Nsanja pamwamba pa Moscow Kremlin. Kufotokozera Moscow Kremlin nsanja

Nsanja pamwamba pa Moscow Kremlin - ndi wofunika Tower kumpoto gawo la linga, kusiya Alexander Garden. Njirayi imatchedwa Utatu, ndi kuyenda ndi wachiwiri kukula. Nsanja ndi korona ndi rube nyenyezi, ndi kamodzi pa izo, komanso pa Spassky vezhe (Old Russian dzina), chimes wopalamulayo.

The wakale woyera mwala Kremlin

Ngakhale Grand Duke wotchedwa Dmitry Donskoy mu zaka 1366-1368 n'kuyamba matabwa mpanda wa boma la Russia. Nkhani yomwe kutchinga latsopano ndi nsanja, nthawi zambiri wakhala anajambulapo owala kapena "woyera mwala" imene anali wolemera mu zigawo chapakati Russia. Ichi ndicho chiyambi ndi chizindikiro wakale wa Moscow - "woyera mwala". Komabe, nkhani nyumbayi anali osalimba ndi dilapidated malinga. Ntchito yobwezeretsa ikuchitika nthawi zonse, kotero kuti pali umboni Mbiri. Choncho, mu 1462 ku Moscow wamalonda Vasiliem Dmitrievichem Ermolinym, amene pa nthawi kuyang'anira kumanga onse amagwira ntchito pa mlingo dziko, akuluakulu kukonza makoma zinachitikadi kuchokera pachipata Borovitsky Sviblovo strelnitsa. Kuti tiyankhe funso "limene nsanja ya boma la Russia ndi yayikulu", muyenera kudziwa za mfundo zonse kuphatikizapo kukhazikitsanso ambiri a malinga ndi nsanja kuti, ngakhale kukonza lalikulu, anapitiriza "pitani." Pachifukwa ichi, Ivan III Wamkulu, anaonjezera, ndi njira, Moscow ukulu kukula nthawi 6, lamulo linaperekedwa wachitatu lotsiriza la zaka za m'ma XV, chifukwa cha kuphedwa kwa amene Moscow Kremlin, makoma ake ndi nsanja akhala akukonza ndi kwakukulu ziŵalo.

Latsopano Kremlin njerwa zofiira

Pofuna kukwaniritsa cholinga chake pa Grand Duke wa Moscow amaitana kuchokera Italy ambuye wotchuka a zomangamanga, motsogoleredwa ndi amene ndi 1485 amayamba kusanthula white mwala pryasel (dera pakati pa nsanja awiri), malinga ndi umaposa okha. Kwa zaka khumi, pamalo parsed malinga zinamangidwa watsopano, nthawi iyi ya njerwa. Pa kukhazikitsanso izi Kremlin m'dera anali chinawonjezeka ndi kuika gawo mu kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa mpanda wolimba kwambiri. Ndipo tsopano anali mahekitala 27,5 ndi amamuonera ndi osasamba makona mawonekedwe. Ndi popereka linga panopa. Ntchito kutsogozedwa ndi Italy. Choncho palibe zodabwitsa mu chakuti mapeto chapamwamba makoma, chokongoletsedwa ndi battlements, onse Veigy (Old Russian dzina), kuphatikizapo nsanja yaitali ya Moscow Kremlin, kwambiri ngati nyumba Italy - Scaligero mu Verona ndi Milan a Sforza Castle.

Moscow nsanja linga

Total Moscow Kremlin ali nsanja 20. Atatu ngodya - Vodovzvodnaya, Beglemishevskaya ndi Pakona nkhokwe - gawo nsanja ndi kuzungulira, pamene ena, kuphatikizapo nsanja yaitali ya Moscow Kremlin - lalikulu. Wa gulu loyimba okwana zaka makamaka kalembedwe chomwecho, akuyima Nikolskaya nsanja moyang'anizana ndi Red Square, lomwe 1812 ndi French yakuwadzudzumisa. Pamene kubwezeretsa ntchito ikuchitika pa polojekiti O. I. Bove, iye anapereka Gothic tione ndi utoto woyera. Onse mawonekedwe vezhi ndi msinkhu osiyana Chrixitu. Choncho ndani wa iwo ali apamwamba nsanja ya boma la Russia? Utatu. ndi komanso pamene chiyani? Kodi mbiri yake?

