Natalia Goncharova - wojambula mbiri ndi chithunzi

Natalia Goncharova - umboni zojambulajambula, ndilo ndithu osowa wamkazi avant-garde luso. moyo wake ndi ntchito ndi chithunzi chooneka bwino cha mumaganiza mu chitukuko cha anthu ndi chikhalidwe cha m'ma 20. zojambula ake tsopano ofunika kwambiri ndalama, koma nthawi imene anali kuzunzidwa ndi amawanena kuti maganizo awo makamaka pa dziko.

Childhood ndi magwero

Natalia Goncharova anabadwa June 4, 1881 m'mudzi wa dera Ladyzhino Tula mu chuma cha agogo ake, amene anali pafupi kwambiri ndi Yasnaya Polyana. Makolo Natalia amapita ku chikhalidwe cha Goncharova, mkazi Pushkin anafika kuchoka Dzina wojambula Natalia Goncharova. mtundu awo amachokera wamalonda Athanasius Abramovich - woyambitsa wa fakitale nsalu m'dera Kaluga. agogo Natalia a kubanja odziwika bwino masamu P. Chebyshev.

Atate wa wojambula Sergei Mikhailovich anali munthu wamanga, nthumwi ya Moscow Art Nouveau. Amayi Catherine Ilinichna - mwana wa pulofesa wa Moscow Theological Academy. Childhood anakhala pa malo mu dziko lake, ndipo mpaka muyaya anaika iye chikondi cha moyo wakumudzi. Contact ndi luso wowerengeka anasiya chizindikiro mu maganizo ake a dziko, ndipo ndi chimene luso olemba mbiri amati mawu amenewa kukongoletsa ya ntchito yake. Pamene anali ndi zaka 10, makolo ake anasamukira ku Moscow.

learning

Ku Moscow, Natalya Goncharova, wojambula m'tsogolo, alowa zolimbitsa thupi akazi, amene onse anamaliza chaka cha 1898 ndi Mendulo siliva. Ngakhale kuti atsikana anali chizolowezi undoubted kudzatunga, izo si aakulu achinyamata mwayi kukhala wojambula. Nditamaliza sukulu ya sekondale, iye anali kufunafuna yekha, iye anayesa kuti ntchito zachipatala, anayesa kupita ku yunivesite, koma si nawo. Mu 1900, iye anachita chidwi kwambiri luso ndi chaka kenako anayamba Moscow School of Painting mu kalasi ya chosema S. Volnukhin ndi Trubetskoy.

Phunziro inapatsidwa kwa iye bwino mu 1904 iye analandira ngakhale yaing'ono siliva Mendulo chifukwa cha ntchito yake, koma posachedwapa anasiya sukulu. Mu 1903 iye anapita ulendo kulenga malonda ku Crimea ndi Tiraspol, zomwe zinatsala kujambula zithunzi za chionetsero cha ulimi, komanso analemba waona komanso watercolors kalembedwe impressionistic.

Chithunzicho Mikhail Larionov anamuuza kuti asawononge nthawi chosema ndi kupenta kuchita, "Tsegulani maso anu kuti maso anu. Muli Luso kwa mtundu ndi kupanga mukuchita "- iye anati. Tinakumana ndi Larionov anasintha moyo wake ndi zolinga, iye akuyamba kulemba kwambiri ndi kupeza kalembedwe anu.

Mu 1904 Goncharova kusukulu, koma umapita ku situdiyo ku kupenta ndi Konstantin Korovin. Chosema wa mtsikana sunasiye, ndipo mu 1907 analandira Mendulo wina. Mu 1909, Natalia potsiriza aganiza kuti asiye maphunziro ake, ndiyesa kutsogolo kwa M'maso ena.

matabwa

Pamodzi ndi Mihailom Larionovym Natalia Goncharova, wojambula yonena tsopano mpaka kalekale kugwirizana ndi luso latsopano mu 1910s oyambirira anakhala woyambitsa wa zochita avant-garde ndi chithunzi - Rayonism. Izo anaitana kubwerera ku chiyambi primordial wa luso lakalekale. zofunika kwambiri linali lofika kayendedwe ka wowerengeka nyimbo amapereka mwayi pamtima munthu mbiri ndi kutidzutsa m'maganizo luso.

Man, malinga Goncharova ndi Larionov, kuzindikira dziko monga ya intersecting matabwa, ndipo ntchito chithunzicho kusonyeza masomphenya mothandizidwa ndi mizere akuda. Kumayambiriro ntchito Goncharova anali owala kwambiri ndi limaonetseratu. Iwo sikuti zinapatsira ndi lingaliro Rayonism, komanso nafuna nzeru zatsopano, amene ndiye wodzaza ndi chitukuko.

kulenga yonena

Popeza 1906, Natalia Goncharova, wojambula, zithunzi za ntchito zimene masiku ano mu Catalogs za zinthu zochititsa chidwi kwambiri yapamwamba mu dziko, akuyamba kulemba intensively kwambiri. Ulendo wa ku Paris, komwe iye anauziridwa ndi ntchito za Fauves ndi Paulo Gauguin, kukakamiza iye amachoka Impressionism ndi Atchule awo za zinthu zatsopano. Addicting wojambula anayesa primitivism wake ( "Sambani lona," 1910), cubism ( "Chithunzi cha Mikhail Larionov," 1913), ndi abstraction.

