Afghanistan nkhondo. Afghanstan nkhondo (1979-1989)

The yabwino Hrs malo ndi backwardness mu chitukuko cha Afghanistan nthawi zonse yekha anathandiza chakuti m'mayiko ena amanena kuti katundu m'zigawozo boma. Afghanistan mobwerezabwereza zagonjetsedwa kwa nkhondo la asilikali mdani, pakhala nkhondo zambiri. Koma alipo mu dziko lino, chochitika sinachitikepo pamene boma ali payekha kuti amuthandize ku Soviet Union kuthetsa zipolowe zinachitika mu Republic of Afghanistan. Nkhondo, amene pali kusiyana maganizo anayamba. Asilikali Soviet anathandiza yekha kuti apange nkhondo ndi anthu wamba, ndi kutsutsa anakhudzidwa dziko lonse.

prerequisites

Chimodzi mwa zifukwa zazikulu cha nkhondo ya asilikali a Soviet ku Afghanistan, monga ankati ndi akuluakulu a USSR, anali kufuna kuthandiza mbali mfundo zokomera kuti simupindula ali wamphamvu wa boma pambuyo April zisinthe, koma kenako anakumana kukana kwambiri ndi kuwatsutsa. Za nkhondo Afghanistan akuti ndalama yaikulu ntchito, koma ambiri a iwo akutsutsana.

Komabe, akatswiri ambiri amavomereza kuti Union onse Soviet anaganiza kuchita nawo nkhondo asilikali, chifukwa anafuna n'chongoletsa achikhazikitso chisilamu omwe apeza mphamvu m'dera pambuyo utasintha la Iran mu 1979.

mayiko maziko

Zikamera nkhondo ndi chinathandiza mtima maganizo a USSR. Afghanistan, nkhondo imene kuti anathyola ndi wopanda nkhondo Soviet, ungamuphe zimamupweteka kwambiri udindo dera, anapereka kutsogolera kwa chiwonongeko cha boma ovomereza-Soviet. Komanso, kufalikira kwa maziko, koma destabilization ya mavuto azandale, akanakhoza kwambiri bwanji Asia Central. Malinga ndi mfundo Soviet Union, kutenga mbali mu nkhondo, boma motsogozedwa ndi "internationalism proletarian." Politburo komanso zifukwa zodzikhululukira kumayiko ena, ananena kuti nkhondo ndi chifukwa apilo mobwerezabwereza boma Afghanstan thandizo polimbana ndi magulu odana ndi boma.

Pamene nkhondo inkayamba?

Zambiri zanenedwa za Afghanistan, koma ndi ovuta kuwamvetsa zoona nanga wabodza, chifukwa kanthu asilikali anayamba mchikakamizo cha zinthu osachepera angapo. The kukumana kwa 1979-1989 - chimodzi chabe mwa magawo ya nkhondo yapachiweniweni ku Afghanistan, imene gawo la asilikali pano Soviet amene ankafuna mtendere. Kumbali ina anali magulu a Democratic Republic of Afghanistan, pa zina - mamembala zida za chitsutso, kudziwika monga mujahideen, kapena spooks. Lopambana adzalandire ulamuliro wonse pa dziko lonse.

Limited chimadalira 40 Army

Dzina wamba mayunitsi onse a asilikali Soviet kukhala pa dera la Afghanistan - ndi chimadalira zochepa, amene waukulu mphamvu anali 40 Army. Last msilikali-General, anatsogolera achire wa asilikali, ananena kuti n'zosatheka kunena, chigonjetso Soviet nkhondoyo kapena M'malo mwake, anataya. Ndithudi tikhoza kunena kuti asilikali athane ndi ntchito patsogolo pawo ndi anakhoza kubwerera kunyumba. mavuto ambiri anakumanapo ndi mgwirizano wa 40 Army. Mu malo oyamba, asilikali a Soviet ku Afghanistan ayenera kuthandiza boma la dzikolo ziziyenda zinthu ndipo amathandiza kuti mathero nkhondo. Ichi chidachitika makamaka kudzera amalamulira mphamvu chitsutso zida. Komanso, asilikali a Soviet pa dera la State anali kuteteza mokwiya ya mayiko ena. Malinga msilikaliyo, 40 Army kwathunthu kupirira ntchito izi.

