Nkhondo pa Neva mtsinje: Zoyambitsa ndi Zotsatira

July 15, 1240 msonkhano chosaiwalika nkhondo pa mtsinje Neva. asilikali Russian molamulidwa ndi Alexander Nevski, anapambana chigonjetso akufinya pa asilikali Swedish. Zitachitika izi, Alexander Nevsky anali wotchuka dzina. dzina Ichi chikudziwika aliyense Russian, ndi lero.

prehistory

Nkhondo pa Neva mtsinje 1240 n'kuyamba zokha. Iwo anali pambuyo pa nambala ya zochitika zofunika ndale ndi mbiri yakale.

Mu zoyambirira za m'ma 13, asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda, ogwirizana ndi Novgorod, anapanga forays zonse mu mafuko Chifinishi. Iwo anamutcha ulendo wawo Chilango, omwe cholinga chawo chinali kulamulira anthu. Ambiri mwa asilikali a Sweden zowawa mafuko ndalama ndi EM. Ichi chinali chifukwa cha mikangano protracted. Asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda adawopa kuukira Finns, wofunitsitsa kuwabatiza iwo ndi kupanga lankhondo.

Pamenepo sanaleke ankhondowo. Nthaŵi anagwira anawazunza zolusa pa maiko pamodzi Neva Mtsinje, komanso mwachindunji m'dera Novgorod. Sweden wakhala zayamba wofooka mikangano vnutriusobnymi, kotero iye adafunafuna kukopa ankhondo ambiri ndi otchuka kumbali yake. Iwo sanali kupewa zokopa kupambana kwa mbali ndi mafani wa ndalama. Kwa nthawi yaitali asilikali Finno-Karelian anaukira dziko Swedish, ndipo mu 1187 ndipo kwathunthu ogwirizana ndi Novgorod. Anatentha Sigtuna - likulu wakale wa Sweden.

atasemphana inatenga nthawi yaitali. Aliyense wa m'mbali mwake, ndi Swedish ndi Russian, kufuna kukhazikitsa ulamuliro wawo pa Izhora dziko, yomwe inali m'mphepete mwa Neva Mtsinje, ndipo pa Karelian kamtunda kopita ku chilumba.

Odziwika tsiku isanafike zochitika wotchuka ngati Battle pa Neva Mtsinje, anali kulengeza za Nkhondo Yachiwiri kwa Finland Papa Gregory IX mu December 1237. Mu June 1238 ku Denmark Mfumu Waldemar II ndi Mwini Order ya ophatikizana Hermann mfulumira mwa kukana anavomera pa gulu la boma Estonia ndi chiyambi cha ntchito asilikali ndi Russia mu Baltic States ndi thandizo la asilikali a Sweden. Izi ndi zimene chikwiyire nkhondo pa mtsinje Neva. Date, zochitika zomwe zimadziwika tsopano, anali poyambira mu mbiri ya Russia ndi ubwenzi wake ndi limati oyandikana. Nkhondo wasonyeza luso la dziko lathu kubweza mdani asilikali amphamvu. Iwo ayenera kuganizira mfundo yakuti nkhondo pa Neva Mtsinje zinachitika nthawi yovuta. M'mayiko Russian tangoyamba kuchira patapita zaka a Mongol kuwukira ndi mphamvu asilikali akhala kwambiri wofooka.

Nkhondo pa Neva mtsinje: gwero

Kuti mudziwe zambiri za izo kale mbiri yakale zapitazo ndi kusonkhanitsa kwenikweni pang'ono pang'ono. Akatswiri ambiri amachita chidwi ndi zochitika monga Nkhondo pa Neva Mtsinje, tsiku. Mwachidule anafotokoza nkhondo mbiri yakale. Kumene, zinthu zimenezi zikusoŵa. Mmodzi mwa odziwika angatchedwe woyamba Nkhani Novgorod. Komanso, mfundo mukhonza kuwapeza Moyo wa Alexander Nevsky. Amaganiza kuti linalembedwa ndi m'nthawi ya zochitika mu Mipingo ya m'zaka XIII.

Ngati tikambirana magwero Scandinavia, kuti mulibe mfundo nkhondo ngati imeneyi, monga Nkhondo ya Mtsinje Neva ndi Nkhondo ya Ice. Tingathe kuwerenga zimene yaing'ono Swedish kumuwombera idagonjetsedwa chimango cha nkhondo zomenyera Chifinishi.

Amagwiritsidwanso sankadziwika zedi, amene anatsogolera gulu lankhondo Denmark. Kuchokera pa magwero Russian, asayansi kunena kuti anali mkamwini wa mfumu Birger Magnusson.