fryazhskie mapulani

A kukonzanso okwana boma la Russia anali nawo Aleviz Fryazin (Milanese), amene anabwera Moscow mu 1494. Mu 1495 iye anali nawo ntchito yomanga mpanda ndi nsanja pamodzi Neglinnaya Mtsinje. Stone zipinda Anamanganso motsogozedwa wake (1499-1508 zaka). Mu 1508 anamanga damu pa mtsinje, chimene unaturuka pamodzi gawo kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa mpanda Kremlin. Chifukwa iwo madzi mu mtsinje anaimirira kwambiri kudzaza chemba analenga khoma moyang'anizana ndi Red Square. Izo kuchokera 1508 mpaka 1516 motsogozedwa wa Milanese anakumba. Ndipo iwo anamanga kumpoto ndi nsanja pamwamba pa Moscow Kremlin.

Tikumbukenso kuti Fryazin - si dzina, ndi dzina limene linaperekedwa kwa onse Western akatswiri Russian adabuluka kum'mwera kwa Ulaya. Imachokera mawu olakwika "Franc". Chifukwa cha ichi, zinali zambiri chisokonezo. Aloisio da Milano, Aleviz Fryazin Milanese ndi Aloisio da Karezano (kapena Carcano) - ali mmodzi yemweyo, kumanga nsanja Utatu komanso Bon Fryazin kukwezeka belfry "Ivan Veliky". Pa nthawi yomweyo, Ivan III anaitanidwa ku Moscow wina Aleviz Fryazin, koma Venitsiantsa kapena Chatsopano. Iwo anali nalo dzina ngakhale wamba - fryazhskie mapulani. Kuwonjezera awa "Fryazinov" kapena "fryagov" anaitanidwa Ivan III Great anali Marco Ruffo ndi Pietro Antonio Solari, motero, Mark Peter Fryazinov.

Kremlin malinga

Choncho, nsanja pamwamba pa Moscow Kremlin inamangidwa ku 1495 kuti zaka 1499 Aleviz Fryazin Milanese. Ndi mpanda woyambirira wa boma la Russia - Taynitskaya Tower (pakati kum'mwera kwa mpanda Kremlin) - unayambitsidwa July 14, 1485. Pambuyo pake, nsanja anayikidwa mu ntchito pafupifupi chaka chilichonse. Atsopano - Imperial Tower - inamangidwa mu 1680. mawu Special kulandira mpanda wa boma la Russia, kuphatikizapo akuguba motsatira za Neglinnaya Mtsinje. Pakati pa gawo ili ndi yayikulu North Nsanja ya Moscow Kremlin. Total kutalika khoma wofanana mamita 2235, kutalika zimasiyanasiyana 5 mpaka 19 m. The makulidwe a makoma kuchokera 3.5 kuti 6.5 mamita anali ndi chiphaso-kudzera poyamba, koma ndiye ataunjikidwa mbali zosiyana zinyalala.

wapadera wall

Nsanja anasiyanitsidwa ndi mtunda wina amene akhoza kugonjetsa kanjira, anaika pamwamba pa khoma. m'lifupi ukufika kumene 2, ndi kumene mudzakhala ndi mamita 4. Kunja anateteza mano nyanga ziwiri amene kutalika ndi wofanana 2-2.5 m, ndi makulidwe -. 0,65-0,7 mamita Chiwerengero cha mano alonda oyenerera padziko kukafika kutsogolo wofanana zidutswa 1045. Sagittarians amene ali palinga anali pa bwalo mbali yokutidwa kampanda khoma. Poyamba ndimeyi yokutidwa matabwa denga umene kunali kotheka kwa chitetezo nyengo yoipa, ndipo khoma kwambiri iye anaphimba ku ladziko mvula ndi chipale chofewa. Dengali unawotchedwa m'zaka za m'ma XVIII, ndi ochuluka sanabwezeredwe.