Patapita nthawi yaitali, otsutsa adzanena kuti, kuwaza sanalole ake kukhala mphamvu ya luntha lake. Pankhaniyi, ndi bwino kwambiri ndi akuchitachita. Kuyambira mu 1908 mpaka 1911 iye amapereka pandekha pa luso situdiyo ya zojambulajambula Mashkov. Natalia komanso umabwerera kwa zaluso kukongoletsa: kulemba dongosolo chifukwa wallpaper friezes akuyandikira nyumba. chithunzicho nawo mu ntchito ya Futurists Society, mogwirizana ndi V. Khlebnikov ndi Kruchenykh.

Mu 1913 Goncharova anali kudzipatula mu filimu experimental "Lady mu cabaret Futurists №13», tepi si anapulumutsidwa. Pa yekha kupulumuka maliseche powonekera analanda Goncharova m'manja mwa M. Larionov. Mu 1914 iye kachiwiri anapita Paris pa kuyitana kwa Sergei Diaghilev. Mu 1915, chithunzicho polimbana ndi mavuto aakulu kwambiri a kufufuza. Mu 1916 iye analandira ndi makampani kuti chithunzi cha mpingo mu Bessarabia, koma mapulani amenewa mawu nkhondo.

ntchito chionetsero

Mu 1910s ndi Goncharova kwambiri poyera nawo ntchito ya magulu luso. Mu 1911 iye pamodzi ndi M. Larionov bungwe chionetsero "Jack ya diamondi" mu 1912 - "Mchira Bulu" ndipo "Salon wa Golden ubweya," "World wa Art", "mipherezero", "№4". chithunzicho chinali mbali ya Munich kampani "Blue Wokwera". Goncharov anathandiza mwachangu zochita zambiri ndi njira ya nthawi imeneyo. Pamodzi ndi Futurists anayenda za Petersburg ndi utoto nkhope, nyenyezi mafilimu awo. Pafupifupi anthu onse a zochitika izi, kuphatikizapo zisudzo zinathera yochititsa manyazi kuwatcha apolisi.

Mu 1914 mwambo yaikulu payekha chionetsero cha ntchito ndi Goncharova, komwe caka ca 762 zojambula ankazionetsa. Komanso sipanatenge popanda kumuyalutsa: ntchitoyo anali kudzipatula pa milandu ya chiwerewere ndi wolakwayo kukoma anthu.

Chifukwa zochitika zoterozo mu zochitika avant-garde zambiri anali Natalia Goncharova, chithunzicho, chionetsero chimene otsiriza unachitikira mu Russia mu 1915. Pambuyo Russia kuti sanayambe wandiwonapo zisudzo munthu wa wojambula izi choyambirira.

Kufufuza ndi kukaniza

Mu 1910, pa chionetsero cha Society of Free aesthetics Natalia Goncharova, chithunzicho, amene ntchito m'mbuyomu mobwerezabwereza litazindikiridwa monga chiwerewere, izo zikusonyeza zithunzi zingapo za akazi amaliseche mu mzimu wa Venus mafano. Ntchito anamangidwa pa milandu zolaula, zomwe zinali zachilendo kwa nyengo Tsarist Russia, kumene zosemasema sali pansi kufufuza. Pambuyo kumuyalutsa wina atate Natalia analemba kalata lotseguka kwa nyuzipepala, imene otsutsa kunyozedwa kuti sanaone mzimu wamoyo wa zilandiridwenso ntchito za mwana wake.

Mu 1912, chionetsero wotchuka "Mchira buru" Natalia Goncharova, chithunzicho ali ndi zinabukitsa mbiri avangardistki, poyera mkombero wa 4 zojambula "Alaliki." Ntchito imeneyi kwachititsa mkwiyo mwa censors wake zithunzi zazing'ono za oyera. Mu 1914, payekha chionetsero cha chithunzicho zachotsedwa 22 ntchito, ndiye censors ngakhale anapita ku khothi, wochitira Mulungu mwano pa Goncharov akachisi. Kumbuyo kwake anaima ojambula zithunzi zambiri nthawi: Tolstoy, M. Dobuzhinsky, N. Wrangel. Ndiyamika wazamalamulo M. Khodasevich mlandu adagonja, kupimidwa zimafika. Goncharov anadandaula kwa anzake kuti iye sankadziwa kuti lotengeka ndi chikhulupiriro chenicheni mwa Mulungu.

