Mantha wofiira

The Red Zoopsya mu Russia ndi zovuta kwa njira Chilango, amene ntchito ndi Bolsheviks pa za Civil nkhondo, zaka 1917-23. mode amagwiritsidwa ntchito ndi magulu amene zosangalatsa zomwe akhala analengeza adani kalasi komanso anthu amene anali mlandu wochita zinthu counterrevolutionary. The Red Mantha anali mbali ya malamulo boma anathamangitsa ndi Bolsheviks kuponderezedwa. Zochita ntchito imeneyi ya miyeso Chilango ikuchitika ndi kugwiritsa ntchito malamulo ndi kukhazikitsa zinthu zosiyanasiyana kulongosola malamulo iliyonse. The Red Mantha anali cholepheretsa osati kwa odana Bolshevik kayendedwe, komanso anthu wamba.

Lero, ndi zovuta za miyeso ali matanthauzo awiri.

Ena mbiri yakale amakhulupirira kuti Red Mantha zikuphatikizapo ndondomeko zonse za kupondereza ndi lynchings mu 1917. Iwo amaona kuti izi ya miyeso m'njira anapitiriza ya October kuukira boma. Akatswiri a mbiri yakale amanena kuti White ndi Red Mantha anayamba panthawi zosiyanasiyana. Pankhaniyi, wachiwiri anayamba kale kuposa poyamba. The Red Mantha ankaona nawatsimikizira zimayamba wakhala kugwirizana ndi chiwawa Bolshevik, motsogoleredwa osati kwambiri ndi kulimbikira alipo, koma ndi makalasi lonse chitukuko, zomwe inaletsedwa. Zikuphatikizapo, olemekezeka woyamba wa zonse, anatumizidwa ndi Cossacks, kulaks ndi ansembe, akapitawo ndi nzika.

mbali ina ya azambiriyakale amaona mantha Bolshevik kukhonda ndi yomalizira, yankho ndi kumbuyo anachita motsutsana ndi White mantha.

Atsogoleri a Party Communist wonse ndipo makamaka Lenin anatsutsa "softness 'poyankha zimene potsimikizira-boma. Pa nthawi yomweyo Vladimir Ilyich kwambiri analimbikitsa "khalidwe misa ndi mphamvu ya mantha", anawatcha "ikulimbikitsa ya misa ndi zolondola ndithu." Pa nthawi yomweyo, ena mwa ziganizo Lenin, kunali kupewa "mwankhanza, kukondera unmotivated ziganizo."

anzeru ambiri ndi azambiriyakale, monga Kautsky, anatsutsa khalidwe la boma latsopano, malamulo ake ndi miyezo yake. Ananena kuti, pamaso zitasintha pa Bolsheviks anali ndi ntchito ya chilango cha imfa. Pambuyo kulanda mphamvu ndi boma anayamba ntchito kupereka misa. Lenin potsutsana ndi maganizo amenewa, nayenso anati kuti Bolsheviks sanali ndi aphedwe. nkhani, monga Iye adali mu zina. Analoza chakuti palibe boma chosintha sakhala wopanda chilango, azilankhula okha nkhani ya kalasi imene muyeso uwu udzakhala kucitika.

Pambuyo Bolshevik kulanda mphamvu m'mizinda ikuluikulu ya dziko anayamba kukhazikitsa kusintha Marxist zachuma. Pankhaniyi, kutembenuka anakwana kulandidwa katundu, amene anali pamaso pa nzika, kusonkhanitsa anthu ogwira kuonetsetsa yomanga othamanga ulamuliro wa zokomera.

Lenin ankakhulupirira kuti kufunika kukhwimitsa lolimba pa zinthu zimene mlendo kwa proletariat lapansi. zinthu zonsezi, mu maganizo ake, ayenera adzathe kugwiritsa ntchito njira zosiyana.

Tsiku lanuli kulengezedwa kwa Red Mantha anali 5 September 1918. Iye anathetsa pa November 6 chaka chomwecho.

Kupondereza anaphedwa matupi a Cheka kulimbana kauntala-chosintha mawonetseredwe, umbanda ndi mphekesera pa positi komanso "comrades udindo wa Party" (wapadera kusamvana).

ntchito lathu ziwalo Chilango anali kukonza ndendende okwanira "Izvestia". Malinga Danishevsky (wapampando loyamba la Council usilikali Chiwukirano), Anatsegula milandu asilikali sayenera motsogozedwa ndi alibiretu malamulo, popeza kuti iwo analengedwa (Anatsegula milandu) anali pansi kwambiri chosintha atasemphana.