"Kodi chitsulo chimakhala bwanji": mwachidule. "Mmene Zida Zinakopera" ndi Ostrovsky

Mu 1934, Ostrovsky anamaliza kulembera kalata yake, yomwe inam'pangitsa mbiri yake. Tiyeni tione mwachidule nkhani yake. "Kodi chitsulo chinali chotani" - buku la autobiographical, logawidwa mu magawo awiri. Mmodzi wa iwo ali ndi mitu 9, yomwe imasonyeza ubwana, unyamata, kukula ndi matenda. Tidzafotokoza zochitika zazikulu zomwe zimapanga chidule.

"Kodi chitsulo chimakhala bwanji": chiyambi cha zochitika za bukuli

Pavel Korchagin, mwana wamphika, chifukwa cha ntchito yosayenera (mwanayo anatsanulira mu mtanda wa wansembe mahry) amachotsedwa sukulu, chifukwa chake amalowa "anthu." Mnyamatayo anayang'ana mu kuya kwa moyo, anali pansi pake. Pamene nkhani yakuti tsar inagonjetsedwa, inasanduka mphepo yamkuntho m'tauni yake yaying'ono, Pavel analibe nthawi yoti aganizire za kuphunzira. Iye anayamba kugwira ntchito mwakhama. Mnyamatayo, mosasamala kanthu ndi lamulo la mabwana a anthu opanda dzina, akudumpha mwadzidzidzi, amabisa zida popanda kuganiza. Pamene gulu la zigawenga la Petliurists likusefukira m'chigawochi, akuwona Ayuda ambirimbiri omwe amatha kupha anthu mwankhanza.

Kukambirana ndi Juhrah

Kukhumudwa ndi kukwiya zimakumbatira daredevil wamng'ono uyu kuchokera m'buku lakuti How the Steel Has Tempered. Mnyamatayo sakanatha kuthandiza Zhuhra, woyendetsa sitimayo yemwe anali bwenzi la mchimwene wake Artem, yemwe ankatumikira ku demo. Kaŵirikaŵiri woyendetsa sitima analankhula mwachifundo ndi Pavel. Anamuuza kuti mnyamatayu ali ndi deta yonse kuti akhale womenyera bwino ntchito ya antchito, koma akadakali wamng'ono kwambiri, choncho ali ndi maganizo ofooka pa vutoli. Zhuhrai amamuuza kuti moto wayamba padziko lonse lapansi. Akapolowo anapanduka ndipo ayenera kulola moyo wakale kupita pansi. Komabe, tikusowa mbale wolimba mtima, mtundu wolimba wa anthu, osati ana aamayi.

Salvage Zhukhray, Korchagin kubisala kuchokera ku Tony

Zochitika zotsatirazi zikupitirirabe mwachidule. "Kodi chitsulo chinali chotani?" - buku limene munthu wamkulu kwambiri dzina lake Pavka Korchagin, wamtendere ndi wamphamvu, yemwe amadziwa momwe angamenyane, amapulumutsa Zhuhrai kuchokera ku convoy. Chifukwa cha ichi, a Petlyuraite amamugwira pomutsutsa. Pavka amaopa mwamuna yemwe amateteza zinthu zake, sakudziwa, chifukwa analibe kanthu. Komabe, adagwidwa ndi mantha "wamba", makamaka pamene mnyamatayo anamva kuchokera kwa alonda kuti watsala pang'ono kuwomberedwa. Pavka anachita mantha. Komabe, amatha kuthawa, ndipo mnyamatayo amabisala Tony - mtsikana wodziwika, momwe amamukonda. Mwamwayi, Tonya wochokera ku "gulu lolemera", wanzeru, mwana wamkazi wa forester.

Ubale ndi Tonya

Paulo kuchokera mu buku lakuti "Momwe Chinsulo Chinakhalira", atapereka ubatizo woyamba wa moto mu Nkhondo Yachibadwidwe, akubwerera ku mzinda. Gulu la Komsomol linalengedwa apa. Paulo akukhala membala wokhudzidwa. Kuyesera kwake kubweretsa Tonya ku bungwe ili kumalephera. Msungwanayo ali wokonzeka kumvera Pavel, koma osati mu chirichonse. Amayandikira kwambiri pamsonkhano woyamba wa Komsomol, ndipo khalidwe lalikulu ndi lovuta kumuyang'anitsitsa pakati pa mafilimu osokonezeka ndi masewera olimbitsa thupi. Pavel samasokonezeka ndi ubwino wotsika mtengo wa mtsikana uyu. Kufunika kwa kupuma kumakhala koonekera kwa onse awiri.

Gwiritsani ntchito Cheka

Kusagwirizana kwa protagonist kumamufikitsa ku Cheka. Iye akupita ku chigawo cha Zhuhrai. Koma ntchito ya Chekist ikuwononga kwambiri mitsempha ya protagonist. Nthawi zambiri amavutika, kuwonjezereka kwakukulu, ndipo Pavel amapita kufupi ndi mzinda wake ku Kiev, komwe amatha ku Dipatimenti yapadera, yomwe imatsogoleredwa ndi Segal.

