Kodi Foinike mzinda waukulu?

Foinike ali kwambiri pa dziko wakale. boma linayambira ku Egypt ku Mesopotamiya, ndi zinamangidwa m'mphepete kum'mawa kwa nyanja ya Mediterranean. Anthu a dziko anatha kulenga chitukuko ndi ntchito zamanja, chikhalidwe olemera ndi malonda apanyanja. Foinike kulemba wakale kwambiri zinalembedwa mu mbiriyakale anthu. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti makamaka mukopedwe mapangidwe makalata Greek. Pachimake Foinike chitukuko zinachitika zaka 1200-800 BC.

Kumzinda waukulu ku Foinike

Chotero tanthauzo la ingagwiritsidwe ntchito malo zingapo zofunika kwa gombe la nyanja ya Mediterranean. Pakuti ndithu nthawi yaitali kuli chitukuko m'mizinda yosiyanasiyana anafika kulemera kuposa kale lonse komanso kuchepa. Choncho, Foinike mzinda waukulu kale nyengo - ndi Sidoni. Kenaka waposa ndi Turo makamaka Baibulo.

Sidoni

chuma chawo ndi mphamvu ya mzinda wakale umenewu Foinike, monga ena a chitukuko ankafunika asapita yaikulu malonda ndi yogwira malonda seaborne. Mwazina, Sidoni siteji zina ndi likulu la dziko wakale zamanja ena. Mwachitsanzo, galasi amapangidwa, komanso chibakuwacho utoto, ndipo kenako anafika mkulu wa kuponyera mkuwa ndi zodzikongoletsera kupanga. Kale mu zaka XV-XIV Sidoni ndi chikhalidwe likulu.

Byblos

Iye wakhala kuyambira pa IV Zakachikwi BC. Komabe, maluwa woona wa pakati anayamba ndi mapeto a II Zakachikwi ndipo zinatha mpaka adzagonjetsa Aleksandra Makedonskogo. Izi ndi Foinike mzinda waukulu mobwerezabwereza otchulidwa m'Baibulo amene amatchedwa kumeneko Gebalom. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti doko izi Ancient Greece kunja amtunduwu, chifukwa anali mu dziko wakale, dzina "Byblos," womwe unawonjezera nawonso, ndi dzina wotchuka mu dziko la bukhu.

Kumzinda waukulu wa chitukuko Foinike anazimiririka

Afoinike, Agiriki, kenako mwakhama kwambiri kuwonjezera kukhalapo kwake mu Mediterranean kudutsa m'munsi mwa ndime ya. N'zochititsa chidwi kuti ena mwa mizinda Foinike unayamba kuthetsa atsamunda kuchoka m'dziko mayi, patapita zoipa mwamphamvu mu mzinda boma. Yotchuka kwambiri awa ndi Carthage. The woyenera mdani wa Rome chimene chinamuchititsa yaitali Punic nkhondo mu III-II zaka BC. mzinda linakhazikitsidwa ndi atsamunda ku mtundu wa mapeto a BC IX atumwi. Pambuyo kuchepetsa kwambiri cha mphamvu zake zakale mu Mediterranean Foinike Carthage zotheka reassign okha dzulo madera Foinike. Kale mu BC III atumwi, anakhala maphunziro waukulu anthu mu Mediterranean kumadzulo. Iye subordinated kwa Africa North, Sicily, Sardinia, Corsica, Southern Spain. Komabe, Carthage anakumana ndi mdani woyenera okha ngakhale mu nkhope ya mnyamata Republic Roma. A mndandanda wa nkhondo ndi osiyana a bwino kuthetsa ulamuliro wa ku Foinike mu otsiriza Mediterranean.