Koma Jarl Sweden anali kokha mu 1248, ndipo pa nthawi ya nkhondo zinali Ulf Fasi amene, osalephera, napita ulendo. Pankhaniyi, Birger izo sankachita nawo, ngakhale kuti pali maganizo zosiyana. Choncho, zotsatira za zofukulidwa akatswiri apeza Birger anavulazidwa mu gawo patsogolo pa mutu pa moyo wake. Izi zikhale zogwirizana ndi mfundo zimene Alexander Nevsky anavulazidwa mu diso la mfumu.

Nkhondo pa Neva Mtsinje: Date

zochitika m'mbiri mpaka m'zaka XVI, sichinayambe zinalembedwa m'mabuku ena ndi boma. Nthawi zambiri, mbiri yakale simungathe kudziwa tsiku lenileni kapena pafupifupi nthawi pamene panali nkhondo inayake. Koma si ntchito nkhani zoterezi zofunika, nkhondo pa mtsinje Neva. Mu chaka chimene Zinachitika? Funso limeneli mbiri yakale yankho lenileni. nkhondoyi unalembedwa July 15, 1240.

Events pamaso nkhondo

Palibe nkhondo sayamba zokha. Ndipo panali mndandanda wa zinthu zimene zinachititsa chotero mphindi yovuta, nkhondo pa mtsinje Neva. chaka chimene izo zinachitika, asilikali a Sweden anayamba wogwirizana ndi Novgorod. M'chaka cha zombo zawo anafika ku m'kamwa mwa Neva. Asilikali a Sweden ndi anzawo anafika pa gombe, namanga mahema awo. Izo zinachitika pa malo Izhora amalowa Neva.

The zikuchokera asilikali anali anthuwo. Mpheroyi asilikali a Sweden, Novgorod, Norway, nthumwi Chifinishi a mafuko ndipo, ndithudi, mabishopu achikatolika. M'malire a mayiko Novgorod akutetezedwa amatetezedwa m'madzi. izhoryane iye anapereka ku m'kamwa mwa Neva mtsinje pa mbali zonse za Gulf of Finland. Iwo anali mkulu wa chitetezo Pelgusy m'bandakucha July tsiku ndipo anapeza kuti Swedish zombo pa dzanja. Izi amtokoma anafulumira kudziŵitsa Prince Alexander.

Livonia kukwera asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda kwa Russia inayamba mu August, kutanthauza kuti kutenga kudikira ndi kuona malo, komanso mwamsanga ndipo mphezi Prince Alexander anachita. Atalandira uthenga kuti mdani pafupi, anaganiza kuchita paokha, popanda thandizo la atate wake. Alexander Yaroslavovich anapanga nkhondo ndi anamuperekeza yaing'ono. Nkhondo pa Neva mtsinje unali mwayi kwa kalonga kudziwonetsa yekha, kuti mtsogoleri. Choncho, ambiri a asilikali analibe nthawi kuti agwirizane naye. Alexander analankhula za Ladoga ndi asilikali amene anabwera n'kumakhala naye panjira.

Malinga ndi miyambo ndiye alipo, ndi kumuwombera wonse unasonkhana pa Hagia Sophia, amene anadalitsidwa ndi Bishop Spyridon. Pa nthawi yomweyo, Alexander anati inayake adiresi, ochokera amene amadziwika lero: "Si mu mphamvu ya Mulungu, koma zoona!"

The detachment anasamukira pamtunda pamodzi Volkhov ku Lake Ladoga yokha. Kuchokera kumeneko, iye anatembenukira kwa m'kamwa mwa Izhora. Ambiri a asilikali inkakhala pamahatchi, koma anali oyenda. Kupulumutsa ulendo, gawo ili la kumuwombera ndi anagwidwa pa mahatchi.

Mibadwo ya nkhondo

nkhondo inayambika July 15, 1940. Amadziwika kuti asilikali Russian, kuwonjezera retinue kalonga, kuphwando ndi akazembe osachepera wina magulu atatu Novgorod wolemekezeka ndi ladozhane.

Mu "Moyo" umatchula mayina a asilikali asanu amene akuchita zozizwitsa pa nkhondo.

Gavrilo Olekseich anauka kwa chombo mdani, kumene adaponyedwa ovulala, koma ngakhale kumene anakwera ndipo anapitiriza kumenyana. Sbyslav Yakunovich anali atakonzekera yekha ndi nkhwangwa, komabe analumphira mu pakatikati pa nkhondo. Osati zochepa molimba mtima kumenyana ndi huntsman Alexander Yakobo Polochanin. Mtumiki Sawa anathyola mu msasa wa adani ndiponso hema anazolowera asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda. Misha a Novgorod anapita kunkhondo pa phazi ndi kumira zombo za adani atatu. Ratmir mtumiki Alexander Yaroslavovchia, kumenyana chamuna ndi asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda angapo, kenako anavulazidwa ndi kufa pa nkhondo.

Nkhondoyi inatenga kuyambira m'mawa mpaka madzulo. Ndi Kukada otsutsa kumanzere. Asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda, pozindikira kuti anavutika linagonja, kuloŵa zombo wake kupulumuka ndi anawolokera kutsidya lina.