Chikondi chatsopano cha Paulo

Timatembenuza ku zochitika za gawo lachiwiri la buku lomwe Ostrovsky adalenga. "Kodi chitsulo chimakhala bwanji" chikupitirira ndi kufotokoza kwa ulendo wa khalidwe lalikulu ndi Rita Ustinovich ku msonkhano wa gubernia. Korchagin amusankhe mtsikana uyu kwa alonda ndi othandizira. Ponyani jekete lachikopa kuchokera ku Rita, Pavel akulowetsa m'galimoto, kenako amakokera mtsikana kudzera pawindo. Rita anali wosasunthika kwa iye. Uyu ndi mphunzitsi wake wa ndale, bwenzi lake ndi mzanga, komabe, akadali mkazi. Paulo anayamba kuzimva pa mlatho, choncho iye amasangalala ndi kumukumbatira. Pavel Korchagin, osakhoza kupirira maganizo ake, amakana kukumana ndi mtsikana amene amamuphunzitsa chiphunzitso cha ndale.

Ntchito yomanga njanji yaing'ono kwambiri, matenda

M'maganizo a mnyamatayo malingaliro aumwini akuchotsedwanso pamene akugwira ntchito yomanga njanji yaing'ono. Nthawi yovuta ndi yozizira. A Komsomols amagwira ntchito zinayi. Alibe nthawi yopumula. Bandit ikuwombera kuchepetsa ntchito. Palibe chodyetsa mamembala a Komsomol, palinso kusowa nsapato ndi zovala.

Matenda aakulu amathera ntchito kwa Paulo. Amamenyana ndi typhus. Ustinovich ndi Zhuhrai, abwenzi ake apamtima, amaganiza kuti adamwalira wopanda chidziwitso chokhudza Paulo.

Paulo akubwerera ku utumiki

Msilikali wamkulu, amene adalenga Ostrovsky ("Momwe chitsulo chidakalirira"), kuchiritsidwa ku matenda, amadzipezanso. Anabwerera monga wogwira ntchito kumisonkhano, kumene anagwira ntchito mwakhama ndikukonza zinthu, akukakamiza abwana kuti asangalale ndi kuyeretsa shopu la mamembala a Komsomol. Ku Ukraine konse, monga tawuni, gululi likulimbanabe. Adani a revolution akugwidwa ndi a Chekists, iwo amaletsa kugonjetsedwa kwa achifwamba. Korchagin amachita ntchito zambiri zabwino, amateteza abwenzi ake pamisonkhano ya maselo, ndi abwenzi apamtima ndi phwando mumisewu yamdima.

Ntchito yolengeza

Pavka, kudzipha yekha ndi kupha imfa zambiri, adaphunzira kuyamikira tsiku lililonse. Protagonist inatenga malamulo ovomerezeka ndi malamulo a phwando monga machitidwe ake enieni. Monga propagandist, amachitapo kanthu pogonjetsa otsutsa antchito, kutchula khalidwe la mbale wake "wamng'ono-bourgeois." Amayambanso kutsutsana ndi a Trotskyite, omwe adafuna kutsutsa chipani cholamulira. Iwo sakufuna kumumvetsera, koma Lenin adanena kuti tiyenera kuyendetsa anthu achinyamata.

Kukumana ndi Rita Ustinovich

Pambuyo imfa ya mtsogoleri uyu, antchito zikwizikwi ku Shepetivka anakhala Mabolsheviks. Kupititsa patsogolo kwa Pavel kunapangitsa kuti anthu a chipani azilemekezeka kwambiri, zomwe ziyenera kutchulidwa mosalephera, polemba mwachidule.

"Momwe Steelli Inakhalira" ndi Ostrovsky ndi ntchito yomwe imanena za msonkhano wa munthu wamkuluyo ndi wokondedwa wake patapita zaka zingapo. Atakhala pafupi ndi Rita Ustinovich, membala wa Komiti Yaikulu, ku Bolshoi Theatre. Mtsikanayo adadabwa kuti Paulo adali wamoyo. Akuti amamukonda. Komabe, Rita ali ndi bwenzi komanso mwana wamkazi.

Matenda a Paulo

Mwini wamkulu ali wodwala, ndipo akuyang'anitsitsa mosamala ku chipatala cha Komiti Yaikulu. Koma matenda aakulu omwe amachititsa kuti asayambe kuyenda. Protagonist silingathe kupulumutsa zipatala ndi sanatoria iliyonse. Korchagin, wofuna "kukhalabe m'gulu," akuyamba kulemba.

Pofotokoza kufotokoza kwa mitu ("Kodi zitsulo zinali zotani"), ziyenera kudziwika kuti amayi okoma mtima akadwala ali pafupi ndi khalidwe lalikulu: Dora Rodkin, Taya Kyutsam. Paulo akuganiza ngati anakhala ndi moyo kwa zaka 24. Monga woweruza wopanda tsankho, protagonist adayesa moyo wake. Anaganiza mosangalala kuti sanakhale ndi moyo woipa kwambiri.

Izi zimathetsa chidule. "Kodi chitsulo chimakhala chotani" - mankhwalawa ndi opambana, ndipo zonse za chiwembucho mu nkhani imodzi sizikuphimba. Pachiyambi cha bukuli mudzapeza mfundo zambiri zochititsa chidwi zomwe zikuwulula maganizo a aluntha ndi lingaliro la filosofi la Ostrovsky.

Tsopano inu mukudziwa chomwe "Chitsulo chinali chotani". Wolemba uja anamwalira patatha zaka ziwiri ntchitoyi itatha, mu 1936, kuchokera ku matenda aakulu. Bukuli, monga taonera kale, ndilo lokha.