Acrostics ndi chiyani? History ndi kufanizitsa

Masiku ano, pali yaikulu zosiyanasiyana andakatulo mitundu ndakatulo imene angalenge katswiri wawo. Mmodzi wa iwo - ndi acrostic, akale uli wotchuka kwambiri makamaka pakati alakatuli Silver Age. Acrostics analemba Valeriy Bryusov, Anna Akhmatova, Nikolai Gumilyov, ndipo ngakhale Sergei Yesenin. Mu mbiri yonse ya mabuku ena ambiri ndakatulo otchuka kwambiri, anayesa dzanja lake pa kulemba acrostics.

ndi acrostics Kodi

Mawu "acrostic" amachokera ku Greek ndipo limatanthauza 'mzere ndakatulo. " N'zochititsa chidwi kuti Asilavo anali ndi mawu awo kwa lingaliro ili - kraestrochie.

Childs, acrostic ndi mawu aliwonse ndi tanthauzo, makalata koyamba chiganizo chilichonse chimene chingalowe kupanga mawu, mawu kapena chiganizo. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti mwa acrostics Agiriki anali kuonedwanso ndi mawu kumveka popanda nyimbo.

Acrostics ku Roma ndi ku Ulaya

Popeza anachitira ndi mfundo zimenezi acrostics, yankhoyi ifunika ku welenga ndi mbiri mwachidule za zikamera awo ndi kufalikira.

Mlengi wa fomu iyi ndakatulo ndi Epicharmus cha Ko - wolemba ndakatulo Wolemba wina wa ku Girisi. Ndi dzanja lake kuunika mawonekedwe ndime.

Patapita ambiri anayala mtundu uwu ndakatulo ndi mu Ufumu wa Roma. Pobwereka mbali zambiri za chikhalidwe kwa Agiriki, Aroma anali amagwiritsidwanso acrostics. The acrostic otchuka pa dzina la woyang'anira a ndakatulo iyi ndi chibwenzi chake wokongola. Nthawi zina wachiroma wolemba ndakatulo chitetezo otgadki mikuluwiko mu ndakatulo wake. Kawirikawiri acrostics kulemba anangokhala thupi ndakatulo iyi.

Imodzi mwa ntchito wotchuka wa mtundu uwu amagwirizana ndi Chikristu kufalikira mu Ufumu wa Roma. Choncho, choyamba m'chilamulo, monga Akhristu, kudziwana wina ndi mzake lopangidwa ndi acrostic mawu "Yesu" anadzipereka. ntchito likugwirizana koposa kwa subspecies acrostic - akrotelestihu.

Ndi zikamera wa Chikhristu ndi chipembedzo chokhacho mu Ages Middle acrostics sanataye kutchuka kwake. Koma tsopano, sadziwa kulemba ndakatulo yolembedwa, ndipo tonsured mmonke. Kulemba ndakatulo ndakatulo wodzipereka kwa Mulungu, komanso pa nkhani m'Baibulo, Chimonko zambiri "zobisika" mu maina awo kapena malangizo awo pa momwe kumvetsa bwino nkhani iyi.

Mu yakale mabuku acrostic amagwiritsidwanso. Tsopano, iye anachita ntchito ya cipher chifukwa cha toughened kufufuza ndi mpingo. Ambiri mwapang'onopang'ono anzeru ndi asayansi ntchito acrostics nawo ndi aliyense zina chinsinsi kapena amaseka ndikumalankhula akuluakulu.

Amene zoyenera acrostics wa Ages Middle? Nthawi zambiri, anthu olemekezeka. Ambiri olemba ndakatulo ndi luso la nthawi imeneyo kupeza ndi woyang'anira wamphamvu, kudzipereka iwo ntchito yake. Koma acrostics bwino kutha kulemba si aliyense chifukwa cha dongosolo zovuta za ndakatulo ndi kufunika adzausunga m'njira yoyenera. Komanso, anthu olemera si wopusa, ndipo ngakhale odziwa kwambiri ndi ovuta ndakatulo, koma ineptly olembedwa ndime Tingaone.

Acrostics mu mabuku Russian wa chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu mochedwa - oyambirira makumi awiri zaka

Mu mabuku Russian anawonjezera acrostic (zitsanzo m'munsimu) kuyamika Archimandrite Herman, amene anakhalako chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri. Ndi zabwino ndakatulo talente, mmonke analemba ndakatulo zochokera Masalmo a Davide. Nthawi zambiri mu ndakatulo ake scrambled dzina lake. Asanabadwe athuwo ziwiri zokha za ndakatulo zake, zomwe zinalembedwa kalembedwe acrostic.

Mu chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu - m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi acrostics kenako kutchuka kwake, kupereka njira zina ndime.

Koma ndi kubwera kwa Silver Age andakatulo Russian (m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi), ndi maonekedwe mu mabuku a ndakatulo zambiri acrostic linadzazanso otchuka. Izi anali ntchito ndi chitukuko cha ophiphiritsa, ngati acrostic anathandiza zimaonetsa kuti "kubisa" mu ndakatulo zina chizindikiro.

Anna Akhmatova, Nikolai Gumilyov, Valentin Bryusov ndi zina zambiri ndakatulo kwambiri panthawi imeneyo anali kulemba acrostics wokongola, nthawi zina kuthera iwo wina ndi mzake kapena kupikisana nawo pamodzi. Makamaka amakonda acrostics Valeriy Bryusov amene analemba zambiri acrostics zosiyanasiyana mitundu.

