Mfundo yaikulu ya ulamuliro wa chipani. Features za ndale ndi ulamuliro wa chipani

ndicho ulamuliro wa chipani chiyani? Mu boma kumene bungwe landale kufunafuna mphamvu, iyo kamakhala kuchotsa Otsutsa ake onse ndi coalesces ndi zida boma. Chitsanzo chochititsa chidwi kwambiri pa anamulamula zimenezi ndi la Soviet Union.

Chitsanzo Bolsheviks

Kuti timvetse tanthauzo lalikulu la ulamuliro wa chipani, kuganizira chitsanzo cha Bolshevik Party mwatsatanetsatane, anayamba kulamulira mu Russia mu 1917. Atsogoleri a RSDLP (b) sanali kuonedwa kuti ndi owatsutsa. Pamene panali ya October kuukira boma, kuti anthu akadali madoko Musamadzinamize kuti Lenin ndi anzake bungwe ntchito Assembly Constituent. thupi ili anali kugwiritsa ntchito ndondomeko demokalase kudziwa tsogolo ndale wa Russia.

Msonkhano Constituent wagwira ntchito tsiku limodzi. Amaphatikiza osati Bolsheviks, komanso SRs. Iwo anali ndi maganizo leftist, koma samagwirizana ndi Lenin pankhani mfundo. Makamaka, SRs anakana kuzindikira malamulo zoyamba za mphamvu ya Soviet Union. A voti ambiri Assembly Constituent osankhidwa tcheyamani zake woimira Victor Chernov.

Pamene RSDLP (b) kuzindikira kuti mphamvu zatsopano chitsutso, anaganiza kuti chirichonse chinali overclock. Akuluakulu Pre loletsa likhale la zitsanzo Petrograd. ziwanga The anathamangitsidwa M'khotimo tsiku lotsatira pambuyo inayake ntchito. Chinthu ichi anatchuka kwambiri chifukwa akuti "The alonda wotopa." Chimodzimodzi chitetezo kukangana ndi kutsekedwa zosakhalitsa wa Tauride Palace, mpando wa nyumba ya malamulo.

mantha boma

Kenaka zinadziwika kuti Assembly Constituent anali omwazikana kwathunthu. Petrograd anthu unachitikira zitsanzo zingapo ndi misonkhano mu thandizo la thupi womuimira. Onse anawomberedwa mbali ya Riflemen Chilativiya. Anaphedwa, malinga ndi ziwerengero zosiyanasiyana, anthu 8 mpaka 20.

Umo chidaoneka akamanena za tsoka la ulamuliro wa chipani. The Bolsheviks sanafune kugawana mphamvu ndipo anali okonzeka kuti awononge zonse za adani ake. Mantha - mfundo ndi kiyi pankhani chipani kupondereza anagwira mphamvu mu chikhalidwe chilichonse.

Ban pa zokambirana

Komabe, ngakhale pambuyo kufalitsa Assembly Constituent, ena Russian zipani anali kumunda malamulo. Iwo akhoza kukhala mpikisano lalikulu kwa Bolsheviks pomenyera maganizo a anthu. Icho chinali Mensheviks ndi SRs. Mu njira ya RSDLP (b) kuwononga iwo anawulula akamanena za ulamuliro chipani.

Pa SRs ndi Mensheviks anali yekhayo osakhala asilikali njira kubwera kwa mphamvu. Awa anali nsonga. Matupi tayenda mu makina olembera kuti masitampu zofunika mavoti. Ulamuliro wa proletariat anali chipani loletsedwa kukambirana, ngati chigamulo atengedwa kale "capamwamba" Komiti ya Central.

Bolshevik otsutsa bwinobwino ankakhulupirira Kusankhanso kwa Asovieti anayamba kusintha maganizo awo. The mkhalidwe Lenin ndi gulu lake anakhala Kusakhazikika kwambiri. zinthu zinali zoipa chifukwa cha Chikomyunizimu ankalamulira yekha Petrograd ndi Moscow, pamene ena lalikulu la dziko kayendedwe White anali kugwira ntchito.

Merging wa chipanichi ndi boma

Mu May 1918, Zinoviev poyerekeza Nsonga ku Nyumba ya Ambuye mu British yamalamulo. Osankhidwa matupi nthumwi kuchokera pansi pa ulamuliro wa Bolsheviks. Pa nkhani imeneyi, utsogoleri chipani anaganiza kukhazikitsa ndi kunyanyala preemptive. M'chaka cha 1918 amangidwa atsogoleri a Assembly of zotsogololedwa, limene ambiri anadalira kutsutsidwa.