zotsatira nkhondo

Ndipotu, asilikali a Soviet anali kucheza ndi Afghanistan February 15, mkulu wa Najibullah boma kuti kutsatira mfundo poyera ovomereza-Soviet unagonjetsedwa patapita zaka zitatu, ndipo iye anagwa kokha pamene Russia idaleka kuti akathandize, kuti ali mu 1992. Kuthandiza pa gulu anatenga mmunda Mujahideen. Pa nthawi ya nkhondoyo, kuwonongeka amayambidwa osati Republic of Afghanistan. Nkhondo zachititsa kuti kuphatikiza kwa maudindo a ankafuna kusintha zinthu mopitirira Chisilamu ndi chilengedwe cha gulu zigawenga Al-Qaeda. Iwo adakali ndi initiators nkhondo padziko lonse, makamaka Chechnya, Algeria ndi Egypt.

Amene anapita ku nkhondo Afghanistan?

Nkhondo ndi nthawi akufunika asilikali, kaya yaing'ono kapena zikuluzikulu zochita chitsutso pa malire a maiko angapo. Anthu Soviet munakhala maganizo mu Afghanistan anatumiza ngolo anyamata khumi, amene sakanachitira mwina koma kukhala zakudya za akasinja. Komabe, zimenezi si zoona. Mbali yaikulu ya asilikali zimatumizidwa Afghanistan mwaufulu, ena ananyengedwa ndi mabodza Soviet, ena kupeza sukulu chenicheni cha moyo, ena pofuna kuteteza dziko lawo. Panali, ndithudi, ndi amene kunapezeka kuti gulu nkhondo yachilendo motsutsana ndi chifuniro chake, ndi dongosolo la boma, ndipo panali anthu ambiri. Zimenezi n'zosadabwitsa, chifukwa asilikali zimatumizidwa nkhondo, umene makamaka sanali pa ubwenzi wapadera. ankhondo maganizo anapita ku kuteteza kwawo nkhondo m'tsogolo m'dziko lawo. Kwa nzika zina za USSR zinali zosatheka, ndipo izo zinkawoneka kuti umenewu ndi wina chinyengo ankhanza agitators. Komabe, mbali ina ya alonda ndi asilikali zimatumizidwa nkhondo chopempha chake; ena a n'kukhutira ndi ulemerero, ena ndalama ndipo ena - basi fufuzani nokha.

Kwambiri chitsimikiziro cha zonsezi pamwambapa n'chakuti mu chaka cha 1988, anthu ochuluka a asilikali Afghanistan watha ntchito, ndipo iwo amakhoza kupita kunyumba, iwo sanatero. Anyankhondo okha kukakhala kwa miyezi yochepa kwambiri atsopano amene alibe zinachitikira zogwirizana komabe, isanaphedwe.

zomvetsa wa USSR

Osati popanda anaphedwa ku Afghanistan dziko. Nkhondo ya 1979 unapha anthu ambiri a asilikali Soviet. Komabe, ngati imfa pachaka Soviet Union mu 1537 anafika munthu wamba, mdani zowawa zambiri. Malinga ndi magwero osiyanasiyana, anaphedwa pa msonkhano wonse kwa anthu 1 miliyoni kuti 1.2 miliyoni. Kumene, chimodzi ndi theka ambirimbiri - nambala yaikulu, koma musaiwale kuti asilikali a Soviet anali kupulumuka m'dera lachilendo mu nyengo zachilendo. Yerekezerani: mwachitsanzo, mu Iraq, kupha asilikali 3677, kuganizira kuti ntchito chida kumbali ya United States.

zotsatira

A zambiri asilikali Soviet, nthawi zambiri akadali aang'ono kwambiri, anatumizidwa Afghanistan. Nkhondo mu afuna iwo, ndipo sanafune kukhumudwitsa kapena boma kapena nzika. Anthu olimba mtima amene anali kufotokoza kwawo, kuteteza okondedwa awo. Iran, Afghanistan, Chechnya ... nkhondo The sanali pochitika popanda kukhetsa magazi, koma asilikali Soviet anakhoza kuchita zonse zimene Mulungu ankafuna, pakutayika mlingo wa moyo. Ilo linali lingaliro la USSR chiri cholondola kapena ayi, tsopano si ofunika kwambiri mochedwa woweruza. Akufa sadzabweranso, koma miyoyo ya ngwazi izi zathandiza kulimbikitsa mtendere mu dziko lathu. Ndipotu, izi ndi ndendende zimene iwo anafuna.