, ndipo mu Russia - GOST.

HACCP kulamulira zinthu, zochitika ndi zinthu, mwa njira ina yogwirizana ndi chakudya mankhwala ndi kungachititse kuti choipa, matenda kapena imfa. mfundozi ingakhale monga iyi: kwachilengedwenso, mankhwala ndi thupi. Tiyeni tikambirane mfundo iliyonse mtundu payokha.

kwachilengedwenso

Mitundu uli ngozi chifukwa cha yaying'ono-zamoyo (mavairasi, mabakiteriya, tizilombo kapena bowa), omwe sasamalira zinthu zamakono za ulimi. Chitsanzo chabwino biohazard akhoza kuchita tizilombo microflora, amene ntchito kuchotsa ndondomeko pasteurization.

mankhwala

kalasi Izi zikuphatikizapo mamolekyulu ndi zinthu:

1. Ali nyama ndi zomera mu mawonekedwe awo achilengedwe. Mwachitsanzo, mu bowa poyizoni.
2. Awonjezedwa unsembe dala kukula ndi mankhwala processing. zinthu izi zikhoza kukhala otetezeka kokha pamene iwo ntchito anakumana anakhazikitsa mfundo HACCP. Chitsanzo cha zinthu zina: mankhwala, herbicides ndi zina zotero.
3. Mwina kulowa chakudya mankhwala mwangozi, mwachitsanzo mankhwala mankhwala nkhani ma CD.
4. Mmene chitetezo cha m'thupi yekha ena ogula. Tikuyankhula makamaka za allergens.

thupi

Ngozi zathupi anthu zinthu zomwe sayenera chakudya m'mikhalidwe yachibadwa. Iwo analowa mu kupanga ndondomeko ndi zingachititse mavuto yokulirapo thanzi. Zikuphatikizapo: zidutswa za galasi, tchipisi nkhuni, miyala, zodulidwa zitsulo, ndi zina zotero.

Ubwino HACCP

Ndichiyani, aliyense amadziwa injiniya, monga kukhazikitsa dongosolo mu ntchito ya ogwira amapereka angapo ubwino osati chifukwa alimi, koma mapeto wosuta a mankhwala. Ubwino waukulu, ndithudi, chifukwa mkulu mlingo wa mankhwala otetezera ndi, chotero, kochulukira mlingo wa kukhulupirika makasitomala. Koma pali phindu lina:

1. ayankhe mofulumira nkhani akutulukira zokhudza chitetezo mankhwala.
2. Kuchepetsa zomvetsa.
3. Latsopano mipata msika.
4. Kuwonjezeka udindo wa antchito.

Mfundo za HACCP

Mofanana ndi dongosolo lililonse, ndi mfundo zina za HACCP. Kodi izo, ife kale anachita nawo. Tsopano ife tikupeza zomwe ziri mu dongosolo. dongosolo chitetezo chakudya ali mfundo zina. ntchito yawo limakupatsani mwamsanga kuti angakumane ndi kuyamba nazo pamaso iwo kulenga owononga. Asanu mwa mfundo zimenezi, ndipo aliyense wa iwo amayenera kulandira chisamaliro chapadera.

kusanthula ngozi

Mawu oyamba a HACCP ku kampani imayamba ndi kusanthula ngozi. Amakhulupirira kudziwa kuopsa kusalankhula kuti ndi Mwina mkulu zingakhale zovulaza thanzi la munthu. kuwunika chimakwirira onse zosakaniza amagwiritsidwa ntchito nawo mbali, komanso kupanga wokha ndi magawo ake wocheperapo. Security funso ankafufuza mosiyana ndi mankhwala khalidwe. Mbali yayikuli ya ndondomekoyi HACCP Umutu ndi ngozi kusanthula. Ngati anaphedwa molondola, ndiye dongosolo zidzakhala zopanda phindu.

kuwunika kumabweretsa:

1. Kudziwika zowopseza zotheka ndi chizindikiritso cha amayesetsa kusamalira iwo.
2. Chizindikiritso cha njira kuonetsetsa chitetezo cha mankhwala kungakupatseni.
3. Tanthawuzo la kusintha zofunika.

Choncho, pa mfundo iyi izo amalenga maziko kupeza mfundo ulamuliro (mfundo yachiwiri ya dongosolo).

Hazard chizindikiritso zichitike magawo awiri. Pa akatswiri yosanthula: zosakaniza, zipangizo, zochita za antchito, chomaliza mankhwala, komanso njira kusunga ndi kugawira mankhwala. zowopseza onse akupezeka mndandanda. Mu gawo lachiwiri lililonse kuwaopseza lingathe kupenda mawu cha zovuta zoopsa zomwe zingayambitse. Kuopsa ali m'magulu malinga ndi mlingo wa kufunika ndipo anapereka mu mawonekedwe tabular.

Khama la mfundo yovuta ulamuliro

njirayi n'kofunika kulamulira, kupewa kapena kuchepetsa chiopsezo. Kudziwa mfundo zino ndi maziko yosamalira ngozi pa dongosolo HACCP. Control ikuchitika m'madera n'zotheka kupewa ngozi kapena kuchepetsa mmene iye asatayike. Iwo ayenera mwaluso ndiponso chovomerezeka. mfundo yovuta ntchito yokhayo yotumikira mankhwala kasamalidwe chitetezo. Zimenezi zingakhale zinthu monga: kuona pamaso pa sludge mu zosakaniza, poona pamaso pa iwo zosafunika zachitsulo, kutentha mankhwala ndi zina zotero. Pa nthawi yomweyo njira zofanana kupanga angakhale osiyana chowopsya, chotero, mfundo yovuta.