Kwa m'ma ndipo lero acrostics si otchuka, koma iwo alipo mu ntchito za iliyonse ndakatulo. Ichi ndi chifukwa chakuti acrostic n'kovuta - pambuyo onse kulemba acrostic wabwino angakhoze kokha mwangwiro kugwiritsa ntchito luso amafananirako ndakatulo. Komanso, acrostics masiku ano olembedwa kuti munthu wina mphatso tchuthi ndipo inali wapadera moni. Nthawi zina chabe kudzipereka zinazake kapena nthawi ya chaka. Choncho, Anastasia Bogolyubov analemba acrostic yaing'ono "Spring".

Munthu wina akapuma kununkhira kwa moyo,
Natural ndi wokongola mtima,
Titathawa ku misewu matope,
Yekha ndi mphamvu zachilengedwe
Makodi lidzalira nkhalango.

mitundu acrostics

Popeza anachitira ndi chakuti acrostics ngati muphunzire mbiri yawo, inu mukhoza kupita kwa kufanizitsa awo. Ndi za kwa acrostics kopita, pali mitundu itatu iwo.

1. Acrostic-Kudzozedwa. Mtundu ambiri nthawi zonse fomu iyi ndakatulo. The zisoti wa ndakatuloyi, monga ulamuliro, codified dzina la munthu amene ntchito inapatulidwa - zopindula, wokondedwa kapena chabe bwenzi. Acrostics, kudzipereka zambiri analemba kuti andakatulo mzake wa Silver Age. Mwachitsanzo, Nikolai Gumilyov analemba acrostic a Anna Akhmatova.
2. Acrostic kiyi. Mu ndakatulo iyi, mu zilembo zazikulu encrypted ndi tithe kumvetsa tanthauzo la ntchito yonse. Nthawi zambiri ntchito popeka mikuluwiko. Chitsanzo ndi acrostic "Ubwenzi" Yuri Neledinsky-Mielec, oyesa Tsarevich Alexei.
3. Acrostic-cipher. Iwo ndiyotengera mawu, mawu, kapena ngakhale chiweruzo chonse, chimene sayenera mwazindikira alendo. Iwo ali kufalitsa acrostic izi m'zaka ambiri a Mpingo wa kusaka. Ndipo panthawi zosiyanasiyana, m'mayiko kufufuza anali makamaka wovuta.

Palinso mitundu ina ya acrostic. Iwo abetsedary, mezostih, Telesto, akrotelestih, akrokonstruktsiya ndi opendekera acrostic. Ngakhale nthawi zina amakhala ngati mitundu osiyana mwandakatulo. Pa nthawi, funso angaloledwe lawo subspecies wa acrostics wotseguka.

abetsedary

Abetsedary - acrostic, zinalembedwa kuti afabeti. Mu ntchitoyi, mawu kapena chiyambi cha Vesi akuyamba ndi zilembo mu dongosolo. Mu mabuku Russian ndi chodziwika abetsedary Valery Bryusov.

Telesto

Galasi analogue acrostic. Iwo encrypted mawu si mu makalata oyambirira a mizere choyambirira cha ndakatulo, monga m'mbuyomu. Nthawi zambiri, m'malo kalata limodzi kumapeto kwa Vesi anaima ndi syllable kapena mawu. Mtundu wa ndakatulo anali wotchuka kwambiri mu mabuku Roma.

Akrotelestih

subtype Izi ndi kuphatikiza zinthu ndi acrostic telestiha. A mawu chinsinsi kapena mawu, mukhoza osati makalata koyamba kwa aliyense Vesi, komanso a mtsogolo. Nthawi zambiri, woyamba ndi womaliza mawu zofanana, ngakhale pali kuchotserapo. Chitsanzo cha ndakatulo iyi ndi ntchito ya Michael Bashkeeva "Akrotelestih kwa IB."

Mezostih

Mu mawonekedwe a zilembo chidule mu pakati pa Vesi amapanga mawu. ndime iyi si otchuka kwambiri. Popeza nthawi zambiri anthu kugawana ndakatulo mu ndime, pa nzeru yake, ndiyeno kupeza mawu encrypted zovuta.

opendekera acrostic

Nthawi zina mezostih ndi opendekera acrostic anasokoneza powadalitsa ndi chimodzi ndi chomwecho. Pakadali pano, ndi mitundu yosiyanasiyana kwathunthu. Mu mawu opendekera acrostic encrypted diagonally osati vertically. Nthawi zina mtundu amatchedwanso "kukhotakhota", kotero kuti mezostihom cholakwika mzere wolekanitsa, kupeza mawu chinsinsi silidzakhala Lofewa.

Akrokonstruktsiya

Akrokonstruktsiya Chili zinthu zonse za acrostic, telestiha ndi mitundu ina. M'zaka makumi awiri oyambirira akrokonstrutsii Russian mabuku odzipereka sitima Tsvetaevoy ndi Plato analemba Karpovskiy Valentin Zagoryansky. Iye, ngati palibe amene anatha kupirira zovuta ndime mawonekedwe. Ndime zotsatirazi ndi ndakatulo wodzipereka kwa Karpovskiy.

tautogram

Zokhudzana acrostics alinso tautogram. Nthawi zina, iwo anatengedwa kuti acrostics, koma izi wonyenga. Mu ndakatulo zimenezi, mawu onse ayamba ndi kalata yemweyo. Mwachitsanzo, wotchuka ndakatulo-tautogram Briusov.

Lero, osati aliyense amadziwa zimene acrostics (liwu lokha), koma palibe amene angakane ngati kudzipereka ntchito imeneyi. Ngati n'koyenera, munthu kuyitanitsa nokha kapena okondedwa anu dzina lakuti acrostic. Komanso, aliyense amene ngakhale pang'ono amadziwa amafananirako, akhoza kuyesa dzanja lawo pa acrostics kulemba, ichi ndi ndimasewera kwambiri chizolowezi.