Kodi Regiment apakavalo? Mbiri ya apakavalo Russian

Zinali otsiriza mitundu chachikulu mphamvu kudutsa asilikali phazi ngati mpeni kudzera batala. Aliyense Regiment apakavalo anatha kuukira kakhumi amphamvu a mdani wapansi, popeza ali maneuverability, sayenda ndiponso luso misampha mofulumira ndi wamphamvu. The apakavalo si zakutha kulimbana mobisika ndi ena onse a asilikali, zikhoza maulendo ataliatali mu nthawi yaifupi kwambiri, kuwonekera mu kumbuyo ndi pa flanks la mdani. Apakavalo akhoza yomweyo kutembenuka tipezenso mphamvu zoopseza, kusintha mtundu umodzi kuchita china, ndiko kuti, anthu anali zakutha kulimbana ndi wapansi, ndi pa mahatchi. Vutolo kuthetsedwa mu zonse zosiyanasiyana nkhondowo vuto - ndi mwatsatanetsatane, ndi ntchito ndi njira.

Gawo apakavalo

Monga mmene oyenda Russian, apo analipo magulu atatu. Kuwala apakavalo (hussars ndi lancers, ndipo mu 1867 linagwirizana ndi Cossacks) kuti linapangidwa kuti reconnaissance ndi utumiki kulondera. Liniya dragoons polima - poyamba anaitanidwa zimbalangondo, pamene oyenda anali kungoika pa mahatchi. Kenako, anakhala dzina la asilikali okwera pamahatchi, amene akhoza kuchita wapansi. Special ulemerero dragoons wabweza pansi Peter Wamkulu. Gulu lachitatu apakavalo - osasamba (yomasulira - cholakwika) ndi katundu - ndipo inkakhala Cossack Kalmucks ndi cuirassiers kwambiri okhala ndi zida amene anali ambuye serried kuukira.

M'mayiko ena, asilikali okwera pamahatchi lidagawikana chosavuta pa wovuta, sing'anga ndi katundu, amene ankadalira makamaka kulemera kwa kavalo. Easy - kavalo huntsman, lancers, hussars (kavalo kulemedwa makilogalamu mazana asanu), chiwerengerochi - Dragoons (sikisi) chaukali - Ankhondo, Reiter, grenadiers, ndi Carabinieri, ndi cuirassiers (kavalo kumayambiriro Ages Middle, masekeli makilogalamu oposa asanu ndi atatu). The Cossacks wa Russian asilikali nthawi yaitali ankaona kuti osasamba apakavalo, koma pang'onopang'ono oyenera Kapangidwe ka asilikali a Russian Ufumu, kutenga mpando pafupi dragoons lapansi. Kuti Cossack apakavalo Regiment anali kuopseza waukulu mdani mu nkhondo za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi. asilikali kavalo anagawidwa mayunitsi malingana ndi zofuna za ulamuliro ndi zolinga. Iyi ndi njira, mwatsatanetsatane, kutsogolo ndi asilikali okwera pamahatchi,.

Kievan Lazaro

Kievan Lazaro ankadziwa mitundu iwiri ya asilikali - oyenda ndi apakavalo, koma kuti mwa yotsirizira Umapeza nkhondo, ntchito ikuchitika zomangamanga ndi zoyendera kubisa kumbuyo, ngakhale malo yaikulu ndi wotanganidwa, ndithudi, oyenda. Akavalo ankagwiritsa ntchito kupulumutsa asilikali a mderali. Izi zinachitika mpaka m'ma leveni. Komanso, pamene oyenda pa Zotsatira chigonjetso wofanana ndi okwera, ndiye apakavalo anayamba kukhala ndi mzimu. Mwina ndiye, ndipo uko kunali koyamba apakavalo Regiment. Mobwerezabwereza zolephera mu nkhondo ndi steppe anthu ndaphunzitsa akalonga Kievan, ndipo posakhalitsa anakhala okwera Russian mu zosatheka otsika: kulangidwa, bungwe, amasonkhana, wolimba.

Anayamba chigonjetso chachikulu wa asilikali Russian. Choncho, mu 1242 ndi apakavalo zatenganso mbali mu kugonjetsedwa kwa Teutonic Knights (Battle wa Ice). Pamenepo Kulikovo kumene Zasadnyy kulekera apakavalo Dmitriya Donskogo anakonzeratu zotsatira za nkhondo ndi khamu asilikali. Pa Mongolia anali mantha, kuwala apakavalo, mwangwiro bungwe (Tumen, zikwi, mazana kapena makumi), amene ali ndi uta wangwiro, ndi kuwonjezera, mkondo, lupanga, nkhwangwa ndi chibonga. Njira anali gawo Persian kapena Parthian - likamalowa kuwala apakavalo mu pambali ndi kumbuyo, ndiye yeniyeni ndi yaitali shelling wa Mongolian mauta losatha, ndipo potsiriza onongani mphamvu kuukira, umene unachitikira kwa apakavalo lolemera. Machenjerero anayesa ndi pafupifupi losagonjetseka. Komabe, mu chakhumi ndi chisanu m'ma Russian apakavalo kale n'cholinga choti kupirira izo.

