Matenda a mbatata ndi ulamuliro wawo. Mbatata: tizirombo ndi matenda

mbatata limakula bwino pafupifupi nyengo iliyonse. Iye amalola nthaka acidic, koma nthawi yokolola kwambiri bwino pambuyo liming. A wambirimbiri chinyontho, ndi kuwala Kwenikweni, mikhalidwe okha mbatata kukula. Ngakhale pansi makhalidwe abwino, chikhalidwe ali pangozi yotenga kachilomboka ndi bowa, mavairasi ndi mabakiteriya. Apa tiona mavuto ofunika kwambiri ndi njira chilengedwe amene angatithandize kupirira osati ndi zitsanzo anapereka, komanso matenda ena ambiri ofanana. Ngakhale kuti linanena bungwe mitundu mbatata kugonjetsedwa choipitsa mochedwa, nematode, kapena nkhanambo, matenda ndi tizilombo toononga komabe apitiriza kuwononga mbewu. Koma kwa mdani aliyense pali chida chake.

Matenda a mbatata ndi ulamuliro wawo

A ambiri adani zosiyanasiyana mbatata kwambiri kumachepetsa mlingo wa zokolola. Zikuphatikizapo bowa ndi tizilombo osati kokha, komanso tizilombo matenda a tubers ndi masamba ndi kulepheretsa kukula bwinobwino. Pachifukwa chimenechi, n'kofunika kuwononga zodzitetezera asanadzalemo ndi pamene kukula, ndi kusunga mbatata wanu. Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga kuwononga yaikulu, choncho ndi bwino kuti aganyali ndalama ndi kuchotsa nokha zinthu zimene kuposa kutaya theka mbewu.

Ntchito ziphe ndi mankhwala kuchepetsa ubwino zakudya mbatata, akhoza kudwala ndi n'koopsa kwa tizilombo opindulitsa, nyama ndi mbalame, komanso anthu. Matenda a mbatata ndi ulamuliro awo amafunika chisamaliro chapadera isanafike kubzala. Tiyeni tione mwatsatanetsatane zonse mtundu wawo mu nkhaniyi. Kwa kuloŵerera kokwanira kwambiri za nkhani m'nkhani pali chithunzi cha matenda mbatata ndi tizirombo amene ali parasitic pa tubers ndi.

wireworms

Wireworms - ndi mphutsi kachilomboka, wireworms. Kameneka ndi imvi tizilombo 12-15 mm. Dzinali anapatsidwa chifukwa akupanga kuwonekera phokoso, akubwerera wake pa yoteroyo wake. wamkazi mmodzi kutchera pakati pa 50 ndi 200 mazira m'chaka, ndi amene amapezeka mu kuwala zloschastnyj wireworms. Mphutsi akhoza kuwononga mbeu lonse, poyamba pa zonse m'pofunika kuteteza ku nsikidzi okha.

polimbana wireworm

Pali njira zitatu zimene zingakuthandizeni kulimbana ndi tiziromboti izi:

1. Kutsukidwa mbatata kuziluka pa ndodo ndipo m'manda mu nthaka ndi pafupifupi 7 masentimita. Ndi bwino kuti angapo mbatata izi kuphimba dera lalikulu. Mphutsi za kafadala pitani kusonkhana pa izo, ndipo patapita masiku anayi adzakhala aliko kale kukumba izo. Kuwononga tizirombo adzakhala ntchito kuwira madzi kapena moto.
2. Pamene chodzala mbatata mu nthaka mafuta mpendadzuwa ndi chipolopolo finely kuuluka kwa mazira. Chotero njira adzapha wireworms asanayambe kwa mbatata. Njira imeneyi idzapereka osati kuchokera wireworm, zina zambiri tizilombo yomanga akuphedwa ngati njira, mwachitsanzo, Mole Cricket.
3. masabata awiri asanadzalemo kukumba mu maso pansi chimanga - za 2-3 zisa pa mita lalikulu. Wireworms amakopeka osati mbatata, mphutsi osangalala ndi azungulila mbewu. Pamene chimanga mphukira, mukhoza kukumba, kulanda mphutsi ndi kuwatentha kapena kuthira madzi otentha.

mochedwa choipitsa

Mochedwa choipitsa (Phytophthora) - si chifukwa cha imfa ya mbewu tomato, komanso matenda ambiri a mbatata, ndi ulamuliro wawo n'kofunika kuti alimi onse, mosaganizira za mbewu. Mbatata mochedwa choipitsa makamaka sichikupindulitsani, kuyambira kwa masabata awiri akhoza kupatsira munda onse. Losses kufika 70% ya mbewu. Mochedwa choipitsa kufalikira kudzera spores mafangasi amene amalola yakuchoka msanga mobisa ndi kupatsira tubers.