Pakali pano, ndondomeko ya zofanana ndi zida gulu ndi boma. Commissariat anthu a silikhali ndi Bungwe la Commissars anthu anali kwathunthu Bolshevik. mamembala Party ambiri akukhala mbali ya bureaucracy ndi nomenclature. Ndi 1920, pamene IX Congress wa RCP (b), Bungwe adzapeza chilichonse Bolshevik chachiwiri (ndi mu bungwe, panali 98% ya chiwerengero cha akuluakulu). Ndipo yekha membala aliyense khumi la chipani ntchito pa ulimi.

The ulamuliro wa mabungwe a chitetezo

M'tsogolo, akamanena za ulamuliro wa chipani cha 1920s anali kugwiritsa ntchito misonkhano yapadera ndi zida kuponderezedwa. The Bolsheviks m'njira zinalili Cheka. KGB nkhawa chachikulu chinali Mensheviks ndi SRs. zopezera yaikulu ya akazitape wakhala analenga. Nthaŵi iliyonse yaikulu chitsutso amatengedwa ndi miseche chidzudzulo.

Ulamuliro wa Bolshevik Party, mwalamulo kupangidwa mu 1922. Ndiye Lenin ananena kuti njira yokha polimbikitsa dziko zisinthe - ndi kulenga wogwirizana chikominisi gulu landale. Chilimwe anayamba bwanji mayesero motsutsa Socialist-boma. Zimenezi ambiri yokutidwa womkanikizawo, linalinso propaganda chikhalidwe. Anthu, pali fano la adani ndi opanduka amene kunali kofunika kulanga. Kenako, mchitidwe umenewu wakhala bwinobwino ntchito osati poyerekezera ndi otsutsa akatswiri andale, komanso kwa anthu onse, kusakhutira ndi boma.

Kupondereza adani

Kupondereza ndi kayendedwe chitsutso wolungama "chosintha kufunika" ndi mawu ena mokweza. Pambuyo atsogoleri a Socialist-boma adatsutsidwa, Union utumiki chinsinsi bungwe Congress mbali ya chipanichi, omwe anali wokonzeka kuphatikiza ndi Bolsheviks. Nazi awa otchedwa "Initsiativniki". Iwo kusungunuka chipani ndipo anagwirizana, chikominisi. Mofananamo, tsogolo la Mensheviks otukuka.

Mu Soviet Union panali gulu limodzi lokha. Koma ngakhale mumpingo RCP (B) unayambitsidwa zoterezi. Mu 1924, pambuyo pa imfa ya Lenin mwa yoweyula loyamba la Bolsheviks kulimbana mphamvu.

M'kati kuyeretsa

Kulimbana kwa chiwerengero cha VKP (b) anali wa khalidwe zochepa chikhalidwe monga umunthu. Komabe, pamene Stalin anakhala mtsogoleri autocratic wa chipanichi, komanso anamuchotsa zokambirana ongolankhula. Otsutsa adatsutsidwa ndi kuphedwa kwa gawo lalikulu mu 30s lapansi. Features za ndale ndi akamanena za chipani cha kupondereza ndi zinachititsa kuti ulamuliro wa mwamuna mmodzi.

Mdani waukulu wa Stalin poyamba anali Leon Trotsky. Iye ali pa ndime ndi Lenin bungwe October kuukira boma, pamene Koba sakhudzidwa ndi utsogoleri. Ndi chifukwa cha ichi, Trotsky choyamba pansi kupondereza. Pa mphindi yotsiriza anatha kusamuka. Mpaka zaka zingapo woukira boma ankakhala Mexico mpaka anaphedwa ndi obweretsa Soviet mu 1940.

Dziwani kuti mfundo zina za pamwamba anayamba ndi Bolsheviks patapita bwino ntchito ndi Anazi mu ulamuliro wa Hitler. Masiku ano ulamuliro wa pa Party ndi n'kukhala kwambiri. Masiku ano, dziko ndi dongosolo la ndale ndi chikominisi China, komwe mabungwe onse boma amagwiritsidwa wasokoneza ndi chipani, ndi kuwatsutsa ndi oletsedwa.