Boomstick

M'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi anatsindika ndi apakavalo zosavuta, onyamula zida zankhondo, chifukwa kusintha ndi njira za nkhondo ndi njira ntchito nkhondo. Poyamba osiyana apakavalo Regiment anaukira mdani ndi zitsulo ozizira, tsopano kuwombera unapangidwa bungwe mizere mwachindunji ku kavalo. Kapangidwe Regiment lakuya zokwanira, kuti tithe khumi kapena kuposerapo kuti zimayikidwa patsogolo nawonso kuchokera kuti utumiki pa mzere woyamba.

M'zaka za chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chimodzi, ndipo panali dragoons ndi cuirassiers. Swedish apakavalo m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri inkakhala kwathunthu kwa iwo. Pa nkhondo, Korol Gustav Adolphus apakavalo mzere mu mizere iwiri ya tithe anayi, amene anapereka gulu lalikulu la asilikali a mphamvu ndipo amatha kumenya motsimikiza osati ndi kuukira, komanso kusinthasintha kwa akamagwiritsa. Chinatuluka wa asilikali a squadrons ndi regiments apakavalo. M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chiwiri ndi apakavalo anali oposa makumi asanu peresenti ya asilikali m'mayiko ambiri, ndi oyenda mu France inali imodzi ndi theka nthawi zochepa.

tili

Mu Russia mu apakavalo m'ma kale lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu katundu, sing'anga ndi kuwala, koma kale kwambiri, m'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu, analengedwa manorial yolimbikitsa amuna ndi akavalo, ndi chitukuko ndi osiyana kwambiri maphunziro Russian asilikali okwera pamahatchi ndi Ulaya. dongosolo kupeza watsirizika asilikali Russian lalikulu kwambiri lolemera apakavalo. Kale pansi Ivan m'khutu, iye anakhala mtsogoleri mu yobereka asilikali, analipo anthu eyite zikwi, ndi a Livonia nkhondo sanali Cossack apakavalo Regiment.

Zikuchokera Russian apakavalo anasintha pang'onopang'ono. asilikali zonse analengedwa pansi Peter Pevom kumene okwera pamahatchi, chinali Boel makumi dragoons zikwi - makumi regiments. Zinali ndiye kuti okwera anali kunditumiza ku utumiki mfuti. Kumpoto nkhondo anaphunzitsa apakavalo kuchita zofuna ndi Nkhondo ya Poltava apakavalo Menshikov anachita resourcefully kwambiri, ndi wapansi. Pa nthawi yomweyo zotsatira zikuluzikulu nkhondo ndi apakavalo osasamba, imene inali Kalmyks ndi Cossacks.

hayala

Petrine mwambo anatsitsimuka mu 1755 mfumukazi Elizabeth: zachitika ndipo anayambitsa apakavalo hayala, mochuluka bwino nkhondowo ntchito asilikali kunkhondo. Kale mu 1756 asilikali Russian a alonda apakavalo Regiment, asanu ndi asanu cuirassier Grenadier, khumi wanthawi zonse ndi awiri dragoon regiments moperewera. The apakavalo osasamba monga Kalmyks ndi Cossacks anali kachiwiri.

Russian apakavalo anaphunzitsidwa zawonjezeka, ndipo nthawi zambiri kuposa European, amene linatsimikizidwa ndi zaka zisanu ndi ziwiri 'nkhondo. M'zaka za m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chitatu chinawonjezeka chiwerengero cha apakavalo kuwala, monga chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi, pamene unyinji wa asilikali, ndi apakavalo ndi lophatikizana ndi ubwamunalo linagawanika mu nkhondo ndi njira. Yotsirizira chinali choti nkhondowo, onse paokha ndipo pamodzi ndi nthambi zina za usilikali, ndipo unit asilikali anali gawo la platoon wonse Regiment ndi mayunitsi oyenda zofunika chitetezo, mauthenga komanso nzeru.

m'ma chakhumi ndi chisanu ndi chinayi

Napoleon anali anayi apakavalo Corps - apakavalo zikwi makumi anai. Asilikali Russian anali sikisite apakavalo regiments pakati pawo - alonda asanu, eyiti cuirassier, dragoon sate-sikisi, khumi ndi zisanu hussar Ulan, mwachitsanzo, magulu khumi, nyumba asanu osiyana kuphatikiza apakavalo Corps. Russian apakavalo nkhondo kumenyana mwangwiro pa kavalo, ndipo iwo anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri kugonjetsedwa kwa asilikali Napoleon a. Mu theka lachiwiri la m'zaka za mphamvu ya moto maphunziro zida zankhondo chawonjezeka kambirimbiri, koma chifukwa apakavalo ankanyamula imfa yaikulu. Kenako anaimirira ndi kufunsana kufunika linakhalapo.