History dzina la

Popeza apamwamba nsanja ya Moscow Kremlin wotchedwa Utatu, m'pofunika kufufuza chimene iye anapatsidwa dzina, makamaka kuyambira poyamba izo kulemekeza Epiphany, ndiye Rizpolozhensky kenako Znamenskaia ndi Kuretnoy ndi mutu panopa anapata yekha mu 1658 ndi lamulo la Tsar Alexei Mikhailovich chifukwa kukhala m'dera la boma la Russia Utatu farmstead. maina Previous zogwirizana ndi mipingo boma la Russia ndi pafupi wachifumu mphunzitsi nyumba.

kwambiri original

Wamkulukulu Kremlin (chithunzi Ufumuyo) nsanja ali magawo zotsatirazi: kuchokera Alexander Garden, anamanga kumene pasanakhale mtsinje Neglinnaya, analowa chitoliro, ndi kutalika kwa Veigy ndi nyenyezi mamita 80, popanda - 76,35, pa mbali mkati - ankalemekeza 69,3 ndi 65,65 m. nsanja iyi yokonzedwa. zipata zake kuyambira penipeni pa mapeto a XVII imatengedwa wachiwiri zofunika kwambiri pambuyo Spassky.

Iwo atumikira ndimeyi ku mabwalo a mfumukazi, mafumu ndi mabishopu. Mu 1516, ndi Utatu Tower kudutsa Neglinnaya Mtsinje anali mlatho kuti inatha kumaliseche strelnitsa kapena Barbican, lotchedwa mu nkhani iyi Kutafya nsanja. Iyo inasonyeza mpanda mu malo oyamba kuteteza zina chipata. Ndi kokha wotsalayo nsanja ya boma la Russia bridgehead. Akudutsa Troitsky ake Bridge, malinga ndi akatswiri pa mbiriyakale ya Moscow, anamanga pa malo a nyumba mwala woyamba likulu imeneyi, yomwe inamangidwa cha m'ma XIV.

The chachiwiri chofunika kwambiri

Kodi nsanja pamwamba pa Moscow Kremlin, ndipo n'chifukwa chiyani Mpulumutsi waukulu? Mwachionekere, ena zinachitika Soviet, tanthauzo la Utatu Gates anawonjezera kuti kudzera mwa iwo March 12, 1918 V. I. Lenin anafika pa boma la Russia. Kudzera Utatu Gates kuno, Napoleon, kupyolera mwa iwo anathamanga ndi boma la Russia. Kubwerera ndi kugonjetsa mafumu anali kwambiri Utatu Bridge, ndiye iwo mwakachetechete anapita kwa Spassky Chipata. Poyamba nsanja pamwamba pa Moscow Kremlin (chithunzi Ufumuyo) anachita mbali yofunika kwambiri mu mbiri ya dziko lonse la Moscow. Ndi apamwamba, koma si waukulu chifukwa kupita ku Red Square.

Kufanana ndi kusiyana

Ndi mapeto a pomanga nsanja iyi unakwaniritsidwa ndi chilengedwe cha chitetezo cha chigawo onse kumpoto chakumadzulo kwa mpanda - tsidya lino la boma la Russia anakhala angaloŵe. Ikulu nsanja pamwamba inatha mano, chihema matabwa anali hipped. zikalata kuchokera 1585, nsanja iyi anali chimes kuti salisiyanitsa kufanana kwake kwa Mpulumutsi. Kuwonjezera pamenepo, onse anaikidwa mitu iwiri mphungu, choyimira cha Russia Utatu anali wamkulu, anasonkhana ku zidutswa zingapo chamangiriridwa. Ndipo pamene mu 1685 inamangidwa pamwamba pa Mipikisano tiered ndi mkulu mwala marquee turrets woyera, ndi zina woyera mwala yokongola, ofanana waukulu Spassky nsanja wakhala lalikulu kwambiri. Inde, ngakhale patapita chaka cha chimes latsopano anapachika (pamene nazitentha mu moto wa Moscow mu 1812, salinso kubwezeretsedwa).