Mu masiku oyambirira a kuoneka choipitsa mochedwa amapezeka mu kunachita mdima wa masamba. Komanso kumbali pansi pa pepala chimaoneka choyera ❖ kuyanika. Izi germinating spores wa bowa ndi. Iwo adzagwa pansi, matenda mbatata mizu ndi zipatso a. Patapita pa tubers kuoneka bulauni mawanga.

polimbana choipitsa mochedwa

Koopsa bowa amafuna miyeso lalikulu zovuta. Choncho, muyenera:

• Ntchito mitundu mbatata kugonjetsedwa choipitsa mochedwa.
• Anasankha tubers wathanzi kubzala.
• Pakakhala tubers wothandizila fungicidal.
• Pamene woyamba spud kutero.
• Zomwe mlingo wa phosphorous-potaziyamu feteleza.
• Ikani feteleza munali mkuwa, kapena kupopera ndi njira ya sulphate mkuwa.
• Chotsani nsonga pamaso yokolola.

nematode

"Nematode" matenda si HIV osati tizilombo tosaoneka nyongolotsi, ndi tiziromboti pa mbatata. Chongani tizilombo kupezeka mosavuta, ngati zitsamba kufota, ndi masamba chochepa osasamba kapenanso wotumbululuka mtundu, ndi nematode ndi. Tchire ali wofooka ndi yaing'ono mizu. Mu July, mizu awa adzakhala yaing'ono mipira (ndi theka millimeter) ndi spikes yaing'ono. Izi akazi nematode, ngati iwo apitiriza kukhala, isanduke cysts, amene kusungidwa mu nthaka zaka 15. The chotupa pafupifupi 600 mazira mphutsi.

kulamulira nematodes

Pambuyo kuoneka nematodes ayenera kudikira zaka zosachepera 6 pamaso kufesa malo kachiwiri. Komabe, pali njira zina.

Mbatata oyambirira kapena kusokonekera nematode kalasi mabokosi zakhala zikuzunza m'miyoyo mu mzere umodzi owazidwa nyenyeswa ndi peat anabzala masiku 20. Patapita masiku 50, zokolola Akusonkhanitsa, ndi dera bwinobwino kutsukidwa ku nsonga ya. malo palokha Lifesedwa ndi nyemba kapena chimanga. Izi kuyeretsa dothi mphutsi ndi pafupifupi 70%.

Ngati malo fesa rye, nawonso kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha anthu a tiziromboti lapansi.

Dziwani kuti mbatata nematode amakopeka kwambiri kuposa mbewu.

nkhanambo

Ambiri pambuyo choipitsa mochedwa matenda mbatata - nkhanambo. Iwo chatsitsa ndi quality, malonda tuber wowuma ndi Sachita iwo ndi pafupifupi 30%. zokolola yafupika pafupifupi ndi theka. Pa yosungirako tubers matenda timakhala kwambiri kuvunda.

The causative wothandizila wa apulo nkhanambo ndi bowa - ndi bowa chowala. Mbatata izo likulowerera kudzera lenticels ndi kuwononga makina, kupanga padziko zilonda, amene kuphatikiza pamodzi ndi kupanga Nkhata Bay minofu. Tuber chimaoneka choyera ❖ kuyanika - chowala mycelium wa bowa ndi. Pamene youma, iwo kutha, ndipo thupi ndi pafupifupi sichinasinthe.

Pali mitundu isanu ya zotupa:

• Mosabisa. Zingamvekere khungu la tubers wamng'ono imene rind ikamauma.
• Thumba. Limafotokoza zosiyanasiyana grooves tubers mauna.
• Otukukira kunja. Zikuoneka mu mawonekedwe a matendawa,, amene pambuyo yokutidwa ndi zotupa.
• Nato. zilonda zozama za mosiyanasiyana atazunguliridwa yopuma peel. Chochititsa chidwi pamene mbatata yokolola.
• Otukukira kunja akuya. A kuphatikiza mitundu iwiri ya kuwonongeka. Zophuka ndi zilonda kwambiri ndi misozi khungu.