The Civil nkhondo mu United States Komabe, yasonyeza kupambana kwa mtundu umenewu wa asilikali. Mwachibadwa, ngati machesi nkhondowo maphunziro ndi atsogoleri woyenera. Anawazunza kumbuyo ndi aya anali kwambiri ndi bwino, ngakhale kuti revolvers ndi carbines sanali gunshot chabe, komanso yamazinga. Zikwanje Achimereka pamene pafupifupi konse ntchito. The US akadali mbiri ya asilikali ndi mu kulemekeza kwambiri. Choncho, 2 apakavalo Regiment (Dragoons, 2 apakavalo Regiment) unakhazikitsidwa mu 1836 ndipo pang'onopang'ono, popanda kusintha dzina, anakhala woyamba yaing'ono, ndiye makina oyenda. Tsopano izo ziri mu Europe, kukhala gawo la chimadalira la asilikali US.

The First World nkhondo

Mu zaka mazana makumi awiri, ngakhale pa chiyambi, okwera pamahatchi, chinali pafupi khumi peresenti ya asilikali, ndi thandizo lake, zochimwazo kumathetsa vuto la mwatsatanetsatane ndi ntchito. Komabe, ndi zina zimalimbikitsa asilikali zida zankhondo, makina mfuti ndipo ndege, gawo asilikali ake zowawa zomvetsa nthawi zambiri lalikulu, ndipo chotero kukhala pafupifupi osamveka nkhondo. Mwachitsanzo, luso consummate kumenyana anasonyeza German High Lamulo, onyamula Sventsiany yojambula pamene asanu magulu apakavalo ankagwiritsa ntchito. Koma ndi mwina yekha zabwino chitsanzo cha ndondomeko zimenezi.

Russian apakavalo First World anali lambiri - makumi atatu mphambu zisanu ndi kugawikana, okwera mazana awiri zikwi ophunzitsidwa bwino - koma kupambana, ngakhale pa chiyambi cha nkhondo ya anali ochepa, ndipo pamene nthawi pamalo ayendetsa inatha, nkhondo mtundu uwu wa mphamvu ndi pafupifupi idaleka. troopers onse anatsika pa bulu nagwada ndipo anapita kupita kunkhondo. Zinthu zinasintha a nkhondo mu nkhani iyi, kanthu Russian lamulo sanali aphunzira: kunyalanyaza malangizo ofunika kwambiri, iwo sprayed ndi apakavalo kudutsa kutalika kutsogolo ndi ntchito monga kwambiri aluso omenyana procurers. Ziphunzitso zoyenera kuukira kuti pafupi chishalo, ndi isanayambike wapansi pafupifupi sichinakwaniritsidwe. Nkhondo itatha, asilikali Western anali ainjini ndi makina apakavalo pang'onopang'ono kuthetsedwa kapena yafupika yochepa, monga France, Italy, Great Britain ndi ena. Only mu Poland anakhalabe zonse khumi apakavalo brigades.

"Ife - ndi apakavalo wofiira ..."

Mapangidwe ndi apakavalo Union anayamba ndi Kulenga kwa Red Army, zomwe zinali zovuta kwambiri kuchita mu 1918. Choyamba, m'madera onse kuti kupereka Russian asilikali ndi mahatchi ndi okwera anali wotanganidwa ndi interventionists ena ndi azungu. atsogoleri odziwa analibe. Pambuyo World Choyamba atatu okha regiments apakavalo wa asilikali wakale mokwanira mbali ya Soviet. Ndi manja ndi zipolopolo zinali zoipa kwambiri komanso. Choncho, chotero, woyamba apakavalo Regiment mayunitsi latsopano anaonekera osati nthawi imodzi. Poyamba panali zana chabe kavalo, asilikali, squadrons.