Zochitika za zomangamanga mpingo

Pa funso limene ya nsanja ya boma la Russia ndi yayikulu, mukhoza kuyankha chimene korona nsengwa ndi zisanu ndi zitatu ndi kudzera smotritelnuyu gawo. Kodi zikutanthauza chiyani? Mawu akuti "octagon pa quadrangle" ndi mtundu wa zikuchokera kamangidwe, makamaka matchalitchi. Octagonal kapena octagonal kasinthidwe, pansi waima pa anayi amaganiza, zambiri cipitirire. Chotero zikuchokera ndi zinkaoneka aspiring kumwamba, amene anapereka yomanga mphamvu, izo zinali, nayenso, ndi mbali otchuka wa Moscow Baroque. Mu mipingo zigawo chabwino belu octagonal inali, mwachibadwa, iye sanali Khoma ndipo mofulumira. Troitskaya Tower, ndi tiers chapamwamba zomwe zamangidwa pa mtundu anayang'ana zabwino kwambiri kuchokera pano Alexander Garden. Izi anali ntchito ndi chakuti ngodya ndi strelnitsa linaikidwa turrets zosiyanasiyana ndi pinnacles. Ena mwa iwo chidatengedwa pa kukula kwa munakhazikitsa mu 1707 chifukwa kuopseza pang'ono Swedish kuwukira. Part - pobwera pa miyala Utatu Nsanja ya Utumiki ya mfumu Court. Linadzamangidwanso ngakhale kuwonjezeka.

Yaikulu, eyiti-storey

Nsanja apamwamba a boma la Russia mu Moscow ali asanu pamwamba-pansi ndi simenti awiri mobisa. kosungira zozama Poyamba zolinga kumbuyo ndi asilikali. Kenako, m'zaka za m'ma XVI-XVII, kosungira awa akhala inasanduka ndende. Izi tatikulu apansi mobisa anali anapeza mu 1851. Kwa linakhalapo, Troitskaya Tower ntchito m'njira zosiyanasiyana. Ndinali pano mpaka 1895 yachokera ya mfumu Court, ndipo tsopano oimba Pulezidenti aikidwa mu izo.

Kremlin nyenyezi

Komanso, nsanja apamwamba a boma la Russia mu Moscow - mmodzi wa asanu korona nyenyezi. Borovitskaya Spasskaya ndi Nikolskaya ndi Vodovzvodnaya - ndi nsanja anayi, omwe mayendedwe armorial ya mfumu Russia n'kuyamba nyenyezi. Malinga ndi zovala za manja komanso akhoza kufunsa funso, ndi zogwirizana kwambiri mafunso awa: Yankho adzakhala m'modzi pa adayima mpaka 1935 akale (nthawi kukwezedwa - 1830), awiri mutu mphungu "Ndani wa nsanja ya Moscow Kremlin ndi yayikulu?". "Wamng'ono" (1912) anali pa Mpulumutsi. Ndipo m'malo ndi nyenyezi poyamba. Nyenyezi woyamba golide-yokutidwa theka-mtengo wapatali ndi kulemedwa kwambiri - masekeli mpaka matani a. Choncho denga Spassky, Utatu komanso Borovetskoy nsanja kale chidzalimba. Komabe, theka-mtengo wapatali nyenyezi msanga chinazilala, ndipo mu 1937 anaganiza m'malo mwa nyenyezi wowala ya rube galasi.

Wapadera nsanja boma la Russia

Kodi mungachite kuyankha funso kuti kodi nsanja apamwamba a boma la Russia? Ngati inu mukuyang'ana pa dongosolo kamangidwe, tikhoza kuona kuti ndi nsanja 15 Mpulumutsi vezhi (manambala ndi counterclockwise) ndipo ali apamwamba - Utatu, wina imasiyana mlatho ake. Aliyense wa 20 vezh Kremlin ndi wapadera, lili ndi mbiri yake, ndi kufotokoza iwo osachepera chabe, nkhani ina sikokwanira.