Derbent khoma Derbent: kufotokoza ndi zithunzi

Pakati pa zinthu zochititsa chidwi mumzinda wa Derbent Russia waima lodalirika kum'maŵa kukoma, mphamvu mkati ndi mbiri Mipikisano Zakachikwi. Maonekedwe a "ngale" wa Dagestan amakhala ndi odzitukumula nyumba kumbuyo, wachokera ku siteji kuti pamene iye anali wamphamvu linga, lockable ndimeyi pamodzi Caspian gombe. makilomita ambiri Derbent awiri khoma zokhalamo linga Naryn-Kala, oletsedwa njira amamuchititsa wolemera kum'mwera "akunjawo" wa kumpoto.

Kuchokera pamwamba pa mapiri

Kuchokera pamwamba pa lokwera la Dzhalganskogo Derbent zikuwoneka yopapatiza woyera gulu anatambasula pakati pa nyanja buluu ndipo khoma wobiriwira wa Crest a mapiri. Kuyambira m'nyanja lonse ndithu Mzere wa nyumba ndi minda mzinda, pang'onopang'ono kukwera m'phirimo, ali wothinikizidwa mu chimango bwino makoma kufanana ndi abuts chitunda otsetsereka a mmodzi wa chimathandiza ya mapiri Dzhalganskogo.

Pano, pa phompho pafupi pakamwa inaonongeka ku phiri la m'zigwembe zakuya, ataliatali makoma imvi ya citadel, umene ukulamulira padenga ndi zopezera kunjira zokhotakhota ili pansi pa mzinda wakale. Makamaka izo zikuwoneka majestically pamwamba pa khoma Derbent Derbent zithunzi izi zimakhudza mmene kumanga mapulani a masiku amakedzana.

World cholowa

Polimbikitsa kuno zaka fifitini handiredi zapitazo, Sasanian Iran, kenako ndi Arab Caliphate osati kupirira alimbane wa gulu mphamvu ya steppe wongosamukasamuka, koma kufalitsa mphamvu zawo ndi chikoka pa lonse kum'mawa Caucasus. N'zosadabwitsa Derbent khoma - awiri khoma Sassanid nyengo - anapulumuka ambiri nkhondo, pang'ono anapulumutsidwa.

kafukufuku m'mabwinja limasonyeza kuti ngati yofunika njira malo okhazikika kuthetsa analipo zaka 6000 zapitazo. Zimenezi zimathandiza Derbent imatengedwa mzinda wamkulu mu Russia ndi mmodzi wa yakale kwambiri mu dziko. M'chaka cha 2003 chinali chosaiwalika cha mzinda: UNESCO akatswiri anazindikira citadel ndi World Heritage Site monga mmodzi wa zipilala bwino osungidwa kwa mpanda mamangidwe a Aperisiya wakale.

malo

Ancient Derbent onse aikidwa pakati pa makoma awiri yaitali mu kufanana ndi pafupi wina ndi mnzake, kudutsa ndimeyi pakati pa nyanja ndi mapiri. Limodzi, Alevi malinga kudziteteza Derbent, kumpoto, anapulumuka pafupifupi m'litali lonse, ndipo komabe umapanga malire a kumpoto kwa mzinda.

South Derbent khoma, kufanana kwa woyamba, lili okha pamodzi kumtunda kapena kumadzulo kwa mzinda ndi madera aang'onoang'ono kwina. chiwonongeko anayamba atalandidwa Russian, pamene mmunsi mwa mzinda kukula kwa mtundu European, osati kuwavomereza malire wakale, anayamba kukuza kum'mwera. Ndi bwino anasunga citadel, si anamanga nyumba ano.

gawo zikawonongeka

apaulendo ena akale kwambiri mitima mbali mwa makoma, n'kusiya Caspian Nyanja ndi kutha pansi pa nyanja. Wolemba mbiri Lev Gumilyov oyamba anachita kafukufuku wa zodabwitsazi ndipo anapeza kuti chifukwa kuti kusinthasintha kwambiri pa nyanja. Kale, Derbent Derbent khoma kutetezedwa ku doko dziko, tsopano anasefukira.

Lero, makoma, ndi okamba m'nyanja, kusiya kokha mwala lokwera, kufufuza pa nyanja. Oyalidwa midadada yosema kuoneka bwino bwino pansi pa madzi pa pamwamba pa nyanja bata.

mafotokozedwe

Dzina la kumbuyo zovuta za Naryn-Kala (Derbent citadel ndi mpanda) amatanthauza "chipata chopapatiza". Inde, apa ndi Caucasus Mountains mwapafupi kwambiri akuyandikira ya Caspian, n'kupanga chopapatiza 'khosi "umaloŵa kuti zosavuta kulamulira. M'litali yomanga za 1,300 mamita mu mzinda. Mbali lamapiri la linga, monga Wamkulu akutambasula mwakuya mu Caucasus mu 42 Km.

