Ulamuliro Vladimira Monomaha. The zotsatira za ulamuliro wa Vladimir Monomakh

Vladimir Monomakh Board chimachititsa zaka 1112-1125. Pa ukulu Kiev anakhala pansi, pamene mwamuna 60 wazaka, lophunzira ndi wanzeru. Mwina ndicho chifukwa zaka za ulamuliro wake amaonedwa yabwino kwa Old boma Russian.

Mmodzi wa Rurik

Mdzukulu wa Yaroslava Mudrogo, ndiwotani mwana wa Wamkulu Kiev Prince Vsevolod ndi Byzantine Mfumukazi Anna (mwana wamkazi wa Constantinople mfumu Constantine Monomakh) anabadwira ku 1053. Pambuyo kukhwima, iye anali bambo chamankhwala chodalirika mozungulira. Mwamsanga Kiev Vsevolod anapatsa mpandowachifumu kuti iye. Koma ine ndimadana ndewu Vladimir kuzisiya wa akulamulira Grand msuweni Svyatopolk II Izyaslavich monga tate wa Monomach Kiev, Vsevolod anatenga mpando pambuyo pa athamangitsidwe wa m'bale wake Izyaslav. Anthu a Kiev sakhala amakonda Svyatopolk ndi katundu wake, makamaka ubwenzi ndi Polovtsy ndi chakuti pamene wake ngongole-sharking wafika kufanana ndi kale lonse.

Anzeru ndi otchuka

Nthawi yomweyo pambuyo pa imfa ya mkulu wa Kiev Monomakh anatumizidwa kuyamba ulamuliro waukulu, koma modekha ku likulu chifukwa sindikufuna kuti akuphwanya kulowezana kwa mpando wachifumu, chifukwa iye ankaganiza kuti Svyatopolk ulamuliro Ayenera Oleg Seversky kapena David Chernigov kapena Jaroslav Murom - onse ana a Svyatoslav. akuchedwa wake anapindula anthu a Kiev, akudwala kuponderezedwa kwambiri a usurers Ayuda, ndipo anam'galukira, limodzi ndi pogroms. Kachiwiri, iye anatuma mthenga Monomakh. Izi nthawi sanazengereze. Pa Vladimir (dzina lake achipembedzo - Basil) ndi isanafike kukhalamo la mpando wachifumu Kiev anali mbiri ya kukhazikitsa mtendere, wopambana Polovtsian ndi (anawachititsa 19 mtendere mapangano) ndi unifier m'mayiko Russian (ana ake anali m'mizinda ikuluikulu - Novgorod, Smolensk ndi Rostov, ndi m'bale wake Rostislav analamulira Pereyaslavl).

wanzeru chiyambi

Vladimir Monomakh ulamuliro mu mzinda uliwonse - Smolensk 1073-1078, 1078-1094 Chernigov, Pereyaslavl 1094-1113 - anali wanzeru bwino. Opanduka Kiev chofunika kulamulira yekha Vladimir, pobwera kupanduka ataphwera. Koma Monomakh kumvetsa zimayambitsa, pofuna kupewa zipolowe m'tsogolo ndipo kwambiri kudula mitengo wa wobwereketsayo (osati choposa 20% pa annum) kuposa moyo mosavuta makalasi m'munsi. "Hayala wa rezah" Analeredwa patapita nthawi yaitali kufunsa anthu a osankhika a. Pambuyo sanachite chidwi kuti katapira pamapeto pake kuwononga osati Russia, komanso okha, anaganiza kutulutsa onse Ayuda ndalama obwereketsa kunja kwa dziko. Izo analamula kuti onse m'banja chuma "zachuma" akhoza kutenga nawo, koma ayenera sabwereranso ku Russia. Mwachibadwa, Ayuda ambiri analandira Orthodoxy.

The zinachitika yachiwiri Vladimir Yofiira Sun

Zaka za ulamuliro Prince Vladimir Monomakh anayamba chitunda lotsiriza la Kievan Lazaro. Mwayi ambiri, wandale wabwino, munthu amene anaphunzira ndi wolemba aluso amene anasiya ntchito zolembalemba, iye anapereka Russia pa moyo chete - Pechenegs anathamangitsidwa, ndi Cumans akhagopa kulanda Russian dziko, chifukwa mu yokopa ndi iwo, kalonga anadalira asilikali, osati pa mercenaries. Iye anali wotchuka kwambiri pakati pa anthu, kuti mbali zonse fano epic a Vladimir Yofiira Sun (a zinachitika poyamba anali agogo ake Vladimir, Abaptisti ya Russia). Zochita za Ili Muromtsa kugwa pa ulamuliro wa Vladimir Monomakh