Mwachitsanzo, B. Dumenko analengedwa mu 1918 ndi yaing'ono zigawenga wagawo m'chaka ndi kugwa kale poyamba Don apakavalo brigade, ndiye - pa Tsaritsyn Front - mwachidule apakavalo Division. Mu 1919, ndi Denikin ankagwiritsa ntchito chabe ndi awiri yokokedwa thupi. Red apakavalo anali amphamvu kwambiri chidwi mphamvu, si wopanda ufulu zolinga ntchito, komanso mwangwiro anasonyeza lokha mogwirizana ndi mankhwala ena. Mu November 1919, analenga Woyamba apakavalo Army, mu July 1920 - chachiwiri. Yonseyi ndi kulumikiza Red apakavalo kumenya onse: ndipo Denikin ndi Kolchak, ndi Wrangel ndi asilikali Polish.

apakavalo muyaya

Pambuyo pa Nkhondo Yapachiweniweni apakavalo yaitali ikuluikulu ya asilikali Red Army. Kupatukana anali pa njira (Corps ndi magulu awo) ndi ankhondo (wagawo anapeka mayunitsi oyenda). Komanso ku 20s mu Red Army ndipo panafika anthu mayunitsi dziko - pachikhalidwe Cossacks (ngakhale zofooka, ndi sanaithetse mu 1936), ndi apakavalo a North Caucasus. Mwa njira, pambuyo chigamulo cha Commissar of Kuteteza 1936 mayunitsi apakavalo akhala Cossack kwambiri. Ngakhale mfundo zosiyana kuti perestroika nthawi pali ubiquitous, kuti pamaso Wamkulu kukonda dziko lako ambiri asilikali okwera pamahatchi, mopanda dziko la Soviet Union, m'pofunika kuti abwezeretse cholinga choonadi: mapepala kuti palibe "modutsa Budyonny" sanali, ndi apakavalo mu 1937 Iwo wathetsedwa ndi kuposa kawiri, ndiye - by 1940-Mu iye mbisoweka ngakhale mofulumira.

Komabe, misewu tili kulikonse, ndipo palibe malire. Zhukov ali mobwerezabwereza masabata loyamba la nkhondo ananena kuti apakavalo saganizira. Ndipo patapita tikonze. M'chaka makamaka m'nyengo yozizira, 1941 apakavalo World nkhondo II kunali koyenera monga kulikonse. Near Smolensk, m'chaka cha kuwombera imachitika asanu magulu apakavalo, kuthandiza ena asilikali wathu chaperekedwa osati kwambiri, zinali sangathe kwa Musaone. Ndiyeno Yelnia kale mu kauntala-mseru kuti apakavalo anachedwa njira lopondereza nkhokwe, ndipo ndicho chifukwa bwino anatsimikiziridwa. Mu December 1941, kotala wa nsoka wa Moscow anali apakavalo. Mu 1943, pafupifupi mazana awiri ndi zikwi makumi asanu apakavalo kumenyana magulu twente-sikisi (mu 1940 panali 13, ndipo onse ndi chiwerengero m'munsi). Don Cossack Corps anamasula Vienna. Kuban - Prague.

11 osiyana apakavalo Regiment

Popanda, pakanakhala palibe mafilimu wathu ankakonda. kugwirizana ndi monga ena onse, a magulu ankhondo okhala ndi zida za dziko, koma ankagwiritsa ntchito pa kujambula filimu. 11 osiyana apakavalo Regiment - nambala 55605 asilikali pachikhalidwe anapanga mu 1962. Iwo anali kuyamba ndi mkulu Sergei Bondarchuk. chaluso Choyamba, popanda thandizo la Regiment sibwezi chinachitika, wotchuka ndi wokongola filimu epic "Nkhondo ndi Mtendere". Ndi mu Regiment uyu anali zisudzo Andrey Rostotsky ndi Sergei Zhigunov. The zili "cinematic" nkhondo mpaka '90s analipira Mosfilm, ndiye iye ndi kupitiriza, ndithudi, sadathe.

kakhumi kuchepetsa chiwerengero cha okwera, adasiya pang'ono kuposa anayi ndi akavalo zosakwana zana ndi makumi asanu. Muli Regiment mu gawo ili la ovomerezeka kwa Utumiki wa Culture ndi Utumiki wa chitetezo. Komabe, funso wa disbandment wathunthu zinali zofunika kwambiri. Only pempho pulezidenti Nikita Mikhalkov wathandiza kupatula 11 apakavalo. Zimenezi zinamuthandiza kuti filimu "The Barber wa Siberia". Mu 2002, silinalinso Pulezidenti apakavalo Regiment, ndi Aulemu kuperekezedwa linapangidwa ndi Regiment Pulezidenti. Kumbukirani kuti blockbusters amabadwa nazo! "Prince Igor", "White Sun wa M'chipululu", "Waterloo", "Zokhudza hussar osauka ..." "Kuthamanga", "Nkhondo Moscow", "Choyamba apakavalo", "Bagration", "The Black Mivi Yanu", "Peter kwambiri. "