Mbatata matenda: kodi mantha?

Mbatata tubers angakhudzidwe ndi matenda osiyanasiyana amene amayamba chifukwa bowa, mavairasi, mabakiteriya. Matenda a mtundu umenewu amachepetsa kwambiri kukula mbatata, kuchepetsa zokolola kusintha khalidwe la chipatso. Choncho matenda a mbatata ndi maganizo awo ayenera kudziwa aliyense amene akufuna kukula ndi kupeza kukolola.

Matenda a tubers mbatata, amene amachititsa kwambiri nkhawa kuti wamaluwa ndi chilongosoko kuwononga katundu krneplodam - ndi mochedwa choipitsa, blackleg ndi zimenezi, mphete zowola ndi matenda osiyanasiyana HIV. Muyenera kukhala bwino pathologies zimenezi mwatsatanetsatane.

Choncho, mochedwa choipitsa (Phytophthora kapena), amene amayamba ndi kukhudzana ndi bowa ndi - ndi matenda amene amapezeka mu mochedwa July - oyambirira August ndipo anawonetseredwa mu mawonekedwe a maonekedwe a bulauni mawanga pa masamba ndi zimayambira. Pamene kuchuluka chinyezi mpweya kapena madontho mame, zingerengere yamawangamawanga yokutidwa ndi woyera anamva ❖ kuyanika. Tuber anapanga grayish specks maganizo zimene zimachititsa chakuti tubers kuvunda kwathunthu. matenda opatsirana kudzera madzi a mvula pamene poyamba matenda masamba, ndiyeno tuber. Zizindikiro zoyambirira za matenda a mbatata nthawi yomweyo, koma masiku pokhapokha 14-21 pambuyo matenda.

Ngati kuwonda zimawonedwa, pamaso amafukula mbatata, m'pofunika utsi nsonga za sulphate mkuwa (10g malita 5 madzi). Kumbukirani kuti anakantha mbatata sangakhoze kenako ntchito ngati mbewu ndi chodzala nthaka akhoza reused patapita zaka zingapo. Tsoka zina mbatata zimadalira yosungirako zolondola. Motero, kukula kwa matenda pa kusungiramo mbatata (Phytophthora) angagwe ngati kutentha yosungirako ndi pafupifupi 19 madigiri. Zinthu zabwino kwambiri kuteteza tuber - kutentha saposa madigiri 3, ndi chinyezi - sapambana 80%.

Kenako wamba matenda - blackleg matenda yomwe ikuchitika ndi bakiteriya. Infection ndi okhwima tuber ndipo anawonetseredwa mu masamba chikasu, mizu akufa ndi kuwala mbatata Chikoka kunja. Ngati mmera akadali kachilombo pa siteji oyambirira kusasitsa, izo ziribe tubers. Kunja njira ya matenda alibe kuonekera. Pakati pa niivunda mbatata, ndiye uphwetsa.

Mphete zowola ukukamba matenda bakiteriya mbatata. Umayamba kuonekera patatha maluwa, pamene pali yogwira wilting masamba. Ndiye zimayambira kufota. Pamene mbatata ndi anamuona pa yachigawo adalira kuda kuvunda pa mphete mtima mitolo. Infection ndi matenda zambiri kumachitika chifukwa cha kuwonongeka makina anachititsa pa msonkhano wa mbewu. Kenako, pamene tubers matenda zagonjetsedwa kwa ndegeyo, matenda imafalikira mwinamwake wathanzi.

Kupewa matenda osiyanasiyana patsogolo kuti anaikidwa yosungirako malo tubers ayenera bwinobwino uma ndi mtundu.

Mmodzi wa matenda owopsa a mbatata ndi khansa kuti awasungira m'nthaka kwa zaka makumi awiri pambuyo matenda. Nthumwi causative ndilo bowa kuti ndi choopsa kwambiri pa chiwembu. Cancer Zizindikiro: bulauni zophuka pa tuber, amene upambana kukula kwa mbatata. vuto ndi tuber zowola, matenda infects nthaka, ndipo mwachindunji ma CD tubers otsala. The kukonzekereratu chachikulu - kudziwika foci matenda posachedwapa ndi kubzala mbatata mitundu kugonjetsedwa ndi khansa. Ngati chikhalidwe bwino taphunzira, matenda si monga wamba.

Onse matenda mbatata, zazikulu kwambiri zimene tafotokozazi, chagwiritsidwa zoipa mbewu ndi kutsogolera pa imfa ya tubers. Ntchito nyakulima wa - yake kudziwika cholinga matenda ndi kuchititsa zodzitetezera.