Amadziwika kuti asilikali Russian sanali titsatire mdani. Chifukwa cha ichi ndi losadziwika. Mwina akhudzidwa Knight mwambo siziyenera panthawi yopuma kukaika asilikali awo. Mwina Alexander sanaone kufunika kutsiriza ochepa otsalira a asilikali a Sweden n'kulanda ndipo sanafune pachiswe asilikali ake.

Russian M'gulu zomvetsa anakwana XX ankhondo mfulu, ndipo pano ife ayenera kuwonjezera iwo vigilantes. Pakati pa akufa anali asilikali a Sweden zambiri. Azambiriyakale kulankhula a ambiri, ngati si mazana a asilikali akufa.

zotsatira

Nkhondo pa Neva Mtsinje, tsiku limene sizidzakumbukiridwa kwa zaka zambiri, analola kuteteza kufala kwa isanayambike Sweden ndi Order mu Russia posachedwapa. asilikali a Alesandro mosazengereza anasiya kuwukira kwawo kwa Ladoga ndi Novgorod.

Komabe, Novgorod boyars ankaopa kuti ulamuliro wa Alexander kukula pa iwo. Anayamba kumanga machenjerero osiyanasiyana a kalonga, chifukwa cha kum'kakamiza kuti ndipite kwa atate wake Yaroslav. Koma posakhalitsa, iwo anamufunsa kuti abwerere kupitiriza kulimbana ndi a Livonia Order, amene adadza kwa Pskov.

Kukumbukira nkhondo

Pofuna kuiwala zinthu kutali pa Neva, ana a Alexander adafuna zimalimbikitsa chikumbukiro chawo. Choncho, yaikulu zipilala mapulani zinalengedwa, amene kubwezeretsedwa nthawi zambiri. Komanso, fano la Aleksandra Nevskogo wapeza chinyezimiro ake pa ndalama ndi masitampu chamadzulo.

Alexander Nevsky Lavra

Nyumba iyi monolithic anamangidwira ndi Peter I mu 1710. Alexander Nevsky ansembe yotchedwa inamangidwa pakamwa pa Mtsinje Black ku St. Petersburg. Panthawiyo, ankaganiza kuti nkhondo kunachitika mu malo awa. The inspirer ndi mlengi wa Laura anakhala Domenico Trezzini. Kenako, ntchito Anapitiriza ndi mapulani ena.

Mu 1724 zotsalira zidatunsidwa pano Alexander Yaroslavovych. Tsopano m'dera la obisika ndi boma malo osungirako. The gulu loyimba zikuphatikizapo mipingo ingapo kowonera zakale ndi manda. Iye anaika anthu otchuka monga Mikhail Lomonosov, Alexander Suvorov, Nikolai Karamzin, Mikhail Glinka, Odzichepetsa Mussorgsky, Pyotr Tchaikovsky, Fyodor Dostoevsky.

Aleksandra Nevskogo mpingo Ayenela-Izhora

Nyumba iyi anamangidwira polemekeza chigonjetso mu nkhondo ya 1240. Tsiku yomanga - 1711. Mpingo kangapo kwambiri kuwotchedwa ndi kumangidwanso. Pa mapeto a XVIII m'ma chipembedzowo mphamvu Adamanga kachisi inamangidwa ndi zamwano chitsulo ndi belu nsanja.

Mu 1934 tchalitchi chinatsekedwa ndipo kwa nthawi yaitali ntchito ngati nyumba yosungiramo katundu wina. Pa Leningrad anatseka misewu kachisi nsanja anali litaphulitsidwa kuyambira anatumikira monga miyeso yolinganizira kwa zida zankhondo German.

Mu 1990, ntchito yomanga kubwezeretsa kwa mpingo ndipo anali opatulidwira Patapita zaka zingapo. Pamene kachisi pali manda ang'ono ndi chikumbutso yopemphereramo ndi chithunzi cha Aleksandra Nevskogo.

Kusindikiza ndalama ndi masitampu

Nthawi fano Aleksandra Yaroslavovicha ntchito yosindikiza. Choncho, mwambo ndalama ndi fano lake linatulutsidwa mu 1995. The zaka chisangalalo pambuyo nkhondo kupezeka ndi zopangidwa zofunika kwambiri zomwe chidwi kwambiri kwa philatelists.

chophimba Baibulo

Mu 2008, wolemba linatulutsidwa filimu "Alexander. The Neva Battle" mu yobwereka. Limanena za chiyambi cha ulamuliro wa kalonga ku Novgorod. Kumapeto kwa filimu kudzifutukula nkhondo zithunzi za Nkhondo ya Neva.

Mufilimuyi momwe mulinso zisudzo monga Anton Pampushny, Svetlana ndi Bakulin Igor Botwin. Director - Igor Kalenov.