Nkhanambo tizilombo toyambitsa matenda zasungidwa pansi kwa zaka zingapo. Iwo mulibe zinthu chokhwima nyengo asungidwa ngakhale chilala ndi pa kutentha -30 ° C. Hot ndi youma nyengo maluwa amalimbikitsa matenda yekha.

Gwero la matenda ndi zonse dothi. Tubers kupatsira mnzake sangatero, kotero iwo akhoza kusungidwa ndi limodzi.

Kulimbana nkhanambo

Nkhanambo zovuta kusunga mwachindunji, choncho n'zosatheka kupulumutsa mbatata ndi kachilombo. Matenda ndi tizilombo toononga a mitundu ina ngakhale "anachenjeza" za maonekedwe awo, koma ndi zabwino zonse kuthana pasadakhale mothandizidwa ndi njira zotsatirazi:

• Mbewu kasinthasintha.
• Kulima malo mbewu manyowa wobiriwira.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito zipatso thanzi kwa kufesa.
• The ntchito feteleza acid.
• Mosamala kukonzekera.
• Kugwiritsa ntchito mitundu kugonjetsedwa.
• Wokhazikika kutsirira pa nyengo kukula.

Alternaria

Matendawa kufalikira ponseponse, pamene mbatata mwakula. Matenda ndi mankhwala Solanaceae zomera kwambiri kuphunzira m'madera kum'mwera, monga kum'mwera kwa zinthu abwino kwa kukula ndi kufalikira kwa bowa, amene anasamutsidwa kuti alternaria.

Malinga ndi nthawi ya matenda kuonekera m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Infection lidzayamba pambuyo mvula kapena mame lolemera. spores kugwa mwa ming'alu, kuwononga makina kapena matendawa, zachilengedwe. Acid akuyamba kupatukana amene mapulaniwo zowola ndi kufa. Pa otsika kutentha chitukuko pang'ono, koma matenda otentha nyengo oopsa okhudza mbewu. Makulitsidwe amatenga sabata.

Zizindikiro zoyambirira akalipo pa zomera ang'ono mpaka 20 cm. Kenako masamba kuoneka woderapo mawanga. Mu zinthu zabwino chitukuko Tingaone pa tsiku lachitatu. Patapita kanthawi, pali utsi-imvi conidia. Kuonongeka ziwalo za zomera ndi osalimba ndi zofewa.

Tubers kuoneka embossed mawanga mdima kuvunda, nthawi zina makwinya. Pomaliza pake, tubers kuyamba kuvunda zasyhaya kwathunthu ndi blackening.

polimbana Alternaria

M'madera kum'mwera kwa matenda mbatata ndi ulamuliro awo amafunika chisamaliro chapadera. Pali njira zitatu kuteteza mbewu:

1. Agronomy. Ntchito kokha wathanzi kubzala chuma, kugonjetsedwa ndi matenda, kasinthasintha mbewu, kusunga ndi kusaiwala kuti mitundu oyambirira mbatata ambiri atengeke matenda. Mbewu zofunika konzekera woyamba masabata awiri pa kutentha kwa 20 ° C. Pa yosungirako, onetsetsani kuti sanali tubers kachilombo. Alternaria akhoza kuchoka zipatso wina ndi mzake. Chotsani nsonga m'nthawi yake, ndi bwino kucheza desiccation ntchito zipangizo zapadera.
2. Biology. Utsi wa tubers asanadzalemo mankhwala "yofunika", "Bactofit" kapena "Planriz".
3. Mankhwala. Kukonzekera "Ife Ridomil Gold", "EDC" ndi "Bravo" adzakhala kuthetsa inu wa bowa onse alipo, kuwamana iwo za chilengedwe omasuka. Mukhozanso utsi mbatata ndi njira ya fungicide "limakhulupirira" pamaso ndegeyo.

Matenda a mbatata ndi m'manja mwawo, komanso tizirombo tina, nthawi zonse amafunika chisamaliro chapadera. Zokolola zimadalira m'mene bwino zofunika zonse zimapezeka. Nkhaniyi si m'kuwonerera pake ndi matenda chithunzi mbatata, chifukwa mdani ayenera kudziwa munthu.