Khama la makhalidwe ovuta

Tili - pazipita phindu osachepera ndi chizindikiro kuti ukulamulidwa pa mfundo yovuta. chizindikiro kulembapo kuti azitha kusiyanitsa pakati otetezeka ndi sangadziteteze la ogwira ntchito mu inayake.

Mfundo ulamuliro ambiri ali ndi magawo angapo, mfundo yovuta mopitirira. i Tili ndi zizindikiro ayenera alembedwa mfundo za kampani, malangizo ndi zikalata zina.

Kukhazikitsidwa kwa ndondomeko polojekiti

Kuwunika - ndi anakonza zochita kayendetsedwe ndi muyeso wa zedi zenizeni pa mfundo yovuta. Ndi polojekiti, mungathe:

1. Tsatani patsogolo ntchito yopanga. Ngati pali chizolowezi kwa chiyerekezo cha chizindikiro kufunika yovuta, mukhoza anasintha, motero kuchenjeza zotsatira osafunika.
2. Kudziwa yofanana index pa mfundo yovuta.
3. Bwino ndi ntchito zomwe zalembedwa chitetezo kutsimikiza kugwilizana ndi mfundo amasokoneza.

Njira yowunikira amadalira chikhalidwe ndi chiwerengero cha mfundo yovuta kulamulira, i yeniyeni chitetezo ndi malire ulamuliro osiyanasiyana. Wogwila kuti oyang'anira tiyenera kukhala ndi njira anasankhidwa ndi makina apadera. The zipangizo njirayi ndi kuvomerezedwa ndi calibrated ndi kutsimikizika monga mbali zofunika yunifolomu ya dongosolo HACCP.

Control, ngati n'kotheka, ayenera kukhala mosalekeza. Pakali pano, pali njira zambiri za zowunika mosalekeza ndi miyezo chikukonzekera. Ambiri a iwo - mothandizidwa ndi checklists. Choncho, kusankha njira polojekiti ayenera mmalo njira yothandizira.

Ngati kumene n'zosatheka kuchita ndondomeko izi mu mode mosalekeza, ndi zina macheke akonzedwa pafupipafupi. Ziyenera kukhala ngati kuti ulamuliro wa ndondomeko aliyense mfundo yovuta yodzera. Kujambulitsa zotsatira za zowunika ayenera kukhala pachibwenzi cheke ndi Maina a kuyenderako.

Khama la zochita kukonza

HACCP pulogalamu lakonzedwa osati kudziwa mavuto, komanso kupeza njira kupewa awo, kuwonongedwa, kapena kuchepetsa kufala kwa ogula. Sizotheka kuti tikwaniritse mbiri wangwiro chitetezo. Zolakwika ku zofunika kungakhale mwamtheradi makampani iliyonse. HACCP dongosolo Cholinga mupewe kutenga mankhwala otsika khalidwe wogula.

Pansi zimenezi kuwongolera anatanthauza ndondomeko:

1. Tingamudziwe ndi kuthetsa mavuto a sanali kugwilizana.
2. Khama la malo kulephera zinachitika.
3. Kulembetsa unachitikira pa miyeso kusintha.

Pakuti aliyense ulamuliro mfundo yovuta anayamba dongosolo osiyana kanthu kuti asinthe. Dongosolo ambiri HACCP pazikhalanso monga osachepera: zikuchokera ntchito ya kusintha; mbali ya amene ali ndi udindo zimenezi; ndipo zikuchokera zolemba kusintha.

Khama la njira yotsimikiza

Yotsimikiza anatchula zinthu zimene kuwonjezera polojekiti awonetsepo mphamvu ya kukhazikitsa ndondomeko HACCP ndi kutha kwa ntchito malinga ndi zolinga izi. Yotsimikiza ikuchitika dongosolo chitukuko, njira ndi Integrated mu dongosolo chonse HACCP.

Mbali imodzi chifungulo cha ziyenera yotsimikiza akutumikira luso dongosolo kugwira ntchito mogwirizana kwambiri ndi dongosolo. Kuti zimenezi zitheke, kampani njira Integrated zochita natsimikiza kukhazikitsa zolondola dongosolo HACCP, makamaka polojekiti yoyenera, kusintha, zolembedwa ndi zina zotero.

Mbali ina ofunika zochita kutsimikizira kuti dongosolo HACCP ndi zotheka, ndi zinthu zomwe zilipo kale, ndipo angathandize kusintha Mwachangu ya polojekiti kuwaopseza zotheka. Information wofunikila dongosolo yachinsinsi ingakhale monga iyi: Katswiri maganizo kuyang'aniridwa ndi antchito, kayesedwe ntchito ndi zina zotero. njira yotsimikiza ikuchitika, osati ndodo ya ogwira ntchito, komanso ndi akatswiri kunja popanda kudalira makampani zatulutsidwa.

Development wa zolembedwa ndi

Mfundo HACCP akhala ntchito monga efficiently ngati n'kotheka, ayenera kukhala timva ndi zikalata zoyenerera. Ndiyamika zolembedwa, mukhoza kulamulira dongosolo, kuwunika mphamvu ya njira, kupeza dongosolo komanso kutsimikizira kuti chotsirizidwa chofunika mfundo chitetezo. zolembedwa zimadalira chikhalidwe cha ulimi. Mu mau, mu phukusi zofunika zikuphatikizapo: dongosolo HACCP, mndandanda wa ngozi, kujambula ndi kutsimikizira kukhazikitsa dongosolo, komanso kaundula ndi zikalata-mzere, amene chikalata pa ntchito dongosolo.