Kwambiri kupambana milungu yachilendo ndondomeko

The mfundo yachilendo ya Grand Duke anafika pachimake pamene mwana wa womwalirayo wa Byzantine Mfumu Alexios Ine John II, amene forestalled asilikali lalikulu Russian chamtsogolo Constantinople. Pofuna mtendere ndi Kievan Lazaro, Agiriki mwaufulu anapita ku zokambirana lingamutsatire - Monomakh kupereka mutu wa mfumu, pa kufunika ofanana basileus wa Byzantium. Iye anapatsidwa zovala zachifumu, ndodo, orb ndi korona, wotchuka ndi lodziwika bwino "Monomakh". The Union wakhala atathana ukwati dynastic - mwana wa Yohane, wolowa Alexei, anakwatira mdzukulu wa mkulu wa Kiev. Choncho, ulamuliro Vladimira Monomaha zinali zodzaza ndi kukhazikitsidwa kwa wamphamvu Byzantine ofanana Union.

ndondomeko kusintha

Komabe, anawachenjeza anthu kuti analanda Constantinople anapereka pa njira ya mayiko Danubian, koma Monomakh nthawi zonse chifukwa cha dziko angakhoze chinachake choti tichite. Choncho, mayiko amenewa ndiwo Byzantines. Pambuyo akulimbana ndi Minsk Prince Gleb ndi adani ake a mayiko amenewa anali anzake Kiev - izo anazindikira mwayokha. Ubwino undoubted monga chakuti kumpanda pa nthawi ya ulamuliro Vladimira Monomaha atatu a m'mayiko onse Russian anali anaikira mu manja ake. Ndi anansi ake onse, lomwe ndi pangano, ndi kumene - usilikali, akhala anamaliza padziko lonse. Choncho, kupanduka anali kuletsedwa mu Volyn, kulamulidwa ndi mwana Svyatopolk amabwera mpongozi Vladimir, Yaroslav. Iye anatembenuka bwalo lake mu lankhanza Kiev obisalamo. Ngoziyo kamodzi wobwereketsayo Ayuda, ndi mitundu yonse ya adani wosatha wa Russia. A khamu lalikulu la Czechs, Hungarians, Poland kupita ku Kiev. Amuna anatuluka kukakumana naye Mstislav Vladimirovich. Yaroslav anali kale anapha asilikali Russian pa kuzinga Volyn. Kuthandiza wakufayo anali n'kosathandiza Adani anabwerera.

Kukula kwa mphamvu ya Russia

Ngakhale Volga Bulgars, amene zombo anagonjetsedwa ndi asilikali Russian, kapena anthu a Baltic States ndi Finland, nthawi zonse amalipira msonkho, osati kukathira nkhondo m'dziko Russian mu ulamuliro wa Vladimir Monomakh. Zonsezi zathandiza kuchita wamakono wa boma. Sikumanga mipingo, kuwonjezera malonda, anayamba lopanga ndalama, anamasulira mabuku ndi chinenero Byzantine, anayamba kutsegula sukulu, imene ana anapatsidwa maphunziro pa mabanja abwino. Kukhala munthu wophunzira ndiponso wolemba mphatso, Vladimir kumanzere kwa mbadwa ntchito zake - "Malangizo" ndi "Kuyenda". Komanso, Nestor, wansembe wa Kiev-Pechersk Lavra amalenga "nthano ya makedzana Zaka" (1117). Vladimir Monomakh mu Board Kiev kusanduliza mudzi mu malo aakulu malonda ndi chikhalidwe. Iye anasiya kukumbukira kwa zaka zambiri, ndi chitsanzo cha boma, zomwe zimachititsa dziko lotukuka. Za izo kulankhula bwino sikuti lalembedwa mu zaka za ulamuliro wake, "nthano ya makedzana Zaka", koma mu Ipatiev Chronicle mu "nthano za Kusakaza wa dziko Russian." Ndipo pambuyo pa imfa yake, ena mwa ana ake anavekedwa mfumu "kapu Monomakh".

Chiyambi cha ulamuliro Vladimira Monomaha anali pa April 20, 1113 ndipo inatha May 19, 1125, tsiku la imfa yake. Pansi Vladimir Monomakh mabanja ambiri dynastic. Amukwatire kuchokera ana ake ambiri ndi pafupifupi onse mitu korona wa Europe. Maukwati ndi ana khans.

Zotsatira za Board

mphamvu kwambiri, kuti kuwonedwa ndi anansi anasiya Vladimir Monomakh, zotsatira za sipangakhalenso mwachidule motere ulamuliro. Kupambana chachikulu chinali kuthetsa kuukira Polovtsy imawonongeka dziko. Ulamuliro wa Russia chawonjezeka amazipanga, pambuyo akugonjetsa iwo. Komanso kukula akhale ndi mfundo moyenera ena ndi mabanja dynastic. Monomakh itakula centralization mphamvu, ndipo motero akhoza kusunga kulamulira m'mizinda yonse ndi zamalonda la Russia. Chifukwa cha kutha nkhondo yapachiweniweni ndi isanayambike mtendere chinayamba m'magulu onse a zachuma, mabuku ndi luso, komanso kwambiri adakula mphamvu ya dziko - nkhondo ndi zachuma.