The makulidwe a malinga kupulumuka kwa Derbent zifika 4 m, ndi m'madera ena kufika msinkhu wa 18-20 m. M'madera ena a mpanda anakhalabe scalloped kampanda. Kwa m'litali khoma ankasiyana kwambiri kapena kamodzikamodzi ili nsanja zolosera amakona anayi kapena mawonekedwe theka-zozungulira, ndi zina, monga citadel Nthawi ya zomangamanga olimba. Malo ofunika kwambiri tcheru zokhudza zolosera nsanja kuwonjezera kufunika forts lapansi. Mkati mwa makoma anali kusesa masitepe, amene anaukitsa kaboma kubweza adani.

North chipata

Kwambiri kukongoletsa mbali ya nyumba Derbent ndi zipata. Malinga ndi olemba Arab mu Derbent wakale kumpoto, Khazars, kwambiri pangozi m'njira usilikali, khoma anali zipata zitatu zokha. Iwo anapulumuka masiku ano. Mmodzi wa iwo - ndi pachipata, wapafupi citadel lapansi. msewu umawatsogolera mu gorge kwambiri, envelopu wa linga kuchokera kumpoto chakumadzulo. Iwo amatchedwa Dzharchi-zisoti - Mtumiki chipata.

chidwi kwambiri kukongoletsa kapangidwe Kyrhlyarskie chipata chake - Kyrhlyar-zipewa, anaitanira pa iwo lili manda wakale, malinga ndi nthano kutchula manda a Asilamu woyamba m'mayiko amenewa. Pa mbali zonse za chipata-chikhato kunja likulu kuteteza ziboliboli ziwiri za mikango fano. Chipata lachitatu, Shurinskie zikuoneka ankatembenukira kwa nthawi ina. Ndipotu, khoma wakumpoto wa Derbent ndi malire pakati pa woyendayendawu pamene kumpoto ndi kum'mwera ulimi.

South chipata

Mpanda kum'mwera moyang'ana maiko Muslim, monga olemba Arab, panali zipata ambiri. Ngakhale utali ka gawo zisungidwe pa khoma, pali anapulumuka zipata anayi. Wina pamwamba kwambiri citadel wa - Cala zisoti - tsopano inawonongedwa, ena - Bayat-capacitor ili pafupi ndi chitunda kuti citadel wa - ngakhale lazunguliridwa ndi nsanja wakale wozungulira, koma kwambiri adzamangidwenso.

Chidwi kwambiri ndi chipata chachitatu cha kum'mwera khoma - Horta-zisoti kuti ali pakati pa nsanja quadrangular ndi ongokhala utali awiri motsatizana. Woyamba kunja ndimeyi lakonzedwa ngati atatu arches Lancet, ankasiyana zipilala ziwiri zozungulira ndi mitu quadrangular stalactites otsika chokongoletsedwa. Apa Derbent mbali khoma ali chokongoletsedwa ndi arches kakang'ono kamene aikidwa stalactites - kukongoletsa arcature anakonza mizere itatu kansalu movutikira.

Ndime yachiwiri ndi zosiyana mtundu, amakona anayi, overlapped yopingasa lathyathyathya Chipilala, kupumula pa ledges profiled. Pamwamba m'chipinda chotetezeka ichi pali mkulu Arc razgruznaya Chipilala ndi lunette akhungu. Pamwamba aikidwa chotuluka ku chosema mpanda wa mkango ubwenzi kuchokera kutsogolo mu bulaketi wapadera ndi kukhazikitsidwa (komanso ziboliboli Kyrhlyarskih chipata) ndi zowombetsa mkota kwambiri ndi zojambula.

Kuyambira wachinayi chipata kum'mwera steppe, ankakhala mu mzinda ndipo amatchedwa Doubar-zipewa, anapulumuka awiri pylons chachikulu ndi zizindikiro slung arches pakati pawo. Komanso, pali zipata ziwiri pa citadel kuti: kum'mawa Nsanja amakona anayi ndi kusenza kuda limasinthira ambiri, ndi Western, lazunguliridwa ndi nsanja ziwiri.

zokopa zina

Derbent khoma ndipo citadel - si wakale mzinda yekha. Pa malo pali bwinja la nyumba zambiri zolinga zosiyanasiyana. A chidwi ndi izi:

• Ili apa thanki Galeta osemedwa m'mwala ndi overlapped ndi mzikiti ndi anayi arches girth Lancet.
• mabwinja chidwi mwa mabafa, kumene pamaso 1936 linali lathunthu mmodzi wa domes a mtundu mofanana akasinja pamwambapa taonera.
• Pa Kusagwirizana yaitali Derbent kufalitsa manda ambiri ndi nkhalango ya mwala gravestones zipilala.

mumzindawu angapo akale nyumba, mizikiti, akasupe mchere, minarets. The chidwi kwambiri ndi odzitukumula panoyi mzikiti, ndi mzikiti wobiriwira kuti limatuluka pamwamba padenga la kumtunda kwa Derbent zamakono ndi akorona amphamvu kukula pa bwalo mzikiti wa mitengo ndege zana zakubadwa.