Goncharova - Illustrator

Natalia Goncharova - wojambula amene kuchita za mawonetseredwe osiyana. ubwenzi wake ndi Futurists anamutenga ndi kupita naye kwa buku zithunzi. Mu 1912, iye anaikira mabuku Kruchenykh ndi Khlebnikov "Mirskontsa», «The Game ku Gahena." Mu 1913 - ntchito Kruchenykh "Vzorval", "kudzipatula. Pustynnitsy "ndi kusonkhanitsa" Zadoki oweruza №2 »mabuku K. Bolshakov. Goncharova mmodzi wa illustrators buku loyamba ku Ulaya ntchito njira ya collage. Mu zina za ntchito zake, yaima pa maziko wofanana ndi amuna makalata.

Mwachitsanzo, buku Kruchenykh "Awiri ndakatulo," anaika asanu ndi awiri tsamba 14 zojambula kuti mu mawonekedwe ofanana ndi lingaliro ntchito, komanso mawu. Kenako kale kunja Goncharova amalenga mafanizo kuti "Ikani" kwa wofalitsa German kuti "The nthano za Tsar Saltan".

emigration

Mu 1915 Goncharova Natalya Sergeevna (avant-garde wojambula), pamodzi ndi moyo mnzake M. Larionov anapita ku Paris kukagwira ntchito ndi zisudzo Sergeya Dyagileva. Back mu Russia iye chinalepheretsa kusintha zinthu. Anakakhala ku kotala Latin wa Paris, komwe nthanzi emigration Russian anapita.

Mu France, angapo organically limodzi ndi bwalo la bohemians m'deralo. Achinyamata bungwe mipira chikondi kwa amisiri novice. The nyumba Goncharova, Larionov anali mlendo pafupipafupi Nikolai Gumilyov kenako Marina Tsvetaeva, amene timakondana kwambiri ndi Nataley Sergeevnoy.

Goncharova ankagwira ntchito mwakhama kwambiri pa ukapolo, koma kuphulika kulenga 10 ntchentche, mu Russia izo salinso nawo. Ngakhale m'zinthu ake "nkhanga", "Magnolia", "maluwa chitsamba chaminga" kulankhula mwa iye monga ojambula zithunzi kuulula kuyambika.

ntchito zisudzo

Natalia Goncharova - wojambula, ndi zisudzo chinali changa chenicheni. Iye wakhala akuweta Alexander Tairov pa Komiti Theatre pa ulimi wa "Tembenukira". Ntchito imeneyi ndi wofunika kwambiri V. Meyerhold. Komanso 10 ntchentche, iye akuyamba ntchito ndi Diaghilev, akumanga kuchokera m'mawu ake, "Russian Nyengo". Mu Paris, iye ntchito ndi kuvina "The Firebird", "Spain", "The Ukwati." Goncharov akupitiriza kugwirizana ndi zisudzo ngakhale pambuyo pa imfa ya impresario ndi.

ntchito yabwino

Palibe ambiri ojambula zithunzi wamkazi, m'pamene. Mmodzi wa akazi awa wapadera anali Natalia Goncharova. Wojambula "Spanish Matenda a Chimfine" amene agulitsa mapaundi oposa mamiliyoni 6, anatisiyira chuma wolemera. Ntchito yake ndi m'mamyuziyamu zikuluzikulu ndi zopereka payekha padziko lonse. Zina mwa ntchito zabwino monga: "Sambani chinsalu", "apulo kutola", mndandanda wa "chimfine Spanish", "Phoenix Mbalame", "Forest", "ndege m'sitima." Natalia Goncharova - wamkazi wojambula ndi zojambula mtengo kwambiri. Ntchito yake "Kutola maapulo" (1909) anagulitsidwa pa yobetcherana pafupifupi £ 5 miliyoni.

moyo

Natalia Goncharova - wojambula, wina moyo zogwirizana ndi kulenga. Ngakhale ku koleji anakumana Mihailom Larionovym, ndi iye ndi womangidwa tsogolo la moyo. Iwo anali ngati okonda abwenzi, mabwenzi apamtima kwambiri. Ngakhale pamene Paris Larionov Alexandra amakonda Tomilina angapo amakhala pamodzi. Mu 1955, iwo tinakwatirana, koma mgwirizano ndi Tomilina ku Larionov anapitiriza. Onse ankakhala nyumba imodzi koma pa mbewu zosiyanasiyana. Ndipo kamodzi pa nkhope pa masitepe ndi ukalamba, mkazi osauka amakonda ake, Natalia S. Tomilina anakankhira. kusachezera inapita imfa Goncharova. October 17, 1962 dziko wasiya yotamandika kwambiri Russian wojambula. Iwo anamuika Paris